五种基本句型

《五种基本句型》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《五种基本句型（9页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、五种基本句型句子成分构成了英语中各式各样结构的句子，但英语中最基本的句型只有五种，其他各种句 型都是由这五种基本句型转换来的。汉语英语主语+谓语Subject + Verb主语+谓语+宾语Subject + Verb + Object主语+谓语（系动词）+表语Subject + Verb + Predicative主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Subject + Verb + Object + Object Complement“S+V”句型这种句式中的动词大多为不及物动

2、词。1. 不及物动词英语中大多数动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，纯不及物动词很少。常见的纯不 及物动词有 apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, dive, exist, fall, flow, happen, rise等。She has apologized.她道歉了。Albert Einsteins name never dies.爱因斯坦的名字永远不会消逝。2. 及物动词转化来的不及物动词有时主要用作及物动词的动词也可用作不及物动词。常见的有wash, sell, lock, wear, write, read 等。The door wont

3、 lock,门锁不上3. 有些不及物动词可跟同源宾语。The soldier died a heroic death.那个士兵光荣地牺牲了。练习：翻译：事故是昨天晚上发生的。“S+V+O” 句型英语中对大多数及物动词只带一个宾语，这种动词常见的有accept, admire, affect, afford, announce, borrow, buy, celebrate, cover, defeat, defend, destroy, devote, discover, educate, enjoy, equip, explain, forget, guess, invent, love,

4、post, raise, supply, use 等。Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我们那个地区的人民种植很多蔬菜。My father runs a big shoe factory.我父亲经营一个大鞋厂。有时候宾语后加一个与宾语有关的状语，否则句子不完整。You can put the dishes in the kitchen,你可以把碟子放到厨房里。You place me in a difficult position.你使我陷于困境。练习“S+V+P” 句型这种句型结构主要指谓语动词为be动词或者连系动词的情况。（保持，变化，

5、感官）1. 表示状态的联连系动词be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, sit, lie, keep, remain, continue, stayYou are in the classroom.你在教室。The weather continues windy and rainy.天气仍持续刮风下雨。2. 表示转变或结果的连系动词become, get, grow, turn, go, come, fall, prove 等。Scientists say the weather is becoming warmer and warmer ye

6、ar by year. 科学家说气候正一年一年的变暖。（强调变化的持续性）The milk went sour,牛奶酸了。（强调不以人的意志为转移的变化或恶化）A friend of mine is easy to fall ill.我的一个朋友很容易生病。练习： You should modest at any time.“S+V+Oi+Od” 句型这是带双宾的句式结构，直接宾语指的是给予的对象，间接宾语只的是接受的对象和行为施 与的对象。1. 可改为to型的句式S + V + Oi + Od - S + V + Od + to + Oi此类常见的:bring, extend（给予），giv

7、e, hand, offer, pass, pay, post, promise, read, return, sell, send, serve, show, apare, teach, phone, tellShe promised me a nice gift on Christmas Day.=She promised a nice gift to me on Christmas Day.她答应在圣诞节给我一件精美的礼物。2. 可改为for型的句式S + V + Oi + Od S + V + Od + for + Oi此类常见的：build, buy, choose, draw, f

8、ind, get, make, order, paint, saveIll find you a good car.=Ill find a good car for you.我会为你找到一辆好车的。3. 即可改为to型，又可改为for型的句式此类常见的：fetch, sing, do（do是根据意义）Fetch me some wine.=Fetch some wine to/for me.给我拿些酒来。Will you sing us a song?=Will you sing a song to/for us?你能给我们唱支歌吗？The poisonous gases will do ha

9、rm to us all.这些有毒气体对我们有害。Will you do a favor for me, please?请你帮个忙好吗？“S+V+O+OC” 句型可作宾补的词或短语有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式等。 后面接宾补的动词有使役动词、感官动词。（一感二听三让四看五帮助）1. 形容词做宾补表明宾语的性质、状态。They painted the wall pink.他们把墙刷成了粉色。Keep the children quiet please.让孩子们保持安静。We all imagine him foolish.我们都认为他傻。2. 名词短语作宾补表

10、明宾语的身份、性质等。We all call those stupid people “the two”.我们都叫那些很蠢的人“二”。I found him a reliable man.我发现他是个很可靠的人。c.f. J Ill find you a good job.（双宾）. I find you a careful person. （宾补）3. 不定式作宾补主要为带to的不定式宾补和不带to的不定式宾补（1）带 toWe have asked all the students to come.我们已经叫 了所有学生过来。I would prefer you to give me a

11、ring as soon as you arrive there. 我想让你一到那就 给我打个电话。（2）不带toWill you have Mary call me back?你能让玛丽给我回个电话吗？She noticed a car crash into a big tree nearby.她看到一辆车撞上了一个大树。4. 动词-ing作宾补补充说明宾语正在进行的行为。see, hearWe see a boy playing near the river.我们看到一个男孩在河边玩。练习： I can hear someone（play） the violin next door.I s

12、aw little Tom（punish） by his parents5. 动词-ed作宾补补充说明被施予的行为。I will have all the clothes washed.练习：Nobody notice the office（break） into.6. as/for+名词/代词作宾补常用于一些特殊结构。recognize/regard/consider/serve. as.7. 副词作宾补补充说明所属的位置或状态。Shall I ask the interviewee in?我可以叫到访者进来吗？学生举例（帮他上楼）8. 介词短语作宾补说明宾语的状态。I found myse

13、lf in front of Sara.我发现我在莎拉前面。练习：我把钢笔放在桌子上了。我总是把钥匙放在我衣服荷包里。基本句型（一）主语+不及物动词（S + V ）1. 他昨天早上起床很晚。2. 那天晚上我们谈了很多。3. 会议将持续两个小时。4. 1919 年，在北京爆发了 “五四”运动.（the May Fourth Movement）5. 这个盒子重五斤。（kilo）6. 五年前我住在北京。7. 在过去十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。基本句型（二）主语+及物动词+宾语（S + V +O ）1. 昨晚我写了一封信。2. 我父亲能流利地说英语。fluently3. 你介意我开窗户吗？4

14、. 你们必须在两周之内看完那些书。5. 他指出我的作文中的错误。point out, composition6. 我们必须派人去请医生。7. 你在工作中可以依靠他。8. 写完作文后，我们必须检查一遍。go over基本句型(三)主语+系动词+表语(S + V + C )1. 我的兄弟都是大学生。2. 这本书是关于美国历史的书。3. 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。nursery4. 他失业了。5. 树叶已经变黄了。6. 这个报告听起来很有意思。7. 布朗夫人看起来很健康。8. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。pianist9. 孩子们，请保持安静。基本句型(四)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(

15、S + V + IO + DO )1. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。2. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？ dictionary3. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。4. 我替你叫辆出租车好吗？5. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。6. 他把车票给列车员看。conductor基本句型(五)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S + V + O + C )1.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。consider2. 我们把小偷释放了。set，free3. 他叫我们参加做游戏。4. 我要你把真相告诉我。5. 每天早晨，我们都听到他大声朗读英语。6. 那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。makefrightened7.

16、 他每个月理一次发。8. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。基本句型练习答案三 指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。1. (6)2, (1) (3) (8)3, (4)4, (7)5, (5)6. (2)基本句型(一)主语+不及物动词(S + V )1. He got up very late yesterday morning. 2. That evening we talked a great deal.3. The meeting will last two hours.4. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.5. This box

17、 weighs five kilos. 6. I lived in Beijing five years ago.7. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.基本句型(二)主语+及物动词+宾语(S + V +O )1.I wrote a letter last night.2.My father can speak English fluently.3. Do you mind my opening the window.4. You must finish reading these book

18、s in two weeks.5. He pointed out the mistakes in my composition.6. We must send for a doctor. 7.You can depend on him in your work.8. After writing a composition, we must go over it.基本句型(三)主语+系动词+表语(S + V + C )1 My brothers are all college students.2 This book is about the history of the United Stat

19、es.3 Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.4 He is out of work.5. The leaves have turned yellow.6 The report sounds interesting.7. Mrs. Brown looks very healthy8 At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.9. Children , keep quiet please.基本句型(四)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S + V + IO + DO )

20、1. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.2. Would you please pass me the dictionary.3. My father has bought me a new bike.4. Shall I call you a taxi?5. This term I have written three letters to my parents.6. He showed the ticket to the conductor.基本句型(五)5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S + V + O + C )1.

21、All of us consider him honest.2. The have set the thief free.3. He asked us to join in the game.4. I want you to tell me the truth.5. Every morning we hear him read English aloud.6. The terrible sound made the children frightened.7. He has his hair cut once a month.8. We will make our school more beautiful.