2023年河南考研英语考试考前冲刺卷

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1、2023年河南考研英语考试考前冲刺卷 本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。 一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree? A：[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk。 B：[B] Black English can be more expr

2、essive than standard English。 C：[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining。 D：[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas。 2.The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s A：[A] interest in their language. B：[B]

3、appreciation of their efforts。 C：[C] admiration for their memory. D：[D]contempt for their old-fashionedness。 3.According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as A：[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”。 B：[B] “radical ”is to “conservative”。 C：[C] “functional ” is to “artistic”。 D：[D

4、] “humble” is to “noble”。 E：2. The word“talking”(Line 6, Paragraph3) denotes “talking”(第三段第六行)一词表示[A] modesty. 谦虚。 [B] personality. 个性。 [C] liveliness. 活泼。 [D] informality. 非正式。 D 语义题。 考生必须利用上下文推测单词意思，在原文中首先找到这句话，然后仔细研读，最后才能够体会出这个单词的意思。第三段首先提到“做我们自己的事情”的结果是规范的演讲、作品、诗歌和音乐的死亡。然后提到在20世纪60年代以前那些受过一般教育的

5、人在写作时都用比较高雅的语气，最后又说那些被认为是最重要的作品都试图表现出口语的特色，“talking”战胜了演讲，即兴战胜了技巧。而口语化的特点就是非正式。 4.Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his rev

6、olutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are pa

7、rt of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line。” And one leading authority says that, these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. “It’s your dream,” says Rosalin

8、d Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it。” A：Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—when most vivid dreams occur—as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the Uni

9、versity of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay

10、 with us all day”， says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement。 B：The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are wo

11、rking through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events—until, it appea 5.By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show A：[A] its function in our drea

12、ms。 B：[B] the mechanism of REM sleep。 C：[C] the relation of dreams to emotions。 D：[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex。 6.The negative feelings generated during the day tend to A：[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind。 B：[B] develop into happy dreams。 C：[C] persist till the time we fa

13、ll asleep。 D：[D] show up in dreams early at night。 7.Cartwright seems to suggest that A：[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams。 B：[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control。 C：[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression。 D：[D] dreams may not e

14、ntirely belong to the unconscious。 8.What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams? A：[A] Lead your life as usual。 B：[B] Seek professional help。 C：[C] Exercise conscious control。 D：[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime。 E：7. By referring to the limbic system, the author i

15、ntends to show作者提及边缘系统是为了说明[A] its function in our dreams. 它在我们梦中的功能。[B] the mechanism of REM sleep. 快速眼睛运动睡眠的机制。[C] the relation of dreams to emotions. 梦和情绪的关系。[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex.. 它和前额皮层的区别。 C 推断题。 在第二段第三句中可以找到边缘系统及其含义，然后根据上下文谈论的内容，如上文的“情感大脑”和下文的专家的话，从而判断出答案是选项[C]。其他的三项，

16、文中提到“边缘系统属于情感大脑”，但是并没有说它在梦中的功能，所以选项[A]不正确。文中对快速眼睛运动睡眠只不过给了个简单的词汇解释，并没有对其机制进行任何的讲解，故选项[B]扩大了范围。文中提到“前额皮层”，说它是智力和推理中心，但是没有讲解它和边缘系统的关系，所以选项[D]也属于典型的无中生有型干扰项。 9.Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry－William Shakespeare－but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile br

17、anches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC)， which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s bi

18、rthplace and the other sights。 A：The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns t

19、heir living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise -making。 B：The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to f

20、ind a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.

21、The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall。 C：The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not co 10.It can be inferred from Para 3 that A：[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately。 B：[B] the playgoers spend more money than the

22、 sightseers。 C：[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers。 D：[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater。 11.According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because A：[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending。 B：[B] the company is financially

23、 ill-managed。 C：[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable。 D：[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise。 12.From the text we can conclude that the author A：[A] is supportive of both sides。 B：[B] favors the townsfolk’s view。 C：[C] takes a detached attitude。 D：[D] is sympathetic

24、to the RSC。 E：2.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that 从第三段中可以推断出[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately。观光客不能分别参观城堡或者宫殿。[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers。来看戏的人花的钱比观光者花费多。[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers。观光者的购物比来看戏的人多。[D] the

25、 playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater。来看戏的人除了剧院哪里也不去。 B 推断题。 本段关键词“第三段”。[B]试图比较谁花的钱多，可以定位到第三段第二和第三句，文中提及观光客通常不看戏。而来看戏的人通常的确会进行一些观光。而且后一句说“剧院认为，他们为镇上带来了最多的税收，因为来看戏的人会花很多的钱在酒店和饭店。”这样一来不难判断，[B]是正确的。[A]中提到城堡、宫殿，可以定位到第三段第二句，“乘车来的观光客经常会顺道去参观沃维城堡和布伦亨宫。他们通常不看戏，有人甚至会惊讶地发现在斯特拉 13.Accordin

26、g to the author, the department stores of the 19th century A：[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture。 B：[B] became intimate shops for common consumers。 C：[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite。 D：[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption。 14.The text suggests tha

27、t immigrants now in the U.S。 A：[A] are resistant to homogenization。 B：[B] exert a great influence on American culture。 C：[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture。 D：[D] constitute the majority of the population。 15.Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5? A

28、：[A] To prove their popularity around the world。 B：[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants。 C：[C] To give examples of successful immigrants。 D：[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture。 16.In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is A：[A] re

29、warding. B：[B] successful. C：[C]. fruitless. D：[D]. harmful。 E：7. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th-century 在作者看来，19世纪的商场[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture. 在传播流行文化方面发挥了作用。[B] became intimate shops for common consumers. 成为了和普通消费者关系亲密的商店。[C] satisfied the

30、needs of a knowledgeable elite. 满足了知识精英的需要。[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption. 其出现归功于消费文化。 A 事实细节题。 题干关键词“department stores”出现在第一段第三句，该句子的意思是“人们沉迷于一种始于19世纪的商场的消费文化”。随后进一步解释说“商场和那些精品店不一样，是人人都可以去的，购物变成了一种民主和公众的活动”。也就是说，商场对于流行文化的传播起到了推动的作用，故[A]为本题的正确答案。[B]的错误在于它故意将那些迎合精英人士的精品店与其顾客的那种亲

31、密的关系用在商场与普通消费者的关系上。[C]的错误在于商场满足的是普通大众的需要，而不是那些知识精英的需要。至于[D]，它故意颠倒了因果关系，商场的出现推动了流行文 17.Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists' only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad。 A：This wasn't always so. The earlie

32、st forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth's daffodils to Baudelaire's flowers of evil。 B：You could argue that

33、 art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it's not as if earlier times didn't know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today。 C：After all,

34、 what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology。 D：People in earlier er

35、as were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived 18.The word “bummer” (Line 5. paragraph 5) most probably means something A：[A] religious. B：[B] unpleasant. C：[C] entertaining. D：[D] commercial。 19.In the author’s opinion, advertising A：[A] emerges in the wake of

36、the anti-happy art。 B：[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public。 C：[C] replaces the church as a major source of information。 D：[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself。 20.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes A：[A].happiness more o

37、ften than not ends in sadness。 B：[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful by refreshing。 C：[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied。 D：[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms。 21.When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large anim

38、als: they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. A：That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom

39、Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but

40、 rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halve

41、d again since then。 B：Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea i

42、s being caught, so th 22.We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that A：[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%。 B：[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago。 C：[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original

43、amount。 D：[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old。 23.By saying “these figures are conservative” (Line 1, Paragraph 3)， Dr. Worm means that A：[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly。 B：[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded。 C：[C] t

44、he marine biomass has suffered a greater loss。 D：[D] the data collected so far are out of date。. 24.Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that A：[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time。 B：[B] fisheries should keep the yields below 50% of the biomass。 C：[C] the ocean

45、 biomass should be restored to its original level。 D：[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation。 25.Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanes

46、e are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hard-working and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next。 A：The coming of age of the p

47、ostwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5

48、percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed。 B：While often praised by

49、foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression。“Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity―are completely ignored,” says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman o

50、f the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee。“Frustration against thi 26.According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society? A：[A]Women's participation in social activities is limited。 B：[B]More workers are dissatisfied with their job

51、s。 C：[C]Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics。 D：[D]The life-style has been influenced by Western values。 27.Which of the following is true according to the author? A：[A]Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder B：[B]Japanese education is characteriz

52、ed by mechanical learning as well as creativity。 C：[C]More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity。 D：[D]Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking。 28.The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that____ A：[A]the young are less tolerant of discomforts i

53、n life。 B：[B]the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S。 C：[C]the Japanese endure more than ever before D：[D]the Japanese appreciate their present life 29.Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer th

54、is painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project。 A：Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement abo

55、ut what in the world those readers really want。 B：ut the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that

56、provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news。 C：There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnair

57、es were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions。 D：Replies show that compared with ot 30.The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to

58、 be 。 A：[A]quite trustworthy B：[B]somewhat contradictory C：[C]very illuminating D：[D]rather superficial 31.The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their____ A：[A]working attitude B：[B]conventional lifestyle C：[C]world outlook D：[D]educational background 32.Des

59、pite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its____ A：[A]failure to realize its real problem B：[B]tendency to hire annoying reporters C：[C]likeliness to do inaccurate reporting D：[D]prejudice in matters of race and gender 33.A history of long and effortles

60、s success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scal

61、e. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed. It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitab

62、ly, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one

63、 American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Kor A：ll of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly

64、 begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas。 B：How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on

65、five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “ American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be

66、 more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government,“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity 34.What can be inferred from the passage? A：[A]It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride。 B：[B]Intense competition may contribute to economic progress。 C：[C]The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation。 D：[D]A long history of success may pave th