高中物理书上的单词整理

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1、高中物理书上的单词整理机械运动mechanical motion力学mechanics质点mass point参考系reference frame坐标系coordinate system路程path位移displacement矢量vector标量scalar速度velocity平均速度average velocity瞬时速度instantaneous velocity速率speed加速度acceleration费恩曼FeynmanV-T图v-t graph普朗克Planck匀变速直线运动uniform variable rectilinear motion初速度initial velocity

2、自由落体运动free-fall motion自由落体加速度free-fall acceleration重力加速度gravitational acceleration亚里士多德Aristotle伽利略Galileo Galilei米开朗基罗Michelangelo恩格斯Friedrich Engels力force牛顿Newton重力gravity重心center of gravity万有引力gravitation电磁相互作用electromagnetic interaction强相互作用strong interaction弱相互作用weak interaction形变deformation弹性形

3、变elastic deformation弹力elastic force弹性限度elastic limit弹性系数coefficient of stiffness胡克定律Hooke law摩擦力frictional force静摩擦力static frictional force滑动摩擦力sliding frictional force动摩擦因素dynamic frictional factor合力resultant force分力components of force力的合成composition of force公力点concurrent forces平行四边形定则parallelogram

4、 rule力的分解resolution of force三角形定则triangular rule自然和自然的法则在黑夜中隐藏，上帝说，让牛顿去吧！于是一切都被照亮。-蒲柏Nature and natures law lay hid in night. God said, let Newton be! And all was light.-Alexander pope牛顿运动定律Newton laws of motion笛卡尔R. Descartes牛顿第一定律Newton first law惯性inertia惯性定律law of inertia质量mass惯性系inertial system牛

5、顿第二定律Newton second law单位制system of units国际单位制Le System International dUnites作用力action反作用力reaction牛顿第三定律Newton third law超重overweight失重weightlessness误差error偶然误差accidental error系统误差systematic error绝对误差absolute error相对误差relative error有效数字significant figure曲线运动curvilinear motion基尔霍夫Kirchhoff切线tangent抛体运动

6、projectile motion平抛运动线速度linear velocity匀速圆周运动uniform circular motion角速度angular velocity弧度radian周期period向心加速度centripetal acceleration向心力centripetal force拉普拉斯Laplace第谷Tycho Brahe开普勒Johannes Kepler托勒密Claudius Ptolemy哥白尼Nicolaus Copernicus布鲁诺Bruno引力常数gravitational constant万有引力定律law of universal gravitat

7、ion哈雷Halley第一宇宙速度first cosmetic velocity黑洞black hole霍金Hawking劳厄Laue势能potential energy动能kinetic energy功work焦耳Joule功率power瓦特Watt重力势能gravitational potential energy弹性势能elastic potential energy动能定理theorem of kinetic energy机械能守恒定律law of conservation of mechanical energy能量守恒定律law of energy conservation亥姆霍兹

8、Helmholtz膜membrane泰勒斯Thales电electricity电荷electric charge正电荷positive charge负电荷negative charge摩擦起电electrification by friction自由电子free electron离子ion静电感应electrostatic induction电荷守恒定律law of conservation of electric charge电荷量electric quality元电荷elementary charge库伦Coulomb密立根Millikan比荷specific charge静电力elect

9、rostatic force库仑定律Coulomb law点电荷point charge静电力常数electrostatic force constant电场electric field静电场electrostatic field电磁场electromagnetic field电场强度electric field strength电场线electric field line匀强电场uniform electric field电势能electric potential energy/ electrostatic potential energy电势electric potential伏特Volt

10、等势面equipotential surface电势差electric potential difference电压voltage静电平衡状态electrostatic equilibrium电离ionization电容器capacitor电容capacitance法拉farad相对介电常数relative dielectric constant张伯伦Chamberlain电源power source恒定电场steady electric field恒定电流steady current电流electric current安培Ampere电动势electromotive force内阻inter

11、nal resistance欧姆定律Ohm law串联series connection并联parallel connection电功率electric power焦耳定律Joule law电阻率resistivity闭合电路closed circuit外电路external circuit内电路internal circuit闭合电路的欧姆定律Ohm law of closed circuit集成电路integrated circuits麦克斯韦Maxwell磁极magnetic pole磁场magnetic field磁性magnetism磁感应强度magnetic induction特斯

12、拉Tesla磁感线magnetic induction line安培定则Ampere rule左手定则left-hand rule磁通量magnetic flux韦伯Weber/Wb匀强磁场uniform magnetic field安培力ampere force洛伦兹力Lorentz force霍尔效应Hal effect扫描scanning回旋加速器cyclotron康德Kant法拉第Faraday电磁感应electromagnetic induction感应电流induction current楞次定律Lenz law右手定则right-hand rule感应电动势induction e

13、lectromotive force法拉第电磁感应定律Faraday law of electromagnetic induction感生电场induced electric field互感mutual induction自感self-induction亨利Henry涡流eddy current电磁阻尼electromagnetic damping交变电流alternating current直流direct current峰值peak value正弦式电流sinusoidal current频率frequency赫兹hertz有效值effective value原线圈primary coil

14、副线圈secondary coil传感器sensor载流子carrier阿伏伽德罗常数Avogadro constant扩散diffusion布朗Brown布朗运动Brownian motion热运动thermal motion分子动理论molecular kinetic theory统计规律statistical regularity状态参量state parameter平衡态equilibrium state热平衡thermal equilibrium热平衡定律law of thermal equilibrium温度temperature温标thermometric scale热力学温度t

15、hermodynamic temperature开尔文Kelvin内能internal energy玻意耳Boyle马略特Mariotte玻意耳定律Boyle law查理定律Charles law盖-吕萨克定律Gay-Lussac law理想气体ideal gas理想气体状态方程state equation of ideal gas多晶体polycrystal单晶体monocrystal各向异性anisotropy各向同性isotropy表面张力surface tension浸润wettability毛细现象capillarity液晶liquid crystal物理科学physical sci

16、ences生命科学life sciences汽化vaporization蒸发evaporation沸腾boiling动态平衡dynamic equilibrium饱和汽saturated vapor饱和汽压saturated vapor pressure相对湿度humidity熔化melting凝固solidifying熔化热melting heat液化liquefaction汽化热heat of vaporization绝热过程adiabatic process威廉.汤姆森W. Thomsom热力学第一定律first law of thermodynamics能量守恒定律law of ene

17、rgy conservation克劳修斯Clausius熵entropy平衡位置equilibrium position振动vibration弹簧振子spring oscillator简谐运动simple harmonic motion振幅amplitude相位phase相位差phase difference回复力restoring force单摆pendulum惠根斯Huygens固有频率nature frequency阻尼振动damped vibration受迫振动forced vibration共振resonance达芬奇Leonardo da Vinci横波transverse wav

18、e纵波longitudinal wave波峰crest波谷trough介质medium机械波mechanical wave波长wavelength惠根斯原理Huygens principle入射角incident angle折射角refraction angle折射率refractive index折射定律refraction law衍射diffraction干涉interference多普勒效应Doppler effect超声波supersonic wave声呐sonar托马斯.样T. Young反射reflection反射定律reflection law色散dispersion光谱spec

19、trum棱镜prism菲涅尔Fresnel泊松Poisson布拉格Bragg沃森Watson克里克Crick偏振光polarized light光疏介质optically thinner medium光密介质optically denser medium临界角critical angle全反射total reflection光导纤维optical fiber激光laser爱因斯坦Einstein电磁波electromagnetic wave天线antenna调制modulation解调demodulation调谐tuning马可尼Marconi模拟信号analog signal数字信号digi

20、tal signal电磁波谱electromagnetic wave spectrum无线电波radio wave红外线infrared ray紫外线ultraviolet ray可见光visible light（伽利略）相对性原理relativity principle广义相对性原理principle of general relativity等效原理equivalence principle哈伯Hublle大爆炸宇宙学big-bang cosmology动量momentum内力internal force外力external force动量守恒定律law of conservation o

21、f momentum弹性碰撞elastic collision非弹性碰撞inelastic collision正碰direct impact散射scattering查德威克Chadwick反冲recoil冲量impulse动量定理theorem of momentum热辐射thermal radiation黑体blackbody黑体辐射blackbody radiation维恩Wien瑞利Rayleigh能量子energy quantum普朗克常量Planck constant莱布尼茨LeibnizJ.J.汤姆孙J.J. Thomson光电效应photoelectric effect截止频率c

22、utoff frequency逸出功work function光子photon光的散射scattering of light康普顿效应Compton effect波粒二象性wave-particle dualism德布罗意波de Broglie wave物质波matter waveG.P. Thomson概率波probability wave不确定性关系uncertainty relation海森伯Heisenberg阴极射线cathode ray卢瑟福Rutherford盖革Geiger能级energy lever定太stable state基态ground state激发态excited state跃迁transition电子云electron cloud玛丽居里M.S. Curie皮埃尔居里P. Curie放射性radioactivity质子proton中子neutron核子nucleon同位素isotope钋Polonium镭Radium衰变decay半衰期half life核反应nuclear reaction结合能binding energy比结合能specific binding energy质量亏损mass defect裂变fission链式反应chain reaction剧变fusion环流器tokamak夸克quark