2023年北京考研英语考试考前冲刺卷（1）

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1、2023年北京考研英语考试考前冲刺卷（1） 本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。 一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Text 3Potential AIDS victims who refuse to be tested for the disease and then defend their right to remain ignorant about whether they carry the virus are entitled to that right

2、. But ignorance cannot be used to rationalize irresponsibility. Nowhere in their argument is their concern about how such ignorance might endanger public health by exposing others to the virus.When a disease selectively attacks the socially disadvantaged, such as homosexuals and drug abusers, it see

3、ms an injustice beyond rationalization. Such is the case with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.Some crucial facts: AIDS is a communicable disease. The percentage of those infected with the AIDS virus who will eventually contract the disease is unknown, but that percentage rises with each new esti

4、mate. The disease so far has been 100 potential. The latency period between the time the virus is acquired and the disease develops is also unknown.We now have tests for the presence of the virus that is as efficient and reliable as almost any diagnostic test in medicine. An individual who tests pos

5、itive can be presumed with near-certainty to carry the virus, whether he has the disease or not.To state that the test for AIDS is ambiguous, as a clergyman recently in public, is a misstatement and an immoral act. The test correlates so consistently with the presence of the virus in bacteria cultur

6、es as to be considered 100 percent certain by experts.Everyone who tests positive must understand that he is a potential person for the AIDS virus and has a moral duty and responsibility to prevent others from infection. We are not just dealing with the protection of the innocent but with an essenti

7、al step lo contain the spread of an epidemic as horrible as any that has befallen modern man.It may seem unfair to burden the tragic victims with concern for the welfare of others. But moral responsibility is not a luxury of the fortunate, and evil actions committed in despair cannot be condemned ou

8、t of pity. It is morally wrong for a healthy individual who tests positive for AIDS to be involved with anyone except under the strict precautions now defined as safe sex.It is morally wrong for someone in a high risk population who refuses to test himself to do other than to assume that he tests po

9、sitive. It is morally wrong for those who, out of sympathy for the heartbreaking victims of this epidemic, as though well-wishing and platitudes about the ambiguities of the disease are necessary in order to comfort the victims while they contribute to enlarging the number of those victims. Moral re

10、sponsibility is the burden of the sick as well as the healthy.In the passage, the author intends to tell us that（） A．those who refuse to be tested for AIDS are justifiable. B．people should take precautions against AIDS. C．people should condemn those who are irresponsible. D．the sick should tak

11、e the moral responsibility of protecting public health. 2.Text 3Potential AIDS victims who refuse to be tested for the disease and then defend their right to remain ignorant about whether they carry the virus are entitled to that right. But ignorance cannot be used to rationalize irresponsibility.

12、Nowhere in their argument is their concern about how such ignorance might endanger public health by exposing others to the virus.When a disease selectively attacks the socially disadvantaged, such as homosexuals and drug abusers, it seems an injustice beyond rationalization. Such is the case with ac

13、quired immune deficiency syndrome.Some crucial facts: AIDS is a communicable disease. The percentage of those infected with the AIDS virus who will eventually contract the disease is unknown, but that percentage rises with each new estimate. The disease so far has been 100 potential. The latency per

14、iod between the time the virus is acquired and the disease develops is also unknown.We now have tests for the presence of the virus that is as efficient and reliable as almost any diagnostic test in medicine. An individual who tests positive can be presumed with near-certainty to carry the virus, wh

15、ether he has the disease or not.To state that the test for AIDS is ambiguous, as a clergyman recently in public, is a misstatement and an immoral act. The test correlates so consistently with the presence of the virus in bacteria cultures as to be considered 100 percent certain by experts.Everyone w

16、ho tests positive must understand that he is a potential person for the AIDS virus and has a moral duty and responsibility to prevent others from infection. We are not just dealing with the protection of the innocent but with an essential step lo contain the spread of an epidemic as horrible as any

17、that has befallen modern man.It may seem unfair to burden the tragic victims with concern for the welfare of others. But moral responsibility is not a luxury of the fortunate, and evil actions committed in despair cannot be condemned out of pity. It is morally wrong for a healthy individual who test

18、s positive for AIDS to be involved with anyone except under the strict precautions now defined as safe sex.It is morally wrong for someone in a high risk population who refuses to test himself to do other than to assume that he tests positive. It is morally wrong for those who, out of sympathy for t

19、he heartbreaking victims of this epidemic, as though well-wishing and platitudes about the ambiguities of the disease are necessary in order to comfort the victims while they contribute to enlarging the number of those victims. Moral responsibility is the burden of the sick as well as the healthy.As

20、 for whether potential AIDS victims carrying the virus, the author suggests that（） A．they have the right to. be kept in the dark. B．they have the right to be protected. C．ignorance may result in serious consequences. D．ignorance may bring indifference to the disease. 3.Text 3Potential AIDS vi

21、ctims who refuse to be tested for the disease and then defend their right to remain ignorant about whether they carry the virus are entitled to that right. But ignorance cannot be used to rationalize irresponsibility. Nowhere in their argument is their concern about how such ignorance might endanger

22、 public health by exposing others to the virus.When a disease selectively attacks the socially disadvantaged, such as homosexuals and drug abusers, it seems an injustice beyond rationalization. Such is the case with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.Some crucial facts: AIDS is a communicable disea

23、se. The percentage of those infected with the AIDS virus who will eventually contract the disease is unknown, but that percentage rises with each new estimate. The disease so far has been 100 potential. The latency period between the time the virus is acquired and the disease develops is also unknow

24、n.We now have tests for the presence of the virus that is as efficient and reliable as almost any diagnostic test in medicine. An individual who tests positive can be presumed with near-certainty to carry the virus, whether he has the disease or not.To state that the test for AIDS is ambiguous, as a

25、 clergyman recently in public, is a misstatement and an immoral act. The test correlates so consistently with the presence of the virus in bacteria cultures as to be considered 100 percent certain by experts.Everyone who tests positive must understand that he is a potential person for the AIDS virus

26、 and has a moral duty and responsibility to prevent others from infection. We are not just dealing with the protection of the innocent but with an essential step lo contain the spread of an epidemic as horrible as any that has befallen modern man.It may seem unfair to burden the tragic victims with

27、concern for the welfare of others. But moral responsibility is not a luxury of the fortunate, and evil actions committed in despair cannot be condemned out of pity. It is morally wrong for a healthy individual who tests positive for AIDS to be involved with anyone except under the strict precautions

28、 now defined as safe sex.It is morally wrong for someone in a high risk population who refuses to test himself to do other than to assume that he tests positive. It is morally wrong for those who, out of sympathy for the heartbreaking victims of this epidemic, as though well-wishing and platitudes a

29、bout the ambiguities of the disease are necessary in order to comfort the victims while they contribute to enlarging the number of those victims. Moral responsibility is the burden of the sick as well as the healthy.According to experts, the test for AIDS is（） A．100 percent certainty connected wi

30、th the presence of the virus in cultures. B．ambiguous because even they themselves are not certain. C．inaccurate because there are consistently confusing results. D．not connected with the presence of the virus. 4.Text 4Adam Smith, the Scottish professor of moral philosophy, was thrilled by his r

31、ecognition of order in the economic system. His book, the Wealth of Nations (1776), is the germinal book in the field of economics which earned him the title the father of economics.In Smith’s view, a nation’s wealth was dependent upon production, not agriculture alone. How much it produ

32、ced, he believed, depended upon how well it combined labor and the other factors of production. The more efficient the combination, the greater the output, and the greater the nation’s wealth.The essence of Smith’s economic philosophy was his belief that an economy would work best if lef

33、t to function on its own without government regulation. In those circumstances, self-interest would lead business firms to produce only those products that consumers wanted, and to produce them at the lowest possible cost. They would do this, not as a means of benefiting society, but in an effort to

34、 outperform their competitors and gain the greatest profit. But all this self-interest would benefit society as a whole by providing it with more and better goods and service, at the lowest prices.Smith said in his book: Every individual endeavors to employ his capital so that its produce may be of

35、greatest value. He generally doesn’t intend to promote the public interest. He intends only his own security, only his gain. And he is in this led by an invisible hand to promote that which was no part of his intention.The invisible hand was Smiths’ name for the economic forces that we t

36、oday would call supply and demand. Smith agreed with the physiocrats and their policy of laissez faire, letting individuals and businesses function without interference from government regulation. In that way the in-visible hand would be free to guide the economy and maximize production.Smith was ve

37、ry critical of monopolies which restricted the competition that he saw as vital for economic prosperity. He recognized that the virtues of the market mechanism are fully realized only when the checks and balances of perfect competition are present. Perfect competition refers to a market in which no

38、firm or consumer is large enough to affect the market price. The invisible hand theory is about economies in which all the markets are perfectly competitive. In such circumstances, markets will produce an efficient allocation of resources, so that an economy is on its production-possibility frontier

39、. When all industries are subject to the checks and balances of perfect competition, markets can produce an efficient bundle of products with the most efficient techniques and using the minimum amount of inputs. But when monopolies become pervasive, the remarkable efficiency properties of the invisi

40、ble economic philosophy disappear.Which of the following can best summarize the way the author writes the passage（） A．An argument against a popular belief. B．An assumption of a false theory. C．An explanation of a theory. D．An account of a phenomenon. 5.Text 3Potential AIDS victims who refuse

41、to be tested for the disease and then defend their right to remain ignorant about whether they carry the virus are entitled to that right. But ignorance cannot be used to rationalize irresponsibility. Nowhere in their argument is their concern about how such ignorance might endanger public health by

42、 exposing others to the virus.When a disease selectively attacks the socially disadvantaged, such as homosexuals and drug abusers, it seems an injustice beyond rationalization. Such is the case with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.Some crucial facts: AIDS is a communicable disease. The percentag

43、e of those infected with the AIDS virus who will eventually contract the disease is unknown, but that percentage rises with each new estimate. The disease so far has been 100 potential. The latency period between the time the virus is acquired and the disease develops is also unknown.We now have tes

44、ts for the presence of the virus that is as efficient and reliable as almost any diagnostic test in medicine. An individual who tests positive can be presumed with near-certainty to carry the virus, whether he has the disease or not.To state that the test for AIDS is ambiguous, as a clergyman recent

45、ly in public, is a misstatement and an immoral act. The test correlates so consistently with the presence of the virus in bacteria cultures as to be considered 100 percent certain by experts.Everyone who tests positive must understand that he is a potential person for the AIDS virus and has a moral

46、duty and responsibility to prevent others from infection. We are not just dealing with the protection of the innocent but with an essential step lo contain the spread of an epidemic as horrible as any that has befallen modern man.It may seem unfair to burden the tragic victims with concern for the w

47、elfare of others. But moral responsibility is not a luxury of the fortunate, and evil actions committed in despair cannot be condemned out of pity. It is morally wrong for a healthy individual who tests positive for AIDS to be involved with anyone except under the strict precautions now defined as s

48、afe sex.It is morally wrong for someone in a high risk population who refuses to test himself to do other than to assume that he tests positive. It is morally wrong for those who, out of sympathy for the heartbreaking victims of this epidemic, as though well-wishing and platitudes about the ambiguit

49、ies of the disease are necessary in order to comfort the victims while they contribute to enlarging the number of those victims. Moral responsibility is the burden of the sick as well as the healthy.The last three sentences in the passage serve to（） A．restate the author’s purpose in the wri

50、ting. B．blame those who refuse to be tested for AIDS. C．emphasize the importance of the test for AIDS. D．conclude the essay by restating the main arguments. 6.Text 4Adam Smith, the Scottish professor of moral philosophy, was thrilled by his recognition of order in the economic system. His book,

51、the Wealth of Nations (1776), is the germinal book in the field of economics which earned him the title the father of economics.In Smith’s view, a nation’s wealth was dependent upon production, not agriculture alone. How much it produced, he believed, depended upon how well it combined l

52、abor and the other factors of production. The more efficient the combination, the greater the output, and the greater the nation’s wealth.The essence of Smith’s economic philosophy was his belief that an economy would work best if left to function on its own without government regulation

53、. In those circumstances, self-interest would lead business firms to produce only those products that consumers wanted, and to produce them at the lowest possible cost. They would do this, not as a means of benefiting society, but in an effort to outperform their competitors and gain the greatest pr

54、ofit. But all this self-interest would benefit society as a whole by providing it with more and better goods and service, at the lowest prices.Smith said in his book: Every individual endeavors to employ his capital so that its produce may be of greatest value. He generally doesn’t intend to p

55、romote the public interest. He intends only his own security, only his gain. And he is in this led by an invisible hand to promote that which was no part of his intention.The invisible hand was Smiths’ name for the economic forces that we today would call supply and demand. Smith agreed with t

56、he physiocrats and their policy of laissez faire, letting individuals and businesses function without interference from government regulation. In that way the in-visible hand would be free to guide the economy and maximize production.Smith was very critical of monopolies which restricted the competi

57、tion that he saw as vital for economic prosperity. He recognized that the virtues of the market mechanism are fully realized only when the checks and balances of perfect competition are present. Perfect competition refers to a market in which no firm or consumer is large enough to affect the market

58、price. The invisible hand theory is about economies in which all the markets are perfectly competitive. In such circumstances, markets will produce an efficient allocation of resources, so that an economy is on its production-possibility frontier. When all industries are subject to the checks and ba

59、lances of perfect competition, markets can produce an efficient bundle of products with the most efficient techniques and using the minimum amount of inputs. But when monopolies become pervasive, the remarkable efficiency properties of the invisible economic philosophy disappear.In Smith's view, mon

60、opolies（） A．will lead the economy to a stop. B．can hardly realize the checks and balances of competition. C．may bring about a vicious circle of high production and low demand. D．will damage the economy completely. 7.Text 4Adam Smith, the Scottish professor of moral philosophy, was thrilled by

61、 his recognition of order in the economic system. His book, the Wealth of Nations (1776), is the germinal book in the field of economics which earned him the title the father of economics.In Smith’s view, a nation’s wealth was dependent upon production, not agriculture alone. How much it

62、 produced, he believed, depended upon how well it combined labor and the other factors of production. The more efficient the combination, the greater the output, and the greater the nation’s wealth.The essence of Smith’s economic philosophy was his belief that an economy would work best

63、if left to function on its own without government regulation. In those circumstances, self-interest would lead business firms to produce only those products that consumers wanted, and to produce them at the lowest possible cost. They would do this, not as a means of benefiting society, but in an eff

64、ort to outperform their competitors and gain the greatest profit. But all this self-interest would benefit society as a whole by providing it with more and better goods and service, at the lowest prices.Smith said in his book: Every individual endeavors to employ his capital so that its produce may

65、be of greatest value. He generally doesn’t intend to promote the public interest. He intends only his own security, only his gain. And he is in this led by an invisible hand to promote that which was no part of his intention.The invisible hand was Smiths’ name for the economic forces tha

66、t we today would call supply and demand. Smith agreed with the physiocrats and their policy of laissez faire, letting individuals and businesses function without interference from government regulation. In that way the in-visible hand would be free to guide the economy and maximize production.Smith was very critical of monopolies which restricted the competition that he saw as vital for economic prosperity. He recognized that the virtues of the market mechanism are fully realized only when the c