00830现代语言学201201历年真题及答案

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1、2012年1月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试现代语言学 试题课程代码：00830考生答题注意事项：1. 本卷所有试卷必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷和草稿纸上的无效。2. 第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。3. 第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0. 5毫米黑色字迹笔作答。4. 合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。I . Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes

2、 the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. ( 2% X10=20% )1. Language users can send messages which no one else has ever sent before, which results from of language.B. productivityD. universalityA. displacementC. arbitrariness2. In terms of manner of articulation, the English co

3、nsonants 1 and r are classified as .A. liquidsB.affricatesC.stopsD.fricatives3.The morpheme “-al” in the common wordliteral” is a(n)A.rootB.derivational affixC.inflectional affixD.free morphemeand discussed,namely, and PPB.NP,VP,PP and IPA.CP,NP, VPC.CP,IP, NPand NPD.NP,VP,PPandAP5.Thesense relation

4、 between“flower” and“lilyis_In English syntactic analysis, four phrasal4.categoriesB. homonymyA.antonymyare commonly recognizedC.polysemyD. hyponymy6.In the following dialogue, which maxim under CP isviolated when theconversational implicature occurs?What did your sister buy in the Department Store?

5、A. Quantity.B. Quality.C.Relation.D.Manner.7.All the following words except _are the examples which can be used toillustrate semantic broadening.A.“deer”B.“tail”C.“bird”D.“holiday”8._is a casual use of language thatconsists of expressive but nonstandardvocabulary, typically of arbitrary, flashy and

6、often ephemeral coinages and figures of speech.A. RegisterB.SlangC. Address termD.Taboo9. When we listen, the word is heard and comprehended via the area.A. motorB.BrocasC. WernickesD.angular gyrus10. Apart from the genetic predisposition for language acquisition, language is necessary for successfu

7、l language acquisition.A. input and interaction B. instructionC. correction and reinforcement D. imitationII. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following; statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you ar

8、e not allowed to change the letter given ( 1% X10=10% )11. P is a branch of linguistic study of how sounds are put together andused to convey meaning in communication.12. The consonant p is pronounced differently in the two wordspit and spit. Inthe word pit, the sound p is a .13. Some morphemes are

9、words such ashelp, table and room, which are independentunits of meaning and can be used independently. They are called f morphemes.14. Linguistic elements are arranged in a particular order to make a string of wordsnot only meaningful but also l -and hierarchically-structured.15. In predication ana

10、lysis, a p is something said about an argument orit states the logical relation linking the arguments in a sentence.16. Among the views concerning the study of meaning, contextualism holds that meaningcan be derived from or reduced to observable c in which language is used.17. Language change is lar

11、gely a process of balancing between the simplification and the e of rules, between the need to reduce memory burdens and the needto maintain commnunicative clarity.18. In sociolinguistics, _i is sometimes used to refer to the whole of apersons language.19. Whorf proposed that all higher levels of th

12、inking are dependent on l.20. In second language leaning, instrumental motivation occurs when the learnersgoal is functional, and i motivation occurs when the learners goal issocial.III. Directions : Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false.Put a T for true or F for false in t

13、he brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement isfalse you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version ( 2% X10=20% )21. Modern linguistics, i.e., linguistic study carried out in the 20th century, is mostly prescriptive.22. In English classification of vowels, a

14、 : is a low back rounded vowel.23. How a compound is written is simply a matter of convention, which should be respected as it always is.24. The Adjacency Condition on Case assignment states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.25. Sense is the collection of a

15、ll the features of the linguistic form; and it is abstract and de-contextualized.26. According to Searle s classification of illocutionary acts, to ask someone to passabookisadirective,andtoadvisesomeonetowatchlessTVisnotadirective.27. Althoughlanguagechange isuniversal, inevitable, andsometimesvigo

16、rous, it is not an overnight occurrence, but a gradual and constant process, particularly the changes in the syntactic systems.28. The standardization of a particular dialect such as standard English and Putonghua in relation to one or more vernaculars is not necessarily the result of a deliberate g

17、overnmental policy, but of a historical and cultural tradition.29. As language and thought may blend togetheras “verbalthought” and“inner speech,” we cannot think without language while we cannot speak without thinking.30. Childrens grammar develops gradually until it becomes exactly the adultsgramm

18、ar.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. ( 3% X10=30% )31. arbitrariness32. minimal pair33. inflectional affixes34. X-bar theory35. selectional restrictions36. illocutionary act37. clipping38. situational dialects39. the critical period for

19、 language acquisition40. negative transferV . Directions: Answer the following questions. ( 10% X2=20% )41. The basic form of English negative prefix in- is in-, as in inaccurate and insecure. In impossible, n is changed to match the place of articulation of its following stop p. In illiterate, n be

20、comes identical to its following 1. Which phonological rule does this example illustrate? Please define the rule and give one more example.42. One of the important missions of historical linguistics is to reconstruct the protolanguage. Please explain what the protolanguage is and how historical ling

21、uists reconstruct it.绝密启用前编号：!352012年1月嵩華教育自学考试全国统一命题考试（课程代码00830）现伽言8答案考A 、I Dire&Sns： Read each of the following statements careftilly. Decide which one of the four s Choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, Cf or Din the brackets* (2%X1020%)I B 2.A IB 4.D5. D 6D7.A8.B9C10.AU. Di

22、rectkms： JFill in the blank in each of the followins statements with one wor the first letter of which is already given as a due. Note that you are to nil bi ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter givem (1% X 10d0% )It. Phonology11aspirated13. free14linearly15. predicate16contex

23、t17. elaboration1 & idiolect19. language20.integrative评分标磴主对得1分；答辑扣1分o W1个字母酌倩扣分；错两亍字母以上扣全分。IL DEttonfi! Judge whether each of the following rtatemenw Is true or false. Pat T for true orFforfatse in the brackets in front of each stotenent If you think a Btatement is false；you must explain why you th

24、ink so And then give the correct version.(2%X10=20%)2LF（共4页）Modem linguistics, i. linguistic study ouried out in the 20th century, is mostly descriptive, 评分标战：答对得2分；判断错渓扣全分。纠正错俣不当，酌情扣分。22. FId English classification of vowels, （ce is a low back unrounded vowel 评分标准：答对得2分列聯错课扣全分。纠正错误不当，酷情扣分。23. T。评分标

25、准：答对得2分；判晰错误扣全分。24. T评分标准：答对得2分；判断错误扣全分。W现代常育学试题答案及评分参考25. T：7 c 1评分标准：答对得2分$判断赠扣:I ( 今zogyTo advise someend to wjitch le$s TV is also a directive, 评分标准：答越得2分；判断错俣扣全分。纠正错渓不当，酌倩扣分。27. T i评分标淮P答对得2分,判断错谋扣全分。评分标准：答对得2分；判断错误扣全分。29 . FAlthough language and thought may blend together as verbal thought” an

26、d Flier speech.” there are occa&ions when one can think without language just as one may speak without thinking.评分标欄 答对得2分$判断懺误扣全分。纠正锚谋不当，酌情扣分。30. FChildren grammar never models exactly after the adults grammar, but it can approximate the grammatical rvJes of the adult language.评分标椎：答对得2分；判断谱俱扣全分。纠正

27、错谋不当.酌情扣分。N. Directions： Explain the foUowing terms and give exairip for fllustration whew appropriate. (3%X103G% )3|;: Arbitrariness means that thax Sb no logical connectioa between meanings and sounds. For example, different sounds are used to refer to the same object in different languages. Bin l

28、anguage is not entirely arbitrary; for example, wards that imitate natural sounds, soeb as nimble” and compound words like gphotocopy/T 评分标緞 答对得3分，解释不当，酌情扣分。32. When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, (he two wor

29、ds arc said to form a minimal pair, for examplet pill and bill lJA评分标准：答对曹$播鮮释不当，酌僧扣分。警0o共4页)33. Inflectional affixes cc inflectional morphemes mamfest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree, and case, for example 7e)s、indicating plurality of nouns and

30、“in& indicating progressive 年殡直 答对得3分；解释不当，酌憤扣分。现代语言学试题答案及评分参考第for use in解释不当或举例出错.酌情打分。现代语言学试題答案及评分参考第334 X-bar theory is the widely recognized and highly abstract X-bar schema as follows: X*1 Spec X1 and X 7 X Compl X-bar theory is capable of reducing the reduodancic 页 indivkiixnl phrasal strucnir

31、e rules and may well capture certain basic properties shared by aD phrasal categories across the languages of the world. 评分标准：答对得3翳衍释不当酌情扣分。35. SekctioDal restrictions are the rules which govern whether a sentence is semantically meaningAil. Jn ocher words, they are the constraints on wbM lexica) it

32、enis can go with what other 0 翅京按准：答对得3分；解释不当，酌情扣分。36. An lllocutionafy act is the act of expressing the tqpeaker#s intention; it is the act performed in saying $( act performed by the speaker in the sentence You have left the door wide qpenn may be asking someone to close the door. 评分标准：答对得3分；没有举例.

33、扣1分；解释不当，酌情扣分。37. Clipping is a kind of abbreviation of otherwise longer words (gymnasium) and fridge (refriferatorY 评分标准：答对得33& Situational dialects, also known as register refer to language varied particular speech situations, 评分标准,答对得3分；解释不当，购博扣分。3? The critical period far language acquisition re

34、fen to a period In ones Hfc extending from about age twro to puberty, during which the human brain is most ready to acquire a particular V language and language lunnug can proceed ewily. and without explicit instruction. 评分标准：答对得3分；解释不当，酌情押分。40. Negative transfer, commonly known as interference, occ

35、urs when an LI pattern 1$ differeot from the counterpart pattern of the target language. It was once believed to be the major source of difficulties expaicDced and emns made by L2 learners 评分标龜 答对得3分；给牡不当，酌情扣分。V- Directiorifi；Ansvprthe foUowto questions; (10%X2=2fl% ) 4L 1) This exanipk HluslrateB t

36、he ossiruilfttiott rule in English phonology.The A&sindlaticn nite 幡sindlate& one sound to another by “copying a feature of a sequential 理oo命臥 thus niakmg the two phenes similar. Assimilation oftwighboring sounds is, for the sdost part, paused by ardculatoty or physiological processes. When we speak

37、, wc弹&d j increase the ease of articulation. This rioppy* tendency may become regulaiizcd as rules ofianguage.才)Take nAsalization of vowels for another example. Vowels ane naialwcd in certain phoneticJTLb,社=c各占没有着全或出错酌fit扣分。小42.1) The protolanfAiage is the cdginal form of a language 如oily th*t has c

38、eased to exist J匚:;acnjsa2) iitoricl linguists try to rwonstnici the proto form in the ccnimon ancestral hnguac by means of identifying and comparing similar Hnguistic forms with omiUr ntoanixigBrtlaM luLgu4cET which 対 known as & meihod of compmivc reoonstruefien,3 Because the relsdotuhip between th

39、e ibnn and inwnin of a word is arbitrary, the existeDce of $yBtemaiic resemblance in the phonological and motpholoicRl foniu and semantic notitms of two or mac Jiuiguage! are likely to have dsmideda common anctstcr.4) Sq wort on the systematic fim-tneauing retembhiice in cogwUes* wwds that have desc

40、ended fiem & oommofl source, lies at the core cf comparative gmstruttion. For example, Engliah motbec/and ,-fikndn are believed to be cognates of GcnnanMutierr t*Vatef* and *Teund.t, Histcdcal linguists then hypothesize thai these ccgnaie &eu in Modem English 即id Modem Gernm are deswudaais of a xnmnon ancestor,坪少标准：1)2各占3分，共6幼3)4各占2处 共4分解算不気 酌1扣处