理工职场英语Unit

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1、Unit 2 Design and TestingLessonsTeam ProjectReviewAdditional ResourcesEXITUnit 2 Design and TestingLesson 1.Establishing industrial design as a professionLesson 2.No single,unified style of industrial designLesson 3.Compromises and engineering designsLesson 4.Value engineeringLesson 5.Testing your p

2、roductsLesson 6.Choosing to performance-test productsEXITUnit 2 Design and TestingAdditional ActivitiesReading ResourcesWriting ResourcesUnit TestGrammar ResourcesAdditional ResourcesEXITLook at the photos in Exercise b and discuss the questions in pairs.n Lesson 1 Establishing industrial design as

3、a professiona1.What do you think all these items have in common?2.When do you think each of these items was designed?Listen and complete the summary of the life of Raymond Loewy.Then listen again and complete the notes below with examples of Loewy designs.bKeyScriptleaves France for the United State

4、s19291918Raymond Loewy is born in Paris,France.18931919receives degree in electrical engineeringreceives first industrial design commission starts his own design firmKeydesigns wide variety of household products with rounded corners and simplified lines,e.g.,Frigidaire refrigerators and freezers1945

5、from 1937designs Coldspot refrigerator19341930s and 40sredesigns Coca-Cola bottleforms Raymond Loewy AssociatesKey19611955designs Greyhounds Scenicruiser bus1954 1960designs Avanti sports car for Studebakerredesigns Coca-Cola bottle196773designs five-cent U.S.postage stamp,John F.Kennedy19641971desi

6、gns Shell logoworks for NASA,designs interiors for Apollo and Skylabdesigns Coca-Colas first aluminum canKey1.household consumer goods:_2.transportation:_3.soft drinks:_4.miscellaneous:_refrigerators,electric shavers,toothbrushes,radioslocomotives and passenger cars,Greyhounds Scenicruiser bus,Stude

7、bakers Avanti sports car,Apollo and Skylab spacecraftCoca-Colas contour bottle,Coca-Colas first aluminum canU.S.postage stamp,Shell logoScriptRead the sentences and circle each True or False.c1.By 1920,Loewy had already left France.True False2.By 1940,Loewy had worked for the Pennsylvania Railroad.T

8、rue False3.By 1958,he had designed both bottles and cans for Coca-Cola.True False4.When he designed the Avanti,he had already designed other cars.True False5.By 1928,Loewy had established his own design firm.True False6.By 1965,Loewy had started working for NASA.True False7.By the 1970s,Loewy had ev

9、en designed postage stamps.True FalseKeyRead the text and complete each space with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.The first one has been done for you.d Through his accomplishments in product design,Raymond Loewy(1)_(help)to establish industrial design as a profession.By the end of his l

10、ife,his career(2)_(encompass)all applications of modern industrial design,from consumer products to interior building space,packaging,and transportation.Long before his death,Loewy(3)_(become)one of the best-known industrial designers of the twentieth century and his vision of beauty through the use

11、 of streamlined,highly functional forms(4)_(shape)modern industrial design in the United States.For decades,his work(5)_(permeate)the nations lifestyle and influencedand(6)_(continue)to influence todaycountless aspects of American life.Keyhelpedhad encompassed had becomehad shapedpermeatedcontinuesD

12、iscuss these questions in pairs or small groups.e In your opinion,what were Loewys most impressive design achievements?Where can Loewys influence on the world of industrial design still be seen?3.What does Loewys career reveal about the work of an industrial designer?4.What aspects of industrial des

13、ign do you find most and least appealing?Research and prepare an illustrated written report about a well-known present-day industrial designer from your own country or from abroad.fNarrator:Raymond Loewy was born in Paris,France in 1893.He obtained a degree in electrical engineering in 1918.One year

14、 later,he left France for the United States.He first worked as a fashion illustrator for Vogue magazine and also designed window displays for department stores in New York City.In 1929,he received his first industrial design commissionto modernize the appearance of Gestetners duplicating machine.Loe

15、wys design was to remain unchanged for the next forty years.In the same year,Loewy started his own design firm.In 1934,he designed the Coldspot refrigerator for Sears,Roebuck and Co.It was a great commercial success and it won first prize at the Paris International Exposition of 1937.Starting in 193

16、7,Loewy began working for the Pennsylvania Railroad,designing streamlined styling for their passenger trains.Over the following years,he designed various locomotives and passenger cars.During the 1930s and 1940s,Loewy designed a wide range of household products with rounded corners and simplified li

17、nes such as the Frigidaire range of refrigerators and freezers.He made important contributions to the designs of electric shavers,toothbrushes,office machines,ballpoint pens,radios,bottles for soft drinks,packages,etc.In 1945,with five partners,he formed Raymond Loewy Associates,which was to become

18、the largest industrial design firm in the world.In 1954,he designed Greyhounds Scenicruiser bus.In 1955,Loewy redesigned Coca-Colas famous contour bottle adding the distinctive white lettering and in 1960 he designed Coca-Colas first aluminum can.In 1961,he designed the now classic Avanti sports car

19、 for Studebaker,for whom he had worked previously on other cars.As a designer,Loewys range was impressive.In 1964,he even designed a US postage stampthe five-cent stamp featuring John F.Kennedy.From 1967 to 1973,Loewy worked for NASA designing interiors for the Apollo and Skylab spacecraft.In 1971,h

20、e designed the distinctive yellow and red Shell logo that is still used today.Narrator:Raymond Loewy was born in Paris,France in 1893.He obtained a degree in electrical engineering in 1918.One year later,he left France for the United States.He first worked as a fashion illustrator for Vogue magazine

21、 and also designed window displays for department stores in New York City.In 1929,he received his first industrial design commissionto modernize the appearance of Gestetners duplicating machine.Loewys design was to remain unchanged for the next forty years.In the same year,Loewy started his own desi

22、gn firm.In 1934,he designed the Coldspot refrigerator for Sears,Roebuck and Co.It was a great commercial success and it won first prize at the Paris International Exposition of 1937.Starting in 1937,Loewy began working for the Pennsylvania Railroad,designing streamlined styling for their passenger t

23、rains.Over the following years,he designed various locomotives and passenger cars.During the 1930s and 1940s,Loewy designed a wide range of household products with rounded corners and simplified lines such as the Frigidaire range of refrigerators and freezers.He made important contributions to the d

24、esigns of electric shavers,toothbrushes,office machines,ballpoint pens,radios,bottles for soft drinks,packages,etc.In 1945,with five partners,he formed Raymond Loewy Associates,which was to become the largest industrial design firm in the world.In 1954,he designed Greyhounds Scenicruiser bus.In 1955

25、,Loewy redesigned Coca-Colas famous contour bottle adding the distinctive white lettering and in 1960 he designed Coca-Colas first aluminum can.In 1961,he designed the now classic Avanti sports car for Studebaker,for whom he had worked previously on other cars.As a designer,Loewys range was impressi

26、ve.In 1964,he even designed a US postage stampthe five-cent stamp featuring John F.Kennedy.From 1967 to 1973,Loewy worked for NASA designing interiors for the Apollo and Skylab spacecraft.In 1971,he designed the distinctive yellow and red Shell logo that is still used today.n Lesson 2 No single,unif

27、ied style of industrial designRead and discuss the text in small groups.aAccording to currently prevailing standards of industrial design,a product,apart from being cost-effective in its use of resources,should satisfy the following criteria,though the relative importance of any of these standards w

28、ill vary depending on the object:expression of function in terms of formbeauty of line,color,proportion,and textureconvenience and/or comfort in usehigh efficiency and safety of operationdurabilityease of maintenance and repairLook at the following list of products and,for each one,write the industr

29、ial design criteria that you think would have,relatively,more importance.b1.a lawn mower:_2.an office desk lamp:_3.a garbage collection truck:_4.a mobile phone:_5.a washing machine:_Discuss your answers in pairs.CLook at the photos and discuss the questions in pairs.d Which computer mouse do you pre

30、fer and why?Which toaster do you prefer and why?3.What design improvements,if any,would you suggest for either item?You are going to hear someone talking about four trends in industrial design.Listen and number the topics in the order that they are discussed.Four of the topics below are not mentione

31、d.Then listen again and take notes of the positive views expressed about each topic.eothe origins of industrial design oan emphasis on impersonalityoartificially accelerated obsolescence othe role of art in designopackaging o“classics”of industrial designothe cost of industrial design ostreamliningK

32、eyScript1432ScriptKeyScriptnatural part of mass production marketing,represents average tasteprotective shells,safe and clean,neat and attractivesmooth,clean designsvery appealing to the eyevery effective from an economic point of viewgoes against individual expressionsuperficialtrend taken to ridic

33、ulous extremesunacceptable to persuade people to replace things sooner than would usually be necessaryNow listen to another speaker offering a contrasting point of view and complete the rest of the chart.fScriptKeyIn small groups,debate the merits of the two speakers respective points of view.gWrite

34、 an article about the way you think industrial design will change in the future.hHistory capsuleGerman architect and designer Peter Behrens(18681940)is considered by many to be the firstindustrial designer.In 1907,he created the entirecorporate identity for AEG.Among his students were architects and

35、 designers like Walter Gropius,Mies van der Rohe,and Le Corbusier.Speaker A:There is no single,unified style of industrial design but there are four trends that we can identify.One of these is a stress on impersonality in designsomething that Peter Behrens was one of the first to establish.It is cha

36、racterized by a certain neutrality of expression,whether a design comes from an individual or a group.In my opinion,this is just a natural part of mass production and marketing and it represents average taste.Another trend we can see in industrial design is the way designers try to wrap or package p

37、roducts.Complex electronic or mechanical devicesperhaps designed by other engineers have protective shells that keep them safe and clean and that also look neat and attractive.Theres also the continuing tendency to streamline designs.This design principle goes back to the 1930s with people like Raym

38、ond Loewy,who was a very influential industrial designer.Streamlined designs have contours designed to offer minimum resistance when moving through air or water.These designs are smooth and clean and extremely appealing to the eye.The fourth trend I can identify is artificially accelerated obsolesce

39、nce.This refers to the practice of changing a design intentionally to try to get people to replace the things they have with new ones.Its not just the design,of course.Advertising and changes in fashion play a large part as well.From an economic point of view,well,its very effective.Speaker A:There

40、is no single,unified style of industrial design but there are four trends that we can identify.One of these is a stress on impersonality in designsomething that Peter Behrens was one of the first to establish.It is characterized by a certain neutrality of expression,whether a design comes from an in

41、dividual or a group.In my opinion,this is just a natural part of mass production and marketing and it represents average taste.Another trend we can see in industrial design is the way designers try to wrap or package products.Complex electronic or mechanical devicesperhaps designed by other engineer

42、s have protective shells that keep them safe and clean and that also look neat and attractive.Theres also the continuing tendency to streamline designs.This design principle goes back to the 1930s with people like Raymond Loewy,who was a very influential industrial designer.Streamlined designs have

43、contours designed to offer minimum resistance when moving through air or water.These designs are smooth and clean and extremely appealing to the eye.The fourth trend I can identify is artificially accelerated obsolescence.This refers to the practice of changing a design intentionally to try to get p

44、eople to replace the things they have with new ones.Its not just the design,of course.Advertising and changes in fashion play a large part as well.From an economic point of view,well,its very effective.Speaker B:I agree with your list of the prevailing trends in industrial design.But,personally,I ha

45、ve doubts about a number of things.For example,this emphasis on impersonality.To me,it goes against individual expressionas if we all have to submit to“the machine.”As for the exterior packaging that covers up the engineering insides”of a product,well,to me this is sort of superficial.I think some i

46、ndustrial designers spend too much time and money on this.What you say about streamlining is true.People seem to like smooth,sleek lines.They suggest speed and movement.But,I think weve taken this trend to ridiculous extremes.I mean,why do we streamline things like toasters when they have nothing to

47、 do with movement or speed?As for your last point,this is also true,regrettably.I can understandand acceptthe idea of artificially accelerated obsolescence in things that are just fashion items but I think it is unacceptable to try to persuade people to replace things like household appliances soone

48、r than would usually be necessary as a result of normal wear and tear.n Lesson 3 Compromises and engineering designsIn pairs or small groups,discuss the questions.a1.What does the word“dilemma”mean?2.What sorts of dilemmas might you face in your studies or in your work?3.What do you understand by th

49、e term “trilemma”?Work in groups of three.You are part of a software design team.Read the information on the role cards and assign one card to each person in your group.b _ _Working alone,make notes about the software product you want to make.cThis computer game will have a low cost.We will try to l

50、aunch it by.Work again in the same group of three.Take turns sharing your ideas with the other members of your group.dYou can make a high-quality product and you can bring it to market quickly,but _.You can make a high-quality,low-cost product,but _.3.You can make a low-cost product and you can brin

51、g it to market quickly,but _.Complete the sentences to explain the software economics“trilemma.”eit will have a high costyou will not be able to bring it to market quicklyit will not be a high-quality productKeyComplete the text with the nouns in the box.There are two extra words.The first one has b

52、een done for you.fcompromises costs designs engineers markets mathematics merits models requirements solutions (1)_ use their knowledge of science and(2)_,along with their own relevant experience,to find a suitable solution or solutions to a problem.They create appropriate mathematical(3)_ of a prob

53、lem,they analyze it,and then test potential(4)_.Usually there are a number of reasonable solutions to a problem.So,engineers evaluate each design option on its(5)_ and choose the solution that best meets their(6)_.(7)_ are at the heart of all engineering(8)_.The“best”design is the one that meets as

54、many of the given requirements as possible.EngineersmathematicsmodelssolutionsmeritsrequirementsCompromisesdesignsKeyDiscuss the text and think about how these principles apply to your studies or to your work.gYou have been assigned the task of designing a new hand-held computer game device.First,co

55、mplete the lists of desirable design values with the correct nouns and adjectives.The first one has been done for you.hhattractivereliabilitysafehigh-qualityefficiencycompactnesslightweightKeyAdd any other desirable design values that you think are relevant to this product.iWork in groups.Discuss th

56、e ways in which one design characteristic might conflict with others and the design compromises you would have to make.jIf we make it moredurable,that will increase the weight and also the cost.But if we make it more lightweight,it wont be so strong.Share the conclusions of your groups discussion wi

57、th the rest of the class.kn Lesson 4 Value engineeringaDiscuss the questions in pairs or small groups.1.What do you understand by the term“value engineering”?2.When did engineers first start to apply principles of value engineering?3.How do engineers value engineer a product?Value engineering:_Value

58、:_ Origin of the concept:_Listen to an interview about value engineering and complete the notes.Check and compare your answers.ba method for improving the value of productthe ratio of function to cost by accident,World War II,General Electric,shortages,look for adequate substitutes,use of substitute

59、s reduced production costs or improved productsanalyze the functions of a productthink of alternativesKeyScriptevaluate all the alternatives and compare them with the productchoose the best option and present findings and recommendations1.Value engineering came about as a consequence of World War II

60、.True False2.Value can be increased either by improving function or by increasing cost.True False3.The first step in value engineering is an analysis of a products functions.True False4.It is acceptable to sacrifice quality in the quest for better value.True False5.In the final step,findings are pre

61、sented and recommendations are made.True FalseThen listen again and circle the statements True or False.KeycCorrect the false statements.1.Value engineering came about as a consequence of World War II.2.Value can be increased either by improving function or by increasing cost.3.The first step in val

62、ue engineering is an analysis of a products functions.4.It is acceptable to sacrifice quality in the quest for better value.5.In the final step,findings are presented and recommendations are made.Value can be increased either by improving function or by reducing cost.When trying to achieve better va

63、lue,you do not make sacrifices in the quality of the product.KeydRead the text and fill in the correct heading for each paragraph.The first one has been done for you.cheaper substitute materials customer feedback efficiency and producibility efficient use of energy modules and subassembliesValue eng

64、ineering looks to optimizing costs by eliminating wasteful practices.How does it do this?1._:Reduce costs and add value to a product by making it more energy-efficient.2._:Replace expensive materials with cheaper ones that function just as well.If a product is only expected to last for ten years,it

65、is wasteful to use materials that last much longer.In a perfectly value-engineered product,all materials wear out at the same time.efficient use of energy cheaper substitute materials Keycheaper substitute materials customer feedback efficiency and producibility efficient use of energy modules and s

66、ubassemblies3._:Redesign products to make them more producible and adopt more efficient production processes.Eliminate unnecessary parts,unnecessary standards of precision,and any unnecessary steps in the production process.4._:Use multipurpose components that can be reused in a number of slightly different products.In this way,save on original engineering and design costs.5._:A product that has more features than customers actually want is wasteful and inefficient.Redesign a product so that it