2023年海南考研英语考试考前冲刺卷（4）

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1、2023年海南考研英语考试考前冲刺卷（4） 本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。 一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.What is the main purpose of this text? A：[A\] To introduce the status quo of religious freedom in Egypt。 B：[B\] To ask for help in alleviating the restricted religious freedom

2、 in Egypt。 C：[C\] To force the government into action of some changes。 D：[D\] To promote the idea that freedom of choice and citizenship shall be based on equal rights rather than membership of a privileged religion。 2.Shopping has always been something of an impulse activity, in which objects th

3、at catch our fancy while strolling are immediately bought on a whim. Advertisers and sellers have taken advantage of this fact, carefully positioning inexpensive but attractive items on paths that we are most likely to cross, hoping that our human nature will lead to a greater profit for them. With

4、the dawn of the Internet and its exploding use across the world, the same tactics apply. A：dvertisers now place “banners”, links to commercial web sites decorated with attractive pictures designed to catch our eyes while browsing the webs, on key web sites with heavy traffic. They pay top dollar fo

5、r the right, thus creating profits for the hosting web site as well. These actions are performed in the hopes that during the course of our casual and leisurely web surfing, we'll click on that banner that sparks our interest and thus, in theory, buy the products advertised. B：Initial results have

6、been positive. Web sites report a huge inflow of cash, both from the advertisers who tempt customers in with the banners and the hosting web sites, which are paid for allowing the banners to be put in place. As trust and confidence in Internet buying increases and information security is heightened

7、with new technology, the volume of buying is increasing, leading to even greater profits. C：The current situation, however, is not quite as optimistic. Just as magazine readers tend to unconsciously ignore a 3.The second and third paragraphs are written in order to illustrate A：[A] the policy Int

8、ernet advertisers design to lure clientele and its outcome. B：[B] the process and mixed consequences of Internet advertising and shopping. C：[C] the biggest splash Internet advertisers have recently made in sales promotions. D：[D] the banners Internet advertisers take advantage of to arouse custo

9、mers'interest. 4.Analyzing the current state of the online advertising in paragraph 4, the author implies that A：[A] it has to be modified over time to remain effective. B：[B] for all its current profits, it will fade in the long run. C：[C] banners are beginning to lose their advertising efficie

10、ncy. D：[D] Internet advertising methods will continue to decrease sales. 5.The author's attitude toward online advertising can be summarized as A：[A] reserved consent but discontent. B：[B] objective analysis void of opinions. C：[C] enthusiastic support but slight contempt. D：[D] approval so fa

11、r but uncertainty in the future. 6.Picture-taking is a technique both for reflecting the objective world and for expressing the singular self. Photographs depict objective realities that already exist, though only the camera can disclose them. And they depict an individual photographer's temperamen

12、t, discovering itself through the camera's cropping of reality. That is, photography has two directly opposite ideals: in the first, photography is about the world and the photographer is a mere observer who counts for little; but in the second, photography is the instrument of fearlessness, questin

13、g subjectivity and the photographer is all. A：These conflicting ideals arise from uneasiness on the part of both photographers and viewers of photographs toward the aggressive component in “taking” a picture. Accordingly, the ideal of a photographer as observer is attracting because it implicitly d

14、enies that picture-taking is an aggressive act. The issue, of course, is not so clear-cut. What photographers do cannot be characterized as simply predatory or as simply, and essentially, benevolent. As a consequence, one ideal of picture-taking or the other is always being rediscovered and champion

15、ed. B：An important result of the coexistence of these two ideals is a recurrent ambivalence toward photography's means. Whatever are the claims that photography might make to be a form of personal expression just like painting, its originality is closely linked to the power of a machine. The steady

16、 growth of these powers has made possible the extraordinary informativeness and imaginative formal beauty of many photographs, like Harold Edgerton's high-speed ph 7.According to paragraph 2, the interest among photographers in each of the photography's two ideals can be described as A：[A]steadily

17、 growing. B：[B]cyclically recurring. C：[C]continuously altering. D：[D]spontaneously occurring. 8.The text states all of the following about photographs EXCEPT: A：[A]They can display a cropped reality. B：[B]They can convey information. C：[C]They can depict the photographer's temperament. D：[D

18、]They can change the viewer's sensibilities. 9.The author is primarily concerned with A：[A]describing how photographers'individual temperaments are reflected in their work. B：[B]establishing new technical standards for contemporary photography. C：[C]analyzing the influence of photographic ideals

19、 on picture-taking. D：[D]explaining how the technical limitations affect photographers'work. 10.We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realized only recently that

20、 the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us, that is, scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable, either socially or biologically. As we approach the beg

21、inning of the 21st century, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles, responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be “beyond dispute”. A：We can safely say, with a few

22、minor exceptions, that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19th century to the 1960s. The role distinction, raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model, lasted throughout

23、 this period, appealing for its justification to nature, religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs in peace

24、time and going to war when necessary. B：The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm. C：Sex roles were determined ac

25、cording to the “place”appropriate to each. Women's place was, first and foremost, in t 11.From paragraph 1 we can infer that it is now possible for women to embark on a career because A：[A]the change in sex roles is out of the question. B：[B]women's lib has been going on for many years. C：[C]ide

26、as about the roles of women have been changing. D：[D]the expansion of sciences scarcely remolds the women's roles. 12.The author believes that sex discrimination in the West before the 1960s was A：[A]preferable. B：[B]prevalent. C：[C]presumable. D：[D]precedent. 13.According to the fourth parag

27、raph, the author seems to think that A：[A]female passivity is natural. B：[B]men and women are physically identical. C：[C]men are born competitive and aggressive. D：[D]some different sex identity is acquired. 14.According to the author, which of the following is the most important reason for wom

28、en to go to work? A：[A]Wish to claim their rights and freedom. B：[B]Ambition and self-fulfillment. C：[C]Financial incentives. D：[D]Desire for a social life. 15.The domestic economy in the United States expanded in a remarkably vigorous and steady fashion. The revival in consumer confidence was

29、reflected in the higher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt. A parallel strengthening in business psychology was manifested in a stepped-up rate of plant and equipment spending and a gradual pickup in expenses

30、 for inventory. Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock market and in the stability of the bond market. For the year as a whole, consumer and business sentiment benefited from the ease in East-West tensions. A：The bases of the business expansion were to be found ma

31、inly in the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover, the restoration of sounder liquidity positions and tighter management control of production efficiency had also helped lay the groundwork for a strong expansion. In addition, the economic policy moves made by the P

32、resident had served to renew optimism on the business outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more effective control. Finally, of course, the economy was able to grow as vigorously as it did because sufficient leeway existed in terms of idle men and machines. B：The United

33、 States balance of payments deficit declined sharply. Nevertheless, by any other test, the deficit remained very large, and there was actually a substantial deterioration in our trade account to a sizable deficit, almost two-thirds of which was with Japan. While the overall trade performance proved

34、disappointing, there are still good reasons for expecting the del 16.Paragraph 2 mainly deals with A：[A]the revival of stronger liquidity positions. B：[B]the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies. C：[C]the causes of business development for the period. D：[D]economic policy measures suggested

35、 by the President. 17.It can be inferred from the third paragraph that the author's attitude toward the reduction of the international payments deficit seems A：[A]bitter-sweet. B：[B]optimistic. C：[C]sympathetic D：[D]depressing. 18.Part of the public policy task, as outlined in the text, is to

36、 A：[A]prevent payments deficit. B：[B]avoid inflationary pressures. C：[C]devalue the dollar. D：[D]increase the balance of trade. 19.It can be learned from the last paragraph that the Phase Three program contained A：[A]reduced government spending. B：[B]devaluation of the dollar. C：[C]productivi

37、ty measures. D：[D]wage and price controls. 20.Is the literary critic like the poet, responding creatively, intuitively, subjectively to the written word as the poet responds to human experience? Or is the critic more like a scientist, following a series of demonstrable, verifiable steps, using an

38、objective method of analysis? A：For the woman who is a practitioner of feminist literary criticism, the subjectivity versus objectivity, or critic-as-artist-or-scientist, debate has special significance; for her, the question is not only academic, but political as well, and her definition will prov

39、oke special risks whichever side of the issue it favors. If she defines feminist criticism as objective and scientific—a valid, verifiable, intellectual method that anyone, whether man or woman, can perform—the definition not only makes the critic-as-artist approach impossible, but may also hinder a

40、ccomplishment of the utilitarian political objectives of those who seek to change the academic establishment and its thinking, especially about sex roles. If she defines feminist criticism as creative and intuitive, privileged as art, then her work becomes vulnerable to the prejudices of stereotypic

41、 ideas about the ways in which women think, and will be dismissed by much of the academic establishment. Because of these prejudices, women who use an i 21.According to the author, the debate has special significance for the woman who is a theoretician of feminist literary criticism because A：[A]

42、women who are literary critics face professional risks different from those faced by men who are literary critics. B：[B] there are large numbers of capable women working within the academic establishment. C：[C] there are a few powerful feminist critics who have been recognized by the academic esta

43、blishment. D：[D] like other critics, most women who are literary critics define criticism as either scientific or artistic. 22.The author specifically mentions all of the following as difficulties that particularly affect women who are theoreticians of feminist literary criticism EXCEPT the A：[A]

44、 tendency of a predominantly male academic establishment to form preconceptions about women. B：[B] limitations that are imposed when criticism is defined as objective and scientific. C：[C] likelihood that the work of a woman theoretician who claims the privilege of art will be viewed with prejudic

45、e by some academics. D：[D] tendency of members of the academic establishment to treat all forms of feminist literary theory with hostility. 23.It can be inferred that the author would define as “political”(Line 1, Para. 3) the questions that A：[A] cannot be resolved without extensive debate. B：[

46、B] are primarily academic in nature and open to abstract analysis. C：[C] are contested largely through contention over power. D：[D] will be debated by both men and women. 24.Which of the following is most likely to be one of the “utilitarian political objectives” mentioned by the author? A：[A] T

47、o forge a new theory of literary criticism. B：[B] To pursue truth in a disinterested manner. C：[C] To demonstrate that women are interested in literary criticism that can be viewed either subjectively or objectively. D：[D] To convince the academic establishment to revise the ways in which it asse

48、sses women scholars professional qualities. 25.Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and significant risks. Civil right activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics and other minorit

49、y groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack of access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500, 000 do their be

50、st to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises. A：Corporate response appear

51、s to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to 1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980's is estimated to be over $3 bill

52、ion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade. B：Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large busi

53、nesses, they often need to make substantial investment in new plants, staff, equipment and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchas

54、ing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates 26.According to the text, civil rights activists maintain that one disadvantage under which minority-owned businesses have traditionally had to labor is that they have A：[A] been especially vulnerable to

55、 government mismanagement of the economy. B：[B] been denied bank loans at rates comparable to those afforded larger competitors. C：[C] not had sufficient opportunity to secure business created by large corporations. D：[D] not been able to advertise in those media that reach large numbers of poten

56、tial customers. 27.The text suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to A：[A] experience frustration but not serious financial harm. B：[B] have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government. C：[C] increase

57、its spending with minority subcontractors. D：[D] revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts. 28.The author implies that a minority-owned concern that does the greater part of its business with one large corporate customer should A：[A] avoid competition with larger

58、, more established concerns by not expanding. B：[B] concentrating on securing even more business from that corporation. C：[C] use its influence with the corporation to promote subcontracting with other minority concerns. D：[D] try to expand its customer bases to avoid becoming dependent on the co

59、rporation. 29.According to the organization of the text, it most likely appeared in A：[A] a business magazine. B：[B] an accounting textbook. C：[C] a dictionary of financial terms. D：[D] a yearbook of business statistics. 30.The central idea conveyed in the above text is that A：[A] attitudes a

60、ffect our actions. B：[B] teachers play a significant role in developing or reshaping pupils attitudes. C：[C] attitudes can be modified by some classroom experiences. D：[D] by their attitudes, teachers don't affect pupils' attitudes deliberately. 31.In paragraph 6 the author implies that A：[A]

61、the teacher should guide all discussions by revealing her own attitude. B：[B] in some aspects of social studies a greater variety of methods can be used in the upper grades than in the lower grades. C：[C] people usually act on the basis of reasoning rather than on emotion. D：[D] children's attitu

62、des often come from those of other children. 32.A statement not made or implied in the text is that A：[A] attitudes can be based on the learning of untrue statements. B：[B] worthwhile attitudes may be developed in practically every subject area. C：[C] attitudes cannot easily be changed by reward

63、s and lectures. D：[D] the attitudes of elementary school-aged children are influenced primarily by the way they were treated as infants. 33.The text specially states that A：[A] direct experiences are more valuable than indirect ones. B：[B] whatever attitudes a child learns in school have already

64、 been introduced at home. C：[C] teachers can sometimes have an unwholesome influence on children. D：[D] teachers should always conceal their own attitudes. 34.An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential servic

65、es: for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, and harbors. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to oper

66、ate, the whole economic system is in danger. A：It is this economic interdependency of the economic system which makes the power of trade unions such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries' economic blood supply. This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labor force is highly organized. About 55 percent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States. For historical re