电子商务英文课件：ch18 Building E-Commerce Applications And Infrastructure

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1、Building E-Commerce Applications And Infrastructure1.Discuss the major steps in developing an EC system.2.Describe the major EC development strategies and list their major advantages and disadvantages.3.List the various EC application development methods along with their benefits and limitations.4.D

2、iscuss various EC application outsourcing options,including application service providers(ASPs),software as a service(SaaS),and utility computing.5.Discuss the major EC software packages and EC application suites.18-16.Discuss the value and technical foundation of Web Services and Web 2.0.7.Understa

3、nd service-oriented architecture(SOA)and virtualization and their relationship to EC application development.8.Describe the criteria used in selecting software vendors and packages.9.Describe various methods for connecting an EC application to back-end systems and databases.10.Understand the value a

4、nd uses of EC application log files.11.Discuss the importance of usage analysis and site management.18-2 Once it has been determined that a business can benefit from an online presence,the business type,the product line,the businesss organization,and the budget dictate what functionality the Webstor

5、e should have and how the Web site should be developed18-318-418-5 The traditional systems development life cycle(SDLC)systematically leads developers through six analysis and design stages:1.Problem identification2.Analysis3.Logical design4.Physical design 5.Implementation6.Maintenance18-618-718-8

6、STEP 1:IDENTIFYING,JUSTIFYING,AND PLANNING EC SYSTEMS STEP 2:CREATING AN EC ARCHITECTURE EC architectureA plan for organizing the underlying infrastructure and applications of a site scalabilityHow big a system can grow in various dimensions to provide more service;measured by total number of users,

7、number of simultaneous users,or transaction volume18-9 STEP 3:SELECTING A DEVELOPMENT OPTION Build the system in-house Have a vendor build a customized system Buy an existing application and install it Lease standard software from an application service provider(ASP),lease as a service(SaaS),or leas

8、e via utility computing Enter into a partnership or alliance Join a third-party e-marketplace or an exchange Use a combination of approaches18-10 STEP 4:INSTALLING,TESTING,INTEGRATING,AND DEPLOYING EC APPLICATIONS unit testingTesting application software modules one at a time integration testingTest

9、ing the combination of application modules acting in concert usability testingTesting the quality of the users experience when interacting with a Web site acceptance testingDetermining whether a Web site meets the original business objectives and vision STEP 5:OPERATIONS,MAINTENANCE,AND UPDATES18-11

10、 MANAGING THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS The development process can be fairly complex and must be managed properly For medium-to-large applications,a project team is usually created to manage the process and the vendors Collaboration with business partners also is critical Three basic options for developi

11、ng an EC Web site:1.Develop the site in-house2.Buy a packaged application3.Lease the application18-12 IN-HOUSE DEVELOPMENT:INSOURCING insourcingIn-house development of applications reusabilityThe likelihood a segment of source code can be used again to add new functionalities with slight or no modif

12、ication interoperabilityConnecting people,data,and diverse systems;the term can be defined in a technical way or in a broad way,taking into account social,political,and organizational factors18-13 Insourcing Options Build from scratch Build from components enterprise application integration(EAI)Clas

13、s of software that integrates large systems BUY THE APPLICATIONS(OFF-THE-SHELF APPROACH)turnkey approachReady to use without further assembly or testing;supplied in a state that is ready to turn on and operate18-14 OUTSOURCING/LEASING EC APPLICATIONS outsourcingA method of transferring the managemen

14、t and/or day-to-day execution of an entire business function to a third-party service provider Outsourcing Options Software houses Outsourcers and others Telecommunications companies18-15 SOFTWARE ON DEMAND utility(on-demand)computingUnlimited computing power and storage capacity that can be used an

15、d reallocated for any applicationand billed on a pay-per-use basis18-16 policy-based service-level management toolsCoordinate,monitor,and report on the ways in which multiple infrastructure components come together to deliver a business service policy-based resource management tools Automate and sta

16、ndardize all types of IT management best practices,from initial configuration to ongoing fault management and asset tracking virtualization toolsEnable server,storage,and network resources to be deployed and managed as giant pools and seamlessly changed as needs change18-1718-18 application service

17、provider(ASP)A company that provides business applications to users for a small monthly fee software as a service(SaaS)A model of software delivery where the software company provides maintenance,daily technical operation,and support for the software provided to their client.SaaS is a model of softw

18、are delivery rather than a market segment18-19 INTEGRATING WITH WEB SERVICES AND SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE Technologies have made integration a difficult task for a number of reasons:1.Platform-specific objects2.Dynamic environment3.Security barriers A universal standard has emerged to assist th

19、e process of integration18-20 Web ServicesSelf-contained,self-describing business and consumer modular applications,delivered over the Internet that users can select and combine through almost any device,ranging from personal computers to mobile phones Web 2.0Web Services that emphasize online colla

20、boration and information sharing among users18-21 service-oriented architecture(SOA)An application architecture in which executable components,such as Web Services,can be invoked and executed by client programs based on business rules Web-oriented architecture(WOA)A set of Web protocols(e.g.,HTTP an

21、d plain XML)as the most dynamic,scalable,and interoperable Web Service approach Representational State Transfer(REST)Refers to a collection of architectural principles18-22 mashupCombination of two or more Web sites into a single Web site that provides the content of both sites(whole or partial)to d

22、eliver a novel product to consumers widgetA Web page feature or a small Web toolbox often designed on top of Web applications18-23 If a company decides to buy or lease an EC application,the following representative selection criteria need to be considered:Flexibility Information requirements User fr

23、iendliness Hardware and software resources Installation Maintenance services18-24 Vendor quality and track record Estimating costs Personnel Technological evolution Scaling Sizing Performance latencyThe time required to complete an operation,such as downloading a Web page18-25 throughputThe number o

24、f operations completed in a given period of time;indicates the number of users that a system can handle Reliability Security18-26 AjaxA Web development technique for creating interactive Web applications Really Simple Syndication(RSS)A family of Web-feed formats used to publish frequently updated di

25、gital content AtomRSS Internet standard created by the Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF)and formally known as the Atom Syndication Format18-27 SOFTWARE TO SUPPORT SOCIAL NETWORKS,BLOGS,AND WIKIS social software A software product that enables people to rendezvous,connect,and collaborate through

26、computer-mediated communication Personalization Tools:From My Yahoo!to Netvibes social bookmarkingA Web Service for sharing Internet bookmarks.It is a popular way to store,classify,share,and search links through folksonomy techniques on the Internet and intranets18-2818-29 FILE-SHARING TOOLS Mobile

27、Phones and Social Networks SUPPORTING WEB 2.0 IN THE ENTERPRISE Support for Enterprise Wikis and Blogs Software to Support Viral Marketing viral videoVideo clip that gains widespread popularity through the process of Internet sharing,typically through e-mail or IM messages,blogs,and other media-shar

28、ing Web sites18-30 FUNCTIONAL SOFTWARE PACKAGES electronic catalogThe virtual-world equivalent of a traditional product catalog;contains product descriptions and photos,along with information about various promotions,discounts,payment methods,and methods of delivery merchant server softwareSoftware

29、for selling over the Internet that enables companies to establish selling sites relatively easily and inexpensively18-3118-32 EC suiteA type of merchant server software that consists of an integrated collection of a large number of EC tools and components that work together for EC applications devel

30、opment18-33 WHERE IS WEB 2.0 SOFTWARE GOING?INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES virtualizationA technique for hiding the physical characteristics of computing resources from the way in which other systems,applications,or end users interact with those resources cloud computingInternet(cloud)based development cou

31、pled with the use of computer technology(computing)18-3418-35 STEP 1:IDENTIFY POTENTIAL VENDORS STEP 2:DETERMINE THE EVALUATION CRITERIA request for proposal(RFP)Notice sent to potential vendors inviting them to submit a proposal describing their software package and how it would meet the companys n

32、eeds18-36 STEP 3:EVALUATE VENDORS AND PACKAGES STEP 4:CHOOSE THE VENDOR AND PACKAGE STEP 5:NEGOTIATE A CONTRACT STEP 6:ESTABLISH A SERVICE-LEVEL AGREEMENT service-level agreement(SLA)A formal agreement regarding the division of work between a company and a vendor18-37 CONNECTING TO DATABASES multi-t

33、iered application architecture EC architecture consisting of four tiers:Web browsers,Web servers,application servers,and database servers CONNECTING TO BACK-END SYSTEMS CONNECTING TO BUSINESS PARTNERS middlewareSeparate products that serve as the glue between two applications;sometimes called plumbi

34、ng because it connects two sides of an application and passes data between them18-38 LOG FILES access logA record kept by a Web server that shows when a user accesses the server;kept in a common log file format,each line of this text file details an individual access E-COMMERCE MANAGEMENT TOOLS Patr

35、ol for E-Business Management MainView for E-Business Management18-391.Do our business goals match well with e-business solutions?2.What is the development strategy for our enterprise information system,including EC?3.What is the outsourcing strategy?4.How should Web Services be deployed?5.Which strategy should we choose for vendor selection:inside-out or outside-in approach?6.Have we analyzed the usage data?7.How do we balance the experts views with users requirements?18-40