tpo小站托福保分综合写作技巧完全版

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1、INTEGRATED TASK综合写作综合写作技巧展示技巧展示INTEGRATED TASKv本课内容本课内容NOTE-TAKINGNOTE-TAKING12SUMMARIZING SYNTHESIZINGSYNTHESIZING3INTEGRATED TASK1.NOTE-TAKING:“双栏式双栏式”笔记法：笔记法：2-column way T:R:L:R:123L:123INTEGRATED TASKv讲义第12页，第3题 演示 先画好“双栏”注意阅读信息笔记字数不超过15字 读阅读每一段的 Main point 和和 detail/reasonPRIVATE SPACE TRAVELv

2、T：privatized spaceflight industry R:benefits L:PRIVATE SPACE TRAVELv阅读笔记：R1.Cheaper competition2.discoveries.More scientists sponsors3.Expenses customers,not publicL123PRIVATE SPACE TRAVELv听力笔记R:123L:1 details:traffic control system safety/testedv detail:commercial projects,no v scientific value3 de

3、tail:space stations/space airportsSCHOOL UNIFORM vT：school uniform R:stress L:SCHOOL UNIFORMv阅读笔记：R1.affordable financial stressv Discomfort&self-consciousnessv emotional stress 3.Pick on social stress L123School uniform听力笔记听力笔记R:123L:1 costly details:only available from certain select stores after-

4、school clothes when they go to meet friendsv self-conscious detail:some can present themselves in their own waysv details:stage of life 2 music/backpack INTEGRATED TASK2.SUMMARIZINGNOTE-TAKINGNOTE-TAKING12SUMMARIZING SYNTHESIZINGSYNTHESIZING3INTEGRATED TASKvSUMMARIZING 1.eliminate unnecessary inform

5、ation 2.Combine into a sentence.因果关系因果关系INTEGRATED TASKvBecauseSince,As a result ofAnd thus/therefore,;thus/thereforeContribute toLead toTriggerExplainserveIfBy doing,WhenINTEGRATED TASKv展示 SUMMARIZING v通过题目 SCHOOL UNIFORMv PRIVATE SPACE TRAVELSCHOOL UNIFORMv阅读笔记：R1.affordable financial stressv Disc

6、omfort&self-consciousnessv emotional stress 3.Pick on social stress L123School uniform听力笔记听力笔记R:123L:1 costly details:only available from certain select stores after-school clothes when they go to meet friendsv self-conscious detail:some can present themselves in their own waysv details:stage of lif

7、e 2 music/backpack School uniformv展示 SUMMARIZING v通过 例题 SCHOOL UNIFORM 共6句话SCHOOL UNIFORMv1.If all students wear the same style of uniform,clothing cost will be less.阅读第1v School uniform is expensive/pricy,and students who wear uniform will buy trendy after-school clothes.听力第1SCHOOL UNIFORMv2.With e

8、veryone wearing the same uniform,students will not be concerned about whether they are wearing the fashionably-correct clothes.阅读第2 v Being made to wear a school uniform makes many students feel more self-conscious,because they can present themselves in a way of making them comfortable.听力第2SCHOOL UN

9、IFORMv3.Unity in clothing can eliminate discrimination,so teasing and bullying of some students by others will be significantly reduced.阅读第3 v It is impossible to eliminate teenagers tendency to form groups to make fun of outsiders.Or:It is impossible to eliminate teasing and bullying because they a

10、re in that particular stage,also they can pick on other things like music and backpacks.听力第3INTEGRATED TASK3.SYNTHESIZINGNOTE-TAKINGNOTE-TAKING12SUMMARIZING SYNTHESIZINGSYNTHESIZING3INTEGRATED TASKvSYNTHESIZING v把把 SUMMARIZING的的6句话整理成句话整理成3大大段，形成段，形成 BODY PARTConnect the information from both source

11、sSYNTHESIZINGTemplates:According to the lecture,_;this contradicts the points in the reading that_.The professor argues that_.This is different from the reading,which states that_.The teacher says that_.However,this is not what the reading states;it says that_.SYNTHESIZINGvTemplatesContrary to the b

12、elief in the passage that_,the professor asserts that_.The author of the passage points out that_,while the lecture notes that_.According to the reading,_.The passages point is different from the professor,which states that_.SYNTHESIZINGv展示 SYNTHESIZING v通过例题：PRIVATE SPACE FLIGHTPRIVATE SPACE TRAVEL

13、v阅读笔记：R1.Cheaper competition2.discoveries.More scientists sponsors3.Expenses customers,not publicL123PRIVATE SPACE TRAVELv听力笔记R:123L:1 details:traffic control system safety/testedv detail:commercial projects,no v scientific value3 detail:space stations/space airportsSYNTHESIZINGv1.According to the l

14、ecture,the costs of creating and running traffic control system,and of testing new space ship will make space flight expensive.This contradicts the points made in the reading that competition in the private space flight industry quickly reduce costs.SYNTHESIZINGv2.The professor asserts that private

15、space travel is likely to prevent or even delay scientific innovations by luring top scientists away from serious researches to commercial projects.Contrary to what the belief in the passage that privatization of space flight will speed up by increasing the number of scientists working in the area o

16、f spaceflight.SYNTHESIZINGv3.The lecture notes that taxpayer will end up subsidizing space station,and so on,because private invest can not cover the cost.While the author of the passage points out that the costs paid by customers of private space flight industry will significantly reduce the burden

17、 on taxpayers.INTEGRATED TASKNOTE-TAKINGNOTE-TAKING12SUMMARIZING SYNTHESIZINGSYNTHESIZING3例题：例题：CHARITABLE GIVINGvT：charitable giving R:decline L:CHARITABLE GIVINGv阅读笔记：R1.Less need government 2.Managers huge salariesv Fraudulent solicitations/3.charity fraudL123CHARITABLE GIVINGv听力笔记R:123L:1 detail

18、s:elderly&retired v detail:reform,regain confidencev detail:careful,v (1)refuse via telephone2 (2)receive proofCHARITABLE GIVINGv2-min drill写出BODY PART 的第一段：2个句子：阅读一句话+听力一句话CHARITABLE GIVINGv1.The teacher says that charitable giving will rise in the future,as the growing costs of public services cre

19、ate need for private funding.This is not what the reading states,it is said that charitable giving will not rise,because government can cover most of charity.CHARITABLE GIVINGv2.The talk says that the mismanagement in charities has been reformed,which gives donors more confidence.In the reading,howe

20、ver,it is argued that disclosures of mismanagement of the charity will lead to a permanent decline in charitable giving.CHARITABLE GIVINGv3.According to the lecture,people are learning how to avoid fraudulent giving in charities by receiving documents before donation,by turning down donation via tel

21、ephone.The professors point is different from the reading.The reading states that people avoid charity fraud by not giving to any charity,honest or not.INTEGRATED TASKNOTE-TAKINGNOTE-TAKING12SUMMARIZING SYNTHESIZINGSYNTHESIZING3INTEGRATED TASKv科学性文章 vREADING:设想 LISTENINGv 反驳：解释 1 事实，解释 2 事实，解释 3事实，解

22、释Easter Island p16vT:Easter Island culture decline R:invasion vL:internal causes R:1 No trees 2 Statues stopped3 Religion changedL:1.2.3.Easter Island p16vT:Easter Island culture decline R:invasion vL:internal causes R:1 No trees 2 Statues stopped3 Religion changedL:1 build statues need tree logs to

23、 transport2.No fish,hard life,no logs to transport3.Lost confidence in old godsEaster Islandv1.The teacher says that the deforestation of Easter Island is the most plausibly explained by over logging by the native population who use the logs to transport the giant statues.This is not what the readin

24、g states,it is said that Easter Island was deforested by invaders who were unconcerned about natural resources.Easter Islandv2.The talk says that the making of giant statues stopped because economic difficulties left islanders without any energy to make them,and it because there were no logs to tran

25、sport them.In the reading,however,it is argued that this traditional culture practice of Easter Island was destructed by a foreign invasion.Easter Islandv3.According to the lecture,It is likely that Easter Islanders adopted a new religion because they lost faith in their old gods.The professors poin

26、t is different from the reading,开头段开头段 v划去BODY PARTv只看开头段 v v模板Modular template开头段：开头段：vIn the lecture,the professor made several points about_.The professor argues that_.However,the reading contends that_.The lecture contradicts the reading regarding several points vFirstly,the lecturer points out

27、that_ which differs from the reading in that the reading states_.The professor proves his idea with an example/a reason that _.The point made by the professor casts doubt on the reading.vSecondly,contrary to the belief in the passage that_,the professor claims that _ by showing that_.The point under

28、mines the claim made in the reading.vFinally,the professor states that _.This is contrary to the claim that _.Also the professor exemplifies his/her opinion by showing that_.This directly challenges what the reading passage indicates.vIn conclusion,the points made in the lecture contrast with the re

29、ading.INTEGRATED TASK1.NOTE-TAKING:“双栏式双栏式”笔记法：笔记法：2-column way T:R:L:R:123L:123ALTRUISMvOG p282R:1.donors gain nothing2.Sentinel meerkats food in guarding3.sen.meer.In danger from predatorsL:1.Donors gain appreciation from society2.sen.Meer.Eat b4 other meers.3.sen.The 1st to escape from predators.

30、ALTRUISM 的范文的范文vIntroduction ParagraphvThe topic for the lecture and the reading passage is _.The professor argues that_ _while the reading contends that_ _ _ _.The lecture contradicts the reading regarding several points.altruismpeople and animals actually benefit from so-called altruism actsaltrui

31、sm is a kind of unselfish behavior which is quite common among people and animalsBody Paragraph 1vFirstly,the lecturer points out that_ which differs from the reading in that the reading states_.In other words,_.The point made by the professor casts doubt on the reading.sentinel meerkats actually ea

32、t before the other meerkatsthey go without food to stand guardsentinel meerkats have a full stomach as they work according to recent studiesBody Paragraph 2vSecondly,contrary to the belief in the passage that _ _,the professor claims that _ _ _ by showing that _ _.The point undermines the claim made

33、 in the reading.sentinel meerkats place themselves in danger from predators the alarm sentinels give off can draw away the attention from the predators and the sentinel meerkats stand near the burrow they are actually the first to escape Body Paragraph 3vFinally,the professor states that_ _ _.This i

34、s contrary to the claim in the passage that _ _.Also the professor illustrates his opinion by showing that _ _.This directly contradicts what the reading passage indicates.human organ donors receive appreciation and approval from the rest of societythe donors gain nothing from their action such non-

35、material rewards are more important than materialistic gainsConcluding ParagraphvIn conclusion,the points made in the lecture challenge the readings claim.INTEGRATED TASK1.NOTE-TAKING:“双栏式双栏式”笔记法：笔记法：2-column way T:R:L:R:123L:123School-year vacation vT:school-year vacation R:valuable L:R:1.New place

36、s and culture meeting people 2.Benefits continue enthusiasm 3.Good for teachers lesson planL:1.Play catch-up catch up missed learning 2.Enthusiasm downside hard to fit back3.Interfere with less time for other ss.External.internal hiring vT:hiring an outsider R:advantage L:1.New perspective diversity of ideas 2.Less cost no spending time and money in training3.Bring contacts valuable asset1.disagreement/conflict company has tradition 2.Additional costmore time personal relationship and settling-in period 3.Best employees will leave.