第三讲： 代词(精品)

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1、第三讲：常考专题 代词一、人称代词1.人称代词的主格、宾格，表格如下：数人称格单数复数一二三一二三主格IyouShe, he, itweyouthey宾格meyouher , him , itusyouthem人称代词的主格在句中充当主语。I love my country. She is a good student.人称代词的宾格在句中充当动词、介词的宾语或表语。I dont know her. His mother is waiting for him outside. Who is it? Its me.3. 人称代词的语序几个人称代词并列充当主语时，他们的顺序是：单数形式（二、三、一

2、） you, he and I 复数形式（一、二、三） we, you and they二、物主代词1. 物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，表格如下：数人称词义类型单数复数一二三一二三我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs2. 形容词性物主代词在句中做定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。His parents are both office workers. My name is Jack3. 名词性物主代词常用来避免前面已提及的名词，相当于“形容词性物

3、主代词+名词”。 This is my dictionary. Where is yours? Its over there, on the bed.My idea is quite different from hers.4. 名词性物主代词可用在of后面作定语，相当于“of+名词所有格”，表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。He is a friend of mine. (我的一个朋友)三、反身代词1. 反身代词的单复数形式表格如下：数人称单数复数第一人称myself我自己ourselves我们自己第二人称Yourself你自己yourselves你们自己第三人称himself他自己her

4、self她自己itself它自己 他们自己themselves 她们自己 它们自己2. 反身代词的用法The little boy is too young to look after himself. (作宾语) I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party. (作宾语)The children made model planes themselves. (作同位语) Please help yourself to some fish. (作宾语)3. 反身代词的常用词组teach oneself 自学 learn by oneself 自学 en

5、joy oneself 过得愉快，玩得高兴 help oneself to 随便吃 come to oneself 苏醒 hurt oneself 受伤 by oneself 亲自四、指示代词1. 指示代词表格如下：单数thisthat复数thatthose2. 指示代词的用法（1） this / these 近指。This is my pen. These are my books. 指下文要提到的事。Please remember this: No pains, no gains.(2) that / those 远指。Thats her bike. 指前面刚刚提到过的事 He was i

6、ll. That was why he didnt go to school.3. 打电话时用this介绍自己，that询问对方。This is Mike speaking. 我是麦克。 Whos that? 你是谁？五、疑问代词的用法。疑问代词主要用法例句who作主语、表语、宾语（作宾语时在口语中不能放在介词后）Who wants to go with me?Who are you talking?whomwho的宾格形式，作宾语Whom are you talking? / To whom are you talking?whosewho的所有格形式，作主语、表语、宾语、定语Whose b

7、ook is this?what / whowhat询问某人的职业 Whats your father? He is a worker.who 询问某人的身份、姓名 Who is the boy under the tree? He is Li Ming.what / whichwhat指不定数目中的“哪一个，那一些；什么”，没有一定范围的限定 Who is the boy under the tree? He is Li Ming.which “哪一个”，指在一定范围内特指的人或物What would you like?l 课堂练习一、用适当的代词填空。1. Imake_(they,thei

8、r,theirs,them)forworkers. 2. Thefactoryisverynear_(I,my,me,mine)house. 3. Whatdoes_(MrGreen,MrGreens)do? 4. Iwanttobuy_(some,any)foodforsupperthisevening. 5. Sorry,youcanthave_(some,any)eggs. 6. Itsells_(lotof,much,alotof)things. 7. Intheevening,Ido_(your,my,his,her)homework. 8. How_(much,many)doesi

9、tcost? 9. Hehasanewbook,Ihave_(it,one,that),too. 10. Motherboughtmanyorangesandgavethechildrentwo_(every,each,either). 11.CanyoucomenextMondayorTuesday? _(Either,Neither,Each,Both)dayisOK. 12.Howmanypandasdidyousee? _(Noone,None,Notmany). 13._(I,youandhe,You,heandI)aregoodfriends. 二单项选择 1.Heaskedthr

10、eemenBob,Joe,and_tobeready. A.IB.herselfC.meD.himself 2._haveknowneachotherfortenyears. A.HeandIB.IandHeC.HeandyouD.Iandyou 3.Listento_sister! A.sheandshesB.sheandherC.herandsheD.herandher 4.Youvedroppedyourpencil._. A.PickupitB.PickitupC.TakeupitD.Bringitup 5. Sheisastallas_. A. himB.herC.himselfD.

11、she 6.Whatsthatgirl?_. A. ItsastudentB.ShesstudentC.ShesastudentD.Shesastudentgirl 7.Jackgave_. A.tohertheflowersB.theflowerstohersC.hertheflowersD.herstheflowers 8.Theirparentsare_teachers. A.bothB.allC.eitherD.neither 9.Thisroomis_inthebuilding. A.biggerthananyotherone B.biggestthananyotherone C.b

12、iggerthananyoneD.thebiggestthananyotherone 10.Ihavefourbrothers.OneisinShanghai,but_areinShenyang. A.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.theothers 常考点清单二一、普通不定代词及复合不定代词1. 初中阶段常用普通不定代词表格如下：some, anyfew, littlenone,one,other many, mucheither, neithereach, everyboth , all2. 普通不定代词的用法（1）some与anySome 与any均表示“一些”，既

13、可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词：some一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句。但在疑问句中，若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表示请求、建议时应用some 。There arent any students in the classroom. Would you like some coffee? Yes, please.(2) many与 muchMany修饰可数名词复数，还可以与表示程度的副词 so, too, as, how 连用。much 修饰不可数名词，也可以与表示程度so, too, as, how连用。There are too many mistakes i

14、n your exercises. He never eats so much breakfast.He has got too much work to do.(3) either与 neitherEither指两个之中其中一个，neither指两个人或物中一个也不。常构成固定搭配 either / neither of +名（代）词的复数+谓语动词（第三人称单数）；当eitheror 和neithernor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。There are trees on either side of the street. Neither of the

15、 books is good.Either you or I am going to America.(4) both 与allboth表示“两者都”，常与and连用；all指“三者或三者以上都”Both she and I are students. Both plans are good.All of us should go there. They all agree to stay here.(5) each 与everyeach和 every都表示“每一个”之意，each强调个体，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Every强调整体情况，修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外，ea

16、ch可用来指两个或两个以上的人或事物，而every只可指三个或三个以上的人或事物。There are trees on each side of the road. Each student passed the exam.Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt.(二) 复合不定代词somebody某人anybody任何人nobody没有人everybody每个人someone某人anyone任何人no one没有人everyone每人something某事anything任何事nothing没有东西everything每件事Do you have anything

17、 special to tell me today?你今天有什么特别的事告诉我吗？Listen to me, boys and girls. I have something to tell you.同学们，听我说，我有一些事情要告诉你们。 Is there anything in the cup? 杯子里有东西吗？ No, there is nothing. 没有，什么也没有。注意：1. 当主句的主语是指人的复合不定代词如everybody, nobody, anyone等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词they；当主句中的主语是指物的复合不定代词如everything, anything,

18、 nothing, something等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词it.Everybody is here, arent they? 大家都在这，是吗？Everything is ready, isnt it? 一切都准备好了，是吗？2. 当形容词或else(另外) 修饰复合不定代词something, everything, everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词的后面。Xiao Ming, I have something important to tell you. 小明，我有重要的事情要告诉你。We need one more helper. Can you

19、find anyone else? 我们还需要一个助手。你能再给我们找一个吗？3. everyone 的意思等同于everybody，只能指人；every one 既可指人也可指物，还可以和of 短语连用。I would like everyone to be happy. 我希望人人都幸福Everyone / every one likes Mary. 大家都喜欢玛丽。I have kept every one of her letters. 我把她的每一封信都保存了下来。She took my bottles of whisky and emptied every one down the

20、 sink. 我把我的威士忌酒一瓶一瓶全倒进水池子里去了。二、代词it的用法1. 指代前面提到过的事物。This is not my book. It is Jims.2. 用来代替指示代词this 或that Whats this? Its a pencil.3. 指婴儿或不明身份的人。Someone is knocking at the door, please go and see who it is.4. 指时间或季节。 Whats the time now? Its ten oclock.5. 表天气。 Whats the weather like today? Its sunny.

21、6. 表距离How far is it from your school to your home?7. 用作形式主语，常用于下列句型中：(1) It is+ adj. + ( for sb.) to do sth. It is important for us to work hard.(2) Its time to do / for / that Its time to get up / for lunch / that we go home.(3) It seems that 看起来好像(4) Its ones turn to do 轮到某人做 Its your turn to sing

22、.(5) Its + adj. + that 从句8. 作形式宾语Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line?9. 引导强调句型“It is / was +被强调部分+that / who / whom+ 其它成分”。It is our hope that our city becomes more and more beautiful.三、it, one, that作代词时的区别1. it特指上下文提到的同一对象，是同一事物。The book is mine. Its very interesting. 这本书是我的，它很有趣。2.

23、one 泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同一。 Who has a pen? 谁有钢笔？ I have one. 我有一支。3. that 常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter. 冬天北京的天气比广州的天气冷。易混点清单一、both; all; either; any; neither ; none都任何都不两者botheitherneither三者（以上）allanynone二、little; a little; few; a few可数不

24、可数肯定a few（有一些）a little（有一点儿）否定few（几乎没有）little （几乎没有）Would you please buy some salt for me, Tony? There is little left. 托尼，可以给我买些盐吗？已经快没有了。 He has so little money that he cant afford the work. 他的钱太少了，买不起这本书。三、other; the other; others; the others; another不定代词意义用法说明other另外的只做定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the

25、, this, that, some, any, each, every, no, one, my, your, his等时，则可与单数名词连用the other两者中另一个常与 连用，构成“one,the other ”；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“其余的全部”others泛指别的人或物是other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定语，构成some, othersthe others特指其余的人或物是the other 的复数形式，特指其余的人或物another任何一个，另一个指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作形容词或代词v 课堂练习一、用all 和both填空。 1. of

26、 us went to see the film because we had money to buy tickets yesterday. 2. Tom and his father are at work now.二、选择填空。 1. Jim is new, but he has _ friends here. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 2. Hurry up, there is _ time left. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little3. There is _ sheep on the hil

27、l. Can you see it? A. few B. a few C. little D. a little三、用other，the other，others，the others和another填空。1. He is taller than any student in his class. He is taller than in his class. He is taller than students in his class.2. Some students like pop music while dont in their school.3. I want some book

28、s besides this dictionary.四、家庭作业1. When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning?_ is OK. Im free these days.A. BothB. AllC. EitherD. Neither2. Julie enjoys listening to music very much. She often says to me that _ is more interesting than music.A. nothingB. somethingC. everythi

29、ng3. Who is singing in the next room?_ must be Marie.A. It B. SheC. ThisD. There4. The machines made in China are cheaper than _ made in Japan.A. onesB. thatC. thoseD. it5. Your watch is quite nice. Where did you buy _?In Shanghai. Do you want to have _ like this? A. it; oneB. it; itC. one; itD. one

30、; one6. Harbin is really a beautiful city and therere many places of interest. So it is. Why not stay here for _ two days? A. other B. others C. another D. more7. What a lovely card! Where did you buy it? I made it by _. A. me B. himself C. myself D. itself8. _ are you talking about? The Olympic Gam

31、es in Beijing. A. What B. Whom C. How D. Where9. What a hot day! Have you had a drink? Yes. But Id like to have _ after work. A. it B. one C. other D. another10. Money is important in my life. But it isnt _ to me. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything 11. Yesterday was Dads birthday. I g

32、ave _ a scarf as a present. A. he B. him C. his D. himself11. The box looks so big. Can I help you? No, thanks. _ in it. Its empty. A. Nothing B. Everything C. Anything D. Something12. _ is your maths teacher? The one in red. A. What B. Where C. Which D. How13. There are many trees on _ side of the

33、river. A. both B. either C. all D. every14. Is there _ in todays newspaper? Yes. Shenzhou VI will be sent up into space in the near future. A. nothing new B. new nothing C. anything new D. new anything15. Which would you like, a cup of coffee or a glass of milk? _, thanks. I think Ill just have a gl

34、ass of water. A. Neither B. Either C. Nothing D. None 16. Mum, may I have some cakes? Sorry, theres _ left in the box. Ill go and buy some for you tonight. A. nothing B. no one C. no D. none17. When shall we start, today or tomorrow? _ is OK. You decide! A. Neither B. Every C. Either D. Each18. _ of

35、 them knows French, so I have to ask a third person for help. A. Neither B. Either C. Both D. None19. My mother finds _ great fun to learn to drive a car. A. it B. this C. that D. what20. _ of the three businessmen knew about the document because it was kept a secret. A. None B. Neither C. Any D. Each21. Carl, why not go and help your sister water the flowers there? Why _? Im busy myself. Jack is lying on the grass doing nothing. A. me B. I C. him D. he