2023年山西大学英语考试考前冲刺卷（8）

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1、2023年山西大学英语考试考前冲刺卷（8）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.It can be inferred from the

2、 conversation that the manAis very intelligent.Benjoys great popularity.Cis a gifted baseball player.Dstill faces stiff competition. 2.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.Ju

3、les Vernes stories about the future inventions were based onAhis knowledge of science and his own experiences in adventure.Bhis imagination and his love for science.Chis own experiences in adventure and his imagination.Dhis knowledge of science and his imagination. 3.Questions 14 to 17 are based on

4、the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.What is the regulation regarding the raising of the American National FlagAIt should be raised by soldiers.BIt should be raised quickly by hand.CIt should be raised only

5、 by Americans.DIt should be raised by mechanical means. 4.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.How long will the woman have to stay away from workANot too long.B

6、Eight weeks or less.CNo more than eight weeks.DMore than eight weeks. 5.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.According to the passage, the work of Youth Summit refers toAvisi

7、ts to the Nixon Library.Bthe Chinese students visit to the U.S.Ca meeting discussing relations between China and the U.S.Dactivities to strengthen the ties between the Chinese and American students. 6.Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will

8、 be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.Rory McDonald recommends Christina Hudson to buyAa kilt.Bsweaters and whiskey.Csouvenirs.Da kilt and local whiskey. 7.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 s

9、econds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.Jules Vernes descriptions about future inventions wereAoften correct.Btotally accurate.Centirely wrong.Dmerely fairy stories. 8.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to

10、 answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.How should the American National Flag be displayed at an unveiling ceremonyAIt should be attached to the statue.BIt should be hung from the top of the monument.CIt should be spread over the object to be unveiled.DIt should be carried high up in the a

11、ir. 9.Questions 21 to 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.What is Egyptian President Hosni Mubaraks vision of reformAIt should be radical and rapid to take effect.BIt should be gradual and prud

12、ent instead of excessively hasty.CPolitical and economic reform should keep hand in hand.DEconomic reform is essential for political reform. 10.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the p

13、assage.The student from Shanghai thought about the time 25 years ago because it was the time whenANixon died.BNixon visited China.CNixon became U.S. president.DNixon started building the library in his nam 11.Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation,

14、you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.Which of the following is INCORRECT about Rory McDonaldAHe has always lived in Edinburgh.BHe wears a kilt.CHe is head of the McDonald clan.DHe is proud of his homelandScotlan 12.Questions 24 and 25 are based on the

15、 following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.Which of the following details is CORRECTABrazil features The Beautiful Game.BBrazil will be beaten in the first round this year.CGermany has beaten Brazil 4 years ago.DGermany

16、 won the last World Cup. 13.Questions 21 to 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.What has partly overshadowed the Egypts hosting of the World Economic ForumAA slow pace of change in Egypt.BHundr

17、eds of activists being in prison.CA crackdown on dissent that preceded the Forum.DDemonstrations held in the streets to support judges. 14.Question 26 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now, listen to the news.AMore than 4

18、0 settlements.BMore than 14 settlements.CMore than 20 settlements.DMore than 12 settlements. 15.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.Which of the following is CORRECT about t

19、he use of the American National FlagAThere has been a lot of controversy over the use of flag.BThe best athletes can wear uniforms with the design of the flag.CThere are precise regulations and customs to be followed.DAmericans can print the flag on their cushions or handkerchiefs. 16.Questions 18 t

20、o 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.What is the passage mainly aboutAThe China-U.S. relations.BThe Nixon Library.CPresident Nixon.DThe Youth Summit. 17.Questions 24 and 25 are based on th

21、e following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.How many times has Brazil won the championship in the World CupA2.B3.C4.D5. 18.Questions 21 to 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be giv

22、en 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.Who has the group Human Rights Watch thought the suppression of dissent will alienateADemonstrators.BBusiness leaders.CInvestors and activists.DPro-reform judges. 19.Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the

23、news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.How many unidentified bodies are likely to be BurmeseASeveral.B80.CMore than 800.DSeveral hundre 20.Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds

24、to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.When did the term lobbyist become popularAIn the early to mid 18th century.BIn the early to mid 19th century.CIn the early 19th century.DIn the early 18th century. 21.The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive sme

25、llers compared with animals, (31) this is largely because, (32) animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are (33) to perceiving those smells which float through the air, (34) the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, (35) , we are extremely sensitive to smells, (36) we do

26、not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of (37) human smells even when these are (38) to far below one part in one million. Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, (39) others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some pe

27、ople do not have the genes necessary to generate (40) smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send (41) to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell (42) can suddenly become sensitive to it when (43) to it often en

28、ough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it (44) to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can (45) new receptors if necessary. This may (46) explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smellswe simply do not need to be. We are not (47) of

29、the usual smell of our own house, but we (48) new smells when we visit someone elses. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors (49) for unfamiliar and emergency signals (50) the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.AalthoughBasCbutDwhile 22.Our _ sensitivity decreases with

30、age. By age 60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to smell and 50 percent of their taste buds.A. sensibleB. senselessC. sensitiveD. sensory 23.Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now,

31、listen to the news.The surviving Burmese faced the following problems after the tsunami EXCEPTAthey had no jobs.Btheir homes and belongings were gone.Cit was difficult for them to be registered.Dthey were unable to get government ai 24.Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end

32、of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.Which of the following details is INCORRECTAThe art of lobbying politicians has a rather long history in U.S.BAmericans have the fights to petition the government.CJack Abramoff was charged with corruptio

33、n.DThe line between lobbying and bribery is vagu 25.The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, (31) this is largely because, (32) animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are (33) to perceiving those smells which float

34、 through the air, (34) the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, (35) , we are extremely sensitive to smells, (36) we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of (37) human smells even when these are (38) to far below one part in one million. Strangely, some people find that

35、 they can smell one type of flower but not another, (39) others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate (40) smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send (41) to the brain. Howe

36、ver, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell (42) can suddenly become sensitive to it when (43) to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it (44) to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can (45) new receptor

37、s if necessary. This may (46) explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smellswe simply do not need to be. We are not (47) of the usual smell of our own house, but we (48) new smells when we visit someone elses. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors (49) for unfamiliar and emerge

38、ncy signals (50) the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.AaboveBunlikeCexcludingDbesides 26.Although numbers of animals in a given region may fluctuate from year to year, the fluctuations are often temporary and, over long periods, trivial. Scientists have advanced three theories

39、 of population control to account for this relative constancy. The first theory attributes a relatively constant population to periodic climatic catastrophes that decimate populations with such frequency as to prevent them from exceeding some particular limit. In the case of small organisms with sho

40、rt life cycles, climatic changes need not be catastrophic: normal seasonal changes in photoperiod (daily amount of sunlight), for example, can govern population growth. This theorythe density independent viewasserts that climatic factors exert the same regulatory effect on population regardless of t

41、he number of individuals in a region. A second theory argues that population growth is primarily density-dependentthat is, the rate of growth of a population in a region decreases as the number of animals increases. The mechanisms that manage regulation may vary. For example, as numbers increase, th

42、e food supply would probably diminish, which would increase mortality. In addition, as Lotka and Volterra have shown, predators can find prey more easily in high-density populations. Other regulators include physiological control mechanisms: for example, Christian and Davis have demonstrated how the

43、 crowding that results from a rise in numbers may bring about hormonal changes in the pituitary (垂体) and adrenal glands (肾上腺) that in turn may regulate population by lowering sexual activity and inhibiting sexual maturation. There is evidence that these effects may persist for three generations in t

44、he absence of the original provocation. One challenge for density-dependent theorists is to develop models that would allow the precise prediction of the effects of crowding. A third theory, proposed by Wynne-Edwards and termed epideictic, argues that organisms have evolved a code in the form of soc

45、ial or epideictic behavior displays, such as winter roosting aggregations or group vocalizing; such codes provide organisms with information on population size in a region so that they can, if necessary, exercise reproductive restraint. However, Wynne-Edwards theory, linking animal social behavior a

46、nd population control, has been challenged, with some justification, by several studies.Which of the following may be a density-independent factor that affects animal populationAFamine.BTornadoes.CThe number of predators.DThe variety of food supply. 27.Science is committed to the universal. A sign o

47、f this is that the more successful a science becomes, the broader the agreement about its basic concepts. There is not a separate Chinese or American or Soviet thermodynamics, for example; there is simply thermodynamics. For several decades of the twentieth century there was a Western and a Soviet g

48、enetics, the latter associated with Lysenkos theory that environmental stress can produce genetic mutations. Today Lysenkos theory is discredited, and there is now only one genetics. As the corollary of science, technology also exhibits the universalizing tendency. This is why the spread of technolo

49、gy makes the world look ever more homogeneous. Architectural styles, dress styles, musical styleseven eating stylestend increasingly to be world styles. The world looks more homogeneous because it is more homogeneous. Children who grow up in this world therefore experience it as a sameness rather th

50、an a diversity, and because their identities are shaped by this sameness, their sense of differences among cultures and individuals diminishes. As buildings become more alike, the people who inhabit the buildings become more alike. The result is described precisely in a phrase that is already famili

51、ar: the disappearance of history. The automobile illustrates the point with great clarity. A technological innovation like streamlining or allwelded body construction may be rejected initially, but if it is important to the efficiency, or economics of automobiles, it will reappear in different ways

52、until it is not only accepted but universally regarded as an asset. Todays automobile is no longer unique to a given company or even to a given national culture, its basic features are found, with variations, in automobiles in general, no matter who makes them. As in architecture, so in automaking.

53、In a given cost range, the same technology tends to produce the same solutions. The visual evidence for this is as obvious for cars as for buildings. Today, if you choose models in the same price range, you will be hard put at 500 paces to tell one make from another. In other words, the specifically

54、 American traits that lingered in American automobiles in the 1960straits that linked American cars to American historyare disappearing. Even the Volkswagen Beetle has disappeared and has taken with it the visible evidence of the history of streamlining that extends from DArcy Thompson to Carl Breer

55、 to Ferdinand Porsche. If man creates machines, machines in turn shape their creators. As the automobile is universalized, it universalizes those who use it. Like the World Car he drives, modern man is becoming universal. No longer quite an individual, no longer quite the product of a unique geograp

56、hy and culture, he moves from one climatecontrolled shopping mall to another, one airport to the next, from one Holiday Inn to its successor three hundred miles down the road; but somehow his location never changes. He is cosmopolitan. The price he pays is that he no longer has a home in the traditi

57、onal sense of the word. The benefit is that he begins to suspect home on the traditional sense is another name for limitations, and that home in the modern sense is everywhere and always surrounded by neighbors.When a science is becoming more advanced,Athere will be clearer difference among the scie

58、nces of various countries.Bthere will be more scientists compete with each other.Cpeople will increasingly believe in science.Dmore people will agree on its basic concepts. 28.Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems. First, it is the poorest of the poor. Only paltry sums are available f

59、or excavating and even less is available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day. Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder. I would like

60、 to make an outrageous suggestion that would at one stroke provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging. I would propose that scientific archeological expeditions and governmental authorities sell excavated artifacts on the open market. Such sales would provide substantial

61、funds for the excavation and preservation of archaeological sites and the publication of results. At the same time, they would break the illegal excavators grip on the market, thereby decreasing the inducement to engage in illegal activities. You might object that professionals excavate to acquire k

62、nowledge, not money. Moreover, ancient artifacts are part of our global cultural heritage, which should be available for all to appreciate, not sold to the highest bidder. I agree. Sell nothing that has unique artistic merit or scientific value. But, you might reply, everything that comes out of the

63、 ground has scientific value. Here we part company. Theoretically, you may be correct in claiming that every artifact has potential scientific value. Practically, you are wrong. I refer to the thousands of pottery vessels and ancient lamps that are essentially duplicates of one another. In one small excavation in Cyprus, archaeologists recently uncovered 2,000 virtually indistinguishable small jugs in a single courtyard. Even precious royal seal impressions have been