2023年湖南公共英语考试真题卷（4）

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1、2023年湖南公共英语考试真题卷（4）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Most people who travel long distance complain of jet-lag. Jet-lag makes business travelers less productive and more prone (21) making mistakes. It is actually caused by (22) of your body clock a small clus

2、ter of brain cells that controls the timing of biological (23) . The body clock is designed for a (24) rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it (25) daylight and darkness at the wrong times in a new time zone. The (26) of jet-lag often persist for days (27) the in

3、ternal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone.Now a new anti-jet-lag system is (28) that is based on proven (29) pioneering scientific research. Dr. Martin Moore-Ede had (30) a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone (31) controlled exposure to bright lig

4、ht. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates (32) of the discomfort of jet-lag.A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either (33) or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jet-lag worse. The proper schedule (34) light exp

5、osure depends a great deal on (35) travel plans.Data on a specific flight itinerary and the individual’s sleep (36) are used to produce a Trip Guide with (37) on exactly when to be exposed to bright light.When the Trip Guide calls (38) bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible. I

6、f it is dark outside, or the weather is bad, (39) you are on an aeroplane, you can use a special light device to provide the necessary light (40) for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.40().AextensiveBtentativeCbroadDinclusive2.It is because of his plays that Shakespeare i

7、s now considered the greatest English writer in history. The era in which he lived, Elizabethan England, was a time in which broad interests and creativity could flourish. Elizabeth, the queen, was beloved by her subjects and proved to be a powerful and able ruler. Under the reign of Elizabeth, Engl

8、and changed from an island kingdom to an expanding empire. England grew rich through trade. 16th-century Englishmen traveled to the New World and to Africa. Music, dance, poetry, painting, and architecture flourished; but the art form in which Elizabethan England distinguished the rest of Europe was

9、 the theater.The theater, which had practically disappeared from Europe, was, at this time, received as a part of the church service. Later, no longer as a part of the service, the mystery plays responded to popular taste by adding more and more comic elements. In England, they were sponsored by var

10、ious trade guilds and presented on stage wagons that went from place to place. When the mystery plays began to lose their appeal, they were replaced by morality plays which always taught a moral.In Renaissance England, writers were particularly interested in classical texts such as Latin and Greek p

11、lays. Schools and universities began to produce comedies and tragedies by Platus, Terence, and Seneca. Shakespeare was well acquainted with classical humanities and classical tragedies and comedies often served as models in his own drama. A Renaissance man, Shakespeare’s interest went beyond b

12、ook learning to practical knowledge of military strategy, seafaring, business affairs, and the new geographical discoveries, all evident in his plays.Companies of strolling plays which had specialized in morality plays responded to the change by staging new plays. Professional actors, who had been v

13、iewed by English society as little better than vagrants or criminals, gradually came under the protection of the nobility. Licensed theater companies were formed; Shakespeare belonged to one of those, where in addition to his writing, he acquired a wide experience in acting and theater management.Th

14、e theater grew in popularity and public theaters were built, not inside the city limits but just outside, along with other places of entertainment. Theaters in Elizabethan England were patronized by all social classes. The Globe Theater, built in 1599, where many of Shakespeare’s plays were pe

15、rformed, had a platform stage jutting out into a central courtyard. The audience stay around three sides of this platform - the lower-class who each paid a penny in the pit and the wealthier spectators in the galleries above. The orchestra was on stage, as music was usually a significant part of the

16、 production. Indeed, the costumes, scenery, singing, playing, and dancing, as well as acting was essential to the total show. There was no lighting, however, plays were performed in the afternoon. Shakespeare knew his audience: his theater is addressed not just to the educated but to all classes of

17、society.The underlined word patronized in Paragraph 5 means ().AenjoyedBsponsoredCencouragedDpromoted3.It is because of his plays that Shakespeare is now considered the greatest English writer in history. The era in which he lived, Elizabethan England, was a time in which broad interests and creativ

18、ity could flourish. Elizabeth, the queen, was beloved by her subjects and proved to be a powerful and able ruler. Under the reign of Elizabeth, England changed from an island kingdom to an expanding empire. England grew rich through trade. 16th-century Englishmen traveled to the New World and to Afr

19、ica. Music, dance, poetry, painting, and architecture flourished; but the art form in which Elizabethan England distinguished the rest of Europe was the theater.The theater, which had practically disappeared from Europe, was, at this time, received as a part of the church service. Later, no longer a

20、s a part of the service, the mystery plays responded to popular taste by adding more and more comic elements. In England, they were sponsored by various trade guilds and presented on stage wagons that went from place to place. When the mystery plays began to lose their appeal, they were replaced by

21、morality plays which always taught a moral.In Renaissance England, writers were particularly interested in classical texts such as Latin and Greek plays. Schools and universities began to produce comedies and tragedies by Platus, Terence, and Seneca. Shakespeare was well acquainted with classical hu

22、manities and classical tragedies and comedies often served as models in his own drama. A Renaissance man, Shakespeare’s interest went beyond book learning to practical knowledge of military strategy, seafaring, business affairs, and the new geographical discoveries, all evident in his plays.Co

23、mpanies of strolling plays which had specialized in morality plays responded to the change by staging new plays. Professional actors, who had been viewed by English society as little better than vagrants or criminals, gradually came under the protection of the nobility. Licensed theater companies we

24、re formed; Shakespeare belonged to one of those, where in addition to his writing, he acquired a wide experience in acting and theater management.The theater grew in popularity and public theaters were built, not inside the city limits but just outside, along with other places of entertainment. Thea

25、ters in Elizabethan England were patronized by all social classes. The Globe Theater, built in 1599, where many of Shakespeare’s plays were performed, had a platform stage jutting out into a central courtyard. The audience stay around three sides of this platform - the lower-class who each pai

26、d a penny in the pit and the wealthier spectators in the galleries above. The orchestra was on stage, as music was usually a significant part of the production. Indeed, the costumes, scenery, singing, playing, and dancing, as well as acting was essential to the total show. There was no lighting, how

27、ever, plays were performed in the afternoon. Shakespeare knew his audience: his theater is addressed not just to the educated but to all classes of society.According to the passage, the theater ().Afirst appeared in EnglandBhad various typesCwere only sponsored by the nobilityDfollowed two classical

28、 rules4.It is because of his plays that Shakespeare is now considered the greatest English writer in history. The era in which he lived, Elizabethan England, was a time in which broad interests and creativity could flourish. Elizabeth, the queen, was beloved by her subjects and proved to be a powerf

29、ul and able ruler. Under the reign of Elizabeth, England changed from an island kingdom to an expanding empire. England grew rich through trade. 16th-century Englishmen traveled to the New World and to Africa. Music, dance, poetry, painting, and architecture flourished; but the art form in which Eli

30、zabethan England distinguished the rest of Europe was the theater.The theater, which had practically disappeared from Europe, was, at this time, received as a part of the church service. Later, no longer as a part of the service, the mystery plays responded to popular taste by adding more and more c

31、omic elements. In England, they were sponsored by various trade guilds and presented on stage wagons that went from place to place. When the mystery plays began to lose their appeal, they were replaced by morality plays which always taught a moral.In Renaissance England, writers were particularly in

32、terested in classical texts such as Latin and Greek plays. Schools and universities began to produce comedies and tragedies by Platus, Terence, and Seneca. Shakespeare was well acquainted with classical humanities and classical tragedies and comedies often served as models in his own drama. A Renais

33、sance man, Shakespeare’s interest went beyond book learning to practical knowledge of military strategy, seafaring, business affairs, and the new geographical discoveries, all evident in his plays.Companies of strolling plays which had specialized in morality plays responded to the change by s

34、taging new plays. Professional actors, who had been viewed by English society as little better than vagrants or criminals, gradually came under the protection of the nobility. Licensed theater companies were formed; Shakespeare belonged to one of those, where in addition to his writing, he acquired

35、a wide experience in acting and theater management.The theater grew in popularity and public theaters were built, not inside the city limits but just outside, along with other places of entertainment. Theaters in Elizabethan England were patronized by all social classes. The Globe Theater, built in

36、1599, where many of Shakespeare’s plays were performed, had a platform stage jutting out into a central courtyard. The audience stay around three sides of this platform - the lower-class who each paid a penny in the pit and the wealthier spectators in the galleries above. The orchestra was on

37、stage, as music was usually a significant part of the production. Indeed, the costumes, scenery, singing, playing, and dancing, as well as acting was essential to the total show. There was no lighting, however, plays were performed in the afternoon. Shakespeare knew his audience: his theater is addr

38、essed not just to the educated but to all classes of society.Which of the following statements may NOT be the reason for Shakespeares success ()AHe lived in the Elizabethan Age.BHe was quite wealthy.CHe had broad interest.DHe was experienced in acting and theater management.5.It is because of his pl

39、ays that Shakespeare is now considered the greatest English writer in history. The era in which he lived, Elizabethan England, was a time in which broad interests and creativity could flourish. Elizabeth, the queen, was beloved by her subjects and proved to be a powerful and able ruler. Under the re

40、ign of Elizabeth, England changed from an island kingdom to an expanding empire. England grew rich through trade. 16th-century Englishmen traveled to the New World and to Africa. Music, dance, poetry, painting, and architecture flourished; but the art form in which Elizabethan England distinguished

41、the rest of Europe was the theater.The theater, which had practically disappeared from Europe, was, at this time, received as a part of the church service. Later, no longer as a part of the service, the mystery plays responded to popular taste by adding more and more comic elements. In England, they

42、 were sponsored by various trade guilds and presented on stage wagons that went from place to place. When the mystery plays began to lose their appeal, they were replaced by morality plays which always taught a moral.In Renaissance England, writers were particularly interested in classical texts suc

43、h as Latin and Greek plays. Schools and universities began to produce comedies and tragedies by Platus, Terence, and Seneca. Shakespeare was well acquainted with classical humanities and classical tragedies and comedies often served as models in his own drama. A Renaissance man, Shakespeare’s

44、interest went beyond book learning to practical knowledge of military strategy, seafaring, business affairs, and the new geographical discoveries, all evident in his plays.Companies of strolling plays which had specialized in morality plays responded to the change by staging new plays. Professional

45、actors, who had been viewed by English society as little better than vagrants or criminals, gradually came under the protection of the nobility. Licensed theater companies were formed; Shakespeare belonged to one of those, where in addition to his writing, he acquired a wide experience in acting and

46、 theater management.The theater grew in popularity and public theaters were built, not inside the city limits but just outside, along with other places of entertainment. Theaters in Elizabethan England were patronized by all social classes. The Globe Theater, built in 1599, where many of Shakespeare

47、’s plays were performed, had a platform stage jutting out into a central courtyard. The audience stay around three sides of this platform - the lower-class who each paid a penny in the pit and the wealthier spectators in the galleries above. The orchestra was on stage, as music was usually a s

48、ignificant part of the production. Indeed, the costumes, scenery, singing, playing, and dancing, as well as acting was essential to the total show. There was no lighting, however, plays were performed in the afternoon. Shakespeare knew his audience: his theater is addressed not just to the educated

49、but to all classes of society.Shakespeares plays ().Awere enjoyable to all the classes of societyBwere performed all day longCwere presented on stage wagonsDcopied the Latin and Greek plays6.It is because of his plays that Shakespeare is now considered the greatest English writer in history. The era

50、 in which he lived, Elizabethan England, was a time in which broad interests and creativity could flourish. Elizabeth, the queen, was beloved by her subjects and proved to be a powerful and able ruler. Under the reign of Elizabeth, England changed from an island kingdom to an expanding empire. Engla

51、nd grew rich through trade. 16th-century Englishmen traveled to the New World and to Africa. Music, dance, poetry, painting, and architecture flourished; but the art form in which Elizabethan England distinguished the rest of Europe was the theater.The theater, which had practically disappeared from

52、 Europe, was, at this time, received as a part of the church service. Later, no longer as a part of the service, the mystery plays responded to popular taste by adding more and more comic elements. In England, they were sponsored by various trade guilds and presented on stage wagons that went from p

53、lace to place. When the mystery plays began to lose their appeal, they were replaced by morality plays which always taught a moral.In Renaissance England, writers were particularly interested in classical texts such as Latin and Greek plays. Schools and universities began to produce comedies and tra

54、gedies by Platus, Terence, and Seneca. Shakespeare was well acquainted with classical humanities and classical tragedies and comedies often served as models in his own drama. A Renaissance man, Shakespeare’s interest went beyond book learning to practical knowledge of military strategy, seafar

55、ing, business affairs, and the new geographical discoveries, all evident in his plays.Companies of strolling plays which had specialized in morality plays responded to the change by staging new plays. Professional actors, who had been viewed by English society as little better than vagrants or crimi

56、nals, gradually came under the protection of the nobility. Licensed theater companies were formed; Shakespeare belonged to one of those, where in addition to his writing, he acquired a wide experience in acting and theater management.The theater grew in popularity and public theaters were built, not

57、 inside the city limits but just outside, along with other places of entertainment. Theaters in Elizabethan England were patronized by all social classes. The Globe Theater, built in 1599, where many of Shakespeare’s plays were performed, had a platform stage jutting out into a central courtya

58、rd. The audience stay around three sides of this platform - the lower-class who each paid a penny in the pit and the wealthier spectators in the galleries above. The orchestra was on stage, as music was usually a significant part of the production. Indeed, the costumes, scenery, singing, playing, an

59、d dancing, as well as acting was essential to the total show. There was no lighting, however, plays were performed in the afternoon. Shakespeare knew his audience: his theater is addressed not just to the educated but to all classes of society.Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the Elizabethan

60、 England ()ABroad interests and creativity flourished.BEnglish people began to travel to the Continent.CThe theater was the most prominent art form.DEngland was no longer an island kingdom.7.Earthquakes are the most lethal of all natural disasters. What causes them Geologists explain them in terms o

61、f a theory known as plate tectonics. Continents are floating apart from each other, this is referred to as the continental drift. About sixty miles below the surface of the sea, there is a semimolten bed of rock over which plates, or slabs, carry continents and sea floors at a rate of several inches

62、 a year. As the plates separate from each other, a new sea floor is formed by the molten matter that was formerly beneath. Volcanic islands and large mountain ranges are created by this type of movement. The collision of plates causes geological instability such as that in California called the San

63、Andreas Fault, located between the Pacific and North American plates. The plates there are constantly pushing and pulling adjacent plates, thereby creating constant tremors and a potential for earthquakes in the area.Geologists would like to be able to predict earthquakes accurately. Using laser bea

64、ms, seismographs, gravity-measuring devices, and radio telescopes, they are presently studying the San Andreas Fault to determine the rate of strain and the amount of ground slippage. Calculations indicate that sometime within the next ten years, California will be struck by a major earthquake.In sp

65、ite of the geologists’ theory of plate tectonics, there are still gaps in man’s understanding and knowledge of the causes of earthquakes. Powerful earthquakes have occurred in places where plate boundaries are hundreds of miles away. In the 1800s, New Madrid, Missouri and Charleston, Sou

66、th Carolina, were shaken by earthquakes that no one had foreseen.Certain areas of the world are quake prone. Italy, Yugoslavia, and Algeria have experienced many quakes. In November 1980, Naples was struck by an especially devastating quake. China and Japan have also been hit by horrendous quakes. In 1923, Tokyo and Yokohama were reduced to rubble by gigantic tremors