主语从句详解

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1、主语从句详解一、概述 在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句 .根据它们在句中的语法作用, 这类从句 又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句.二、主语从句主要有四类(1) 由连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省.例如： That you will win the medal seems unlikely.That you are so indifferent bothers me.That she survived the accident is a miracle.(2) 用连词whether引导的主语从句：whether有含义(是否)/

2、在句中不做成分/不可以省. 注意：引导主语从句, 不能用 if, 只能用 whether.例如： Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.(3) 用连接代词引导的主语从句在由连接代词 who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever 引导 的名词性从句中,其连接代词在句中起名词性作用, 担当

3、一定成分.例如： What you need is more practice. What I want to know is this.Whatever we do is to serve the people.注： whatever / whoever 的功用whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义.它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、 表语等.whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who.要注意和 whatever, whoever 引导的让步状语 从句的区别.Whoever breaks the law should

4、 be punished. (主语从句)(=Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.)Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. (让步状语从句)(=No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.)(4) 用连接副词when, where, why, how引导名词性从句(其连接副词有含义，在句中作状语.) 例如:Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will come hasnt

5、 been made pubic.三、注意点:it构成的主语从句(1)由连词that引导的主语从句，在多数情况下放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形式主语.例如： That light travels in straight lines is known to all.=It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.When the plane is to take off has not been announced .= It has not been announced when the plane is to take of

6、f.(但当 what 引导的主语从句表示“的东西”时, 一般不用 it 作形式主语.) 错:It is a book what he wants.对:What he wants is a book.另外，需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别试 比较：It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack.As was reported， the US was under the terrorist attack.(2)常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构A. It is +名词+从句It is a

7、 fact that.事实是It is good news that 是好消息It is a question that . 是个问题It is common knowledge that . 是常识类似的名词还有：a pity； a wonder； a good thing； no wonder； surprise 等.例如： It is a mystery to me how it all happened.It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.It is no surprise that Bob should have w

8、on the game.Its a pity that you missed the film.B. It is +形容词+从句It is necessary that .有必要.It is clear that. 很清楚.It is likely that .很可能.It is important that . 重要的是.类似的形容词还有： Strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising

9、; interesting; astonishing， etc.例如： It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you.It is essential that he should be here by the weekend.It seems obvious that we cannot go on like this.It is necessary that you ( should) master the computer.It

10、 is important that a student learn English well.It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.需要注意的是，这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“(should) +动词原形”，即要用虚拟语气.C. It is +过去分词+从句It is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道It has been proved that 已证明It must be proved that. 必须扌旨出类似的过去分词还有：known; estimated; expected; believ

11、ed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required;decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.例如： It is thought that he is the best player.It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars.It has not been ma

12、de clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.It is said that he was killed in the earthquake.D. It seems(happened / appears / doesnt matter / makes no difference / occurred . )that .It seems that they will win the game.It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.It does

13、 not matter if I missed my train.It happened that I saw him yesterday.主从练习1. as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used.A. The estimateB. The estimatedC. They are estimated D. It is estimated that2. some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.A. Which B. Since C. Although D. How3

14、. we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents.A. Whoever B. Whatever C. However D. That4. wealthy does not necessarily mean that a man is greedy.A. For the reason that he is B. Just because he isC. The reason of being D. That he is5. Although _ happened in this developed country so

15、unds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.A. which B. what C. how D. it6. she had forgotten to take her notebook.A. That occurred to herB. She occurred thatC. To her that occurredD. It occurred to her that7. I am sure that she said is wrong.A. which B. all C. thisD. what8. We

16、lost our way in the forest, and made matters worse was that it was getting dark.A. that B. which C. it D. What9. or not is still uncertain.A. Hes coming B. If he is comingC. That comingD. Whether hes coming10. Its hell be able to come.A. doubt whether B. doubtful C. doubt it D. doubtful whether11. h

17、e is at work in the heart of the big city or at home in the quietsuburb, Dicks life is tied to machines.A. Whether B. Till C. If D. Unless12. he saw both surprised and frightened him.A. ThatB. WhenC. What D. Which13. is warm sunshine.A. What do we all need.B. What all we needC. What we needD. What w

18、e all need14. is a pity that he should feel so upset.A. What B. That C. He D. It15. a spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon.A. Remarkable B. Quite remarkablyC. It is remarkable thatD. It is remarkable fact that16. you nominate will be elected.A. Who B

19、. Whom C. Whomever D. Thats17. book you borrow must be returned within a week.A. WhatB. WhichC. Whichever D. Thats18. of us gets home first starts cooking.A. Who B. WhichC. Whichever D. Anyone1. makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever2. It worried her a bit her hair w

20、as turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for3. When and why he came here yet.A. is not known B. are not knownC. has not known D. have not known4. is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes lateB. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes lateD. Being a

21、few minutes late5. Tom liked to eat was different from .A. That. .that you had expected B. What . .that you had expectedC. That. .what you had expected D. What. .what you had expected6. we go swimming every day us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does7.It Bob drives badly.A. thin

22、ks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that 8.Its uncertain the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how9. the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which10. we cant get seems better than we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That

23、, that D. That, what11. you dont like him is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether12. well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where13. is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who14. well finish transla

24、ting the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That15. he wont go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This16. the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What17. you come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether18.

25、 makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody19. team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. How20. Who is this factory some foreign friends visited last Friday?A. that B. where C. which D. the one21.Is this factory you visited the other

26、 day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one22.leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D.Who表语从句1、概述用作表语的从句叫作表语从句 , 它位于主句中的连系动词之后 .引导表语从句的词有从属连 词 that、whether、as though（if）；关系代词 who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 等；关系副词

27、when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever 等. 可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等.That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间 或可以省略.The trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺.That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.这就是为什么在新 英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因.At that time, it seemed as if

28、I couldnt think of the right word anyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出 一个恰当的字眼来.2、由从属连词that, whether引导的表语从句.that 在引导表语从句时无词义, 而 whether 有词义, 意为、 “是否”.这时主句的主语常常是些 抽象名词，如 question（问题）,trouble（麻烦）,problem（问题）,result（结果）,chance（可能性）, suggestion（建议）,idea（想法）,reason（理由）等.表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释 使主语的 内容具体化.The trouble is （that） s

29、he has lost his money. 麻烦的事是他丢了钱.The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋.The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use .问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了. What she couldnt understand was that fewer and fewer student s showed interest in her lessons. 我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣.3、由关系代词引导的表语

30、从句.关系代词 who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 等引导表 语从句, 在句中作主语、宾语、表语, 关系代词不能省略.The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去.The problem was who could do the work .问题是谁能做这项工作.Thats what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事.Thats what we should do.那是我们应该做的.4、由关系副词引导的表语从句

31、.Go and get your coat. Its where you left it. 去把雨衣拿来.就在你原来放的地方.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats why I got wet through. 我们既没伞也没雨衣, 这 是我们淋湿的原因.That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的. That is what he is worried about.那就是他所担心的.5、由连词 because, as if/as though

32、 等引导的表语从句.It looked as if it was going to snow 看起来好像要下雪了.Thats because we never thought of it.这是因为我们从未想过此事.It seems as if he didnt know the answer 好像他不知道答案. 可以接表语从句的系动词有：1：be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were）2: feel , seem , look, appear ,sound,taste , smell3: stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay4: become

33、,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run,fall5: prove, turn out 系动词的固定搭配: come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild 连接词：that / whether /as if /asthough （if不引导表语从句）连接代词： who / whom / whose / which/ what连接副词： when / where / why / how /because注：引导表语从句的连词that间或可以省略.The truth is（that）I didn

34、t go there. 事实是我没去那儿.考题 1 The traditional view is we sleep because our brain is “programmed” tomake us do so.A. when B. why C. whether D. that答案 D解析 下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句 , 如果看不出它是 充当整个句子结构的表语从句将难以把握整个句子的意思 .因此, 应选择可引导名词 性从句且不充当任何成分的 that.考题 2 You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this

35、is I disagree.A. why B. where C. what D. how答案 B解析 下划线处的引导词引导系动词 is 后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当 地点状语 （“disagree” 属于不及物动词 , “I disagree” 本身是完整的主谓结构 ）, 下划线 应填入引导词 where, 表语从句 “where I disagree” 的意思是 “我不同意之处、 我不同 意的地方 ”.考题 3 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that you had a few days off?A. why B. wh

36、en C. what D. where答案 A解析 下划线处的引导词引导与系动词 is 连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中 充当原因状语，下划线应填入表示“因此”（指因某种原因所造成的结果）的引导 词 why.考题 4 she couldnt understand was fewer and fewer students showedinterest in her lessons.A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that答案 A解析 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当宾语 ， 特指她所不理解的事情 ， 应填

37、入关系代词型的引导词 what； 第二个下划线处表示 “因此”（指因某种原因所造成的后果，由why引导对应的名词性从句）而不是“为 什么”（指原因、理由，由because引导对应的名词性从句）,应填入引导词why.考题 5 made the school proud was more than 90% of the students hadbeen admitted to key universities.A. What; because B. What; thatC. That; what D. That; because答案 B解析 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主

38、语 ， 特指令校方骄傲的事情 ， 应选用关系代词型的引导词 what； 第二个下划线处引导表 语从句表示原因、 理由， 应由 that 引导对应的名词性从句 .考题 6 Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? Oh, thats _ _.A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited答案 A解析A选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的事物”；B选项的意思是“我觉得激 动的任何事物”；C选

39、项的意思是“我对它感觉的方式”；D选项的意思是“令我感觉 激动的时间”四个选项中A最适合跟代表“game”的主语that对应，充当表语从句 表语从句与宾语从句的关系不属于的宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句 .其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同 .故充当 宾语的句子叫宾语从句 , 充当表语的句子叫表语从句 .宾语从句（1）对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点 语序: 从句的语序必须是陈述句语序 , 即“主语 + 谓语”这种形式 . 时态 : 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候 , 从句可以是任何时态 , 而当 主句是一般过去时的时候 , 从句 , 从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态 , 即（一般过去 时, 过去

40、进行时 , 过去完成时 , 过去将来时 ）. 连接词 : 当从句意思完整 , 主句意思肯定时 , 连接词用 that, 且可以省去 , 当从 句意思完整 , 主句意思不确定或含否定含意时 , 常用 if 或 whether（ 是否 ）, 当从句意思 不完整时 , 连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词 .表语从句在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句 , 位于主句系动词的后面 .表语从句的 引导词和主语从句的引导词相同 .也是名词性从句的一种 .如： What the police want to know is when you enred red the room警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房

41、间 .The The trouble is that we are short of funds 困难是我们缺乏资金 .This This is what we should do 这是我们应当做的 .That”s s why I want you to work there 那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因 .His His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet 他的第一个问题是史 密斯先生到了没有 .注意：从句中的疑问句用正常语序 , 即陈述语序 .as as if, as though, becau 也可用来引导表语从句 .

42、She She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起来好像做了一件大事 .It It is because you eat too much 那是因为你吃得太多了 . 表从练习1. The question is we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether 2The reason why he failed is he was too careless.A. because B. that C. forD. because of3. Go and g

43、et your coat. It s you left itA. whereB. thereC. there where D. where there4The problem is to take the place of TedA. who can we getB. what we can getC. who we can get D. that we can get5. What I want to know is he likes the gift given by us.A. thatB. ifC. whetherD.不填6. The reason isI missed the bus

44、.A. thatB. whenC. whyD. what7. That is _ _ we were late last time.A. thatB. whenC. whyD. what8. She looked she were ten years younger.A. that B. like C. as D. as though9. I fell sick!-I think it is you are doing too much.A. whyB. whenC. whatD. because10. The reason why he hasnt come is .A. because h

45、is mother is illB. because of his mothers being illC. that his mother is illD. for his mother is ill11. He was born here.- That is _ he likes the place so much.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. how12.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. Why1your father wants to know is getting on with your stud

46、ies.A. What; how are youB. That；how you areC. How；that you areD. What；how you are2. The trouble iswe are short of tools.A. whatB. thatC. howD. why that3. America was was first called “India” by Columbus.A. what B. whereC. the place D. there where4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no l

47、onger .A. what it used to beB. what it was used to beingC. what it used to beingD. what it was used to be5. he really means is he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. What what D. That what6. The energy is makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. Such1. I drove to Z

48、huhai for the air show last week .Is that you had a few days off？A. why B .what C. when D. where2. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella I got wet through.A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres whyD. Its how3. See the flags on top of the building? That was we did this morning.A. when B. which C

49、. where D. what4. - Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh, thats .A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited5. What surprised me was not what he said but he said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. in the wayD. the way which

50、1. The question is we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether 2The reason why he failed is he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go and get your coat. It s youleft itA. where B. there C. there where D. where there 4The problem is to take the place

51、 of TedA. who can we get B. what we can getC. who we can get D. that we can get5. What I want to know is he likes the gift given by us.A. that B. ifC. whether D.不填6. The reason is I missed the bus.A. thatB. whenC. whyD. what7. That is _ _ we were late last time.A. thatB. whenC. whyD. what8. She look

52、ed she were ten years younger.A. that B. like C. as D. as though9. I fell sick!-I think it is you are doing too much.A. whyB. whenC. whatD. because10. The reason why he hasnt come is .A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mothers being illC. that his mother is illD. for his mother is ill11.

53、 He was born here.- That is he likes the place so much.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. how12. That is Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. why13your father wants to know is getting on with your studies.A. What; how are youB. That；how you areC. How；that you areD. What；how you are14. The trouble is we

54、 are short of tools.A. what B. that C. how D. why that15. America was was first called “India” by Columbus.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where16. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer .A. what it used to be B. what it was used to beingC. what it used to being D. what it w

55、as used to be17. he really means is he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. What what D. That what18. The energy is makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such19I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that you had a few days off？A. why B .what C. when D. w

56、here20 .I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella I got wet through.A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how21. See the flags on top of the building? That was we did this morning.A. when B. which C. where D. what22. - Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh, thats .A. what mak

57、es me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited23. What surprised me was not what he said but he said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which综合练习1. It has been provedeating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you againstse

58、rious illnesses in later life.A. if B. because C. when D. that2. The last time we had great fun waswe were visiting the Water Park.A. where B. how C. when D. why3. matters most in learning English is enough practice.A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which4. The traditional view iswe sleep because our brain

59、 is “programmed to make use do so.A. when B. why C. whether D. that5. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.A. That B. Which C. What D. As6. is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperouseconomy.A. As B. That C. This D. It7. team wins on

60、 Saturday will go through to the national championships.A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever8. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this isI disagree.A. why B. where C. what .D how9. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,our astronauts desire to do is

61、 walk inspace.A. where B. what C. that D. how10. I think Father would like to knowIve been up to so far, so I decide to send him aquick note.A. which B. why C. what D. how11. Our country is developing at an amazing speed, and this ismakes me feel so proud.A. what B. which C. that D. why12. puzzles t

62、he scientists how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions.A. What B. As C. That D. It13. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. Who C. Whoever D. The person14. Inside the White House, there is a room called the Oval Office. Thatsthe presidentworks.A. whey B. when C. what D. where15. you will be admitted to York University will be decided by the Admission Committee.A. That B. Whether C. What D. If16. T