阅读理解解题技巧

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1、二轮复习阅读理解解题技巧之推理判断解题指导命题方式的特点 英语阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系， 研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意，这就是推理判断题。推理判断题在阅 读测试中属于难题。要求考生在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻 辑思维、哲学原理，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。推理判断题常见的题型有细 节推断题、因果推断题、写作意图推断题、人物性格、态度及观点判断题、预测想象推断题、 短文来源、读者对象推测题等。命题方式考法(1) 细节推断类关键词句的推敲(2) 写作意图类文体特点推意图(3) 观点态度题褒贬措辞定

2、态度(4) 文章出处或读者对象类内容细节巧判断推理判断类题目常见的设问方式(1) It can be inferred/concluded from the passage that .(2) Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?(3) The auther strongly suggests that.(4) The passage implies, but doesnt directly state that .(5) The writer/auther implies/indica

3、tes/suggests that .(6) The author probably feels that .(7) The author uses the example of. to show that .(8) Whats the authors attitude toward.?(9) What is the main purpose of the author writing text?(10) The author writes the last paragraph in order to 选项的特点(1) 正确选项的特点 在文章中可以找到信息支持，并且可以推断出正确选项。 大多含

4、义深刻，不是常识选项。(2) 干扰项的特点 颠倒是非：选项的结果与推断出来的正确结果相反。 照搬原文：原文里有相关的直接信息，不需要经过推断。 推理过度：把文章中的一些个案绝对化、扩大化。 无中生有：捏造原文中并不存在的信息，并以此作为依据进行推断。解答推理判断题应注意的问题(1) 把握全文是推断的前提。把握全文内容，在彻底理解的基础上，从字里行间捕捉有 用的提示或线索，这是推理判断的前提和基础。(2) 推理要有理有据。推理判断题不能毫无根据地凭主观臆断做出在原文中找不到根据 的推理，也不能妄加猜测，对表面文字信息做多步推理，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的 相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合

5、乎文意。(3) 切忌用自己的观点来代替作者的观点。一定要认真分析，仔细揣摩，充分利用文章 中的关键信息，弄清作者的写作目的和观点、态度，决不能将自己的观点强加到作者身上。(4) 把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇结构。要体会文章的基调，揣测作者的态度， 找准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。(5) 利用背景知识进行推理。有时做推理判断题需要结合自己所掌握的相关背景知识及 经验、常识进行分析、判断，从而得出符合常理的结论。考法综述 推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析 和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。它主 要考查考生理清上

6、下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能 是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息 进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。常出现的推理判断题有逻辑推理、知识推断 等。这类考题中常出现的词有：infer, imply, suggest, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, can, could, may, might 等。命题法 1 细节推断典例 1 Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have got

7、ten a lot “greener” toward the environment. “We didnt know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it, ” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business p

8、eople, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many, many times, ” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.According to US governmen

9、t reports, emissions ( 排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons. The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier pl

10、ace. A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6,600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helpedsave a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.Twent

11、y-five years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment. Today, its hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program.“Until we do that, nothing else will change！” says Bruce Anderson.本文为说明文，题材是节能环保类。作者阐述了自1970 年以来，美国在环境保护方面 所取得的成就。1

12、What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?AThey have cut car emissions to the lowest.BThey have settled their environmental problems.CThey have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.DThey have reduced pollution through effective measures.【答秦解析】推理判断题。依据第三段和第四段的內容可知，通过有效的措施，美国的环境污染状况

13、犬為改善。A项错在lowest, E项错在 toe settled CI页错在flirty。2What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?AEducation.BPlanning.CGreen living.DCO reduction.【答案解析】A推理判断题。依据最后一段的内容可推知，环保意识教育至关重要。命题法 2 写作意图推断典例 2 People arent walking any moreif they can figure out a way to

14、 avoid it.I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel. The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car. And I wasnt in any hurry, either. I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness: motorosis.It is an illness to which I had thou

15、ght myself immune（ 免疫的）, for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as a good days walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill. It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship. And the ef

16、fect was lasting. When I was 45 years old I raced and beata teenage football player the 168 steps up the Statue of Liberty.Such enterprises today are regarded by many middle-aged persons as bad for the heart. But a well-known British physician, Sir Adolphe Abrahams, pointed out recently that hearts

17、and bodies need proper exercise. A person who avoids exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly. And walking is an ideal form of exercisethe most familiar and natural of all.It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can lea

18、rn the trees, flowers, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world. He cannot learn in a car.The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life. Many people dont dare to approach Nature any more

19、; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is a steel river thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.I say that the green of forests is the minds best light. And none but the man on foot c

20、an evaluate what is basic and everlasting.What is the authors intention of writing this passage?A. To tell people to reflect more on life.B. To recommend people to give up driving.C. To advise people to do outdoor activities.D. To encourage people to return to walking.【答案解析】推理判断题。作者在文中论述了汽车在带给人们便刑的同

21、时，减少了人们接近犬自然的机会 也减少了锻炼的机会，这样对身体有害，同时作者强调了步行的益处，故作者的目的是鼓励人们减少用车, 选择步行。故选D一命题法3观点态度推断典例 3 The freezing Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine. I left for the lan

22、d of warmth and vitamin C （维生素 C）, thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets （at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon） filled the weekend, but the best part 一

23、particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold weather root vegetables一was a 7 a. m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake up call.What did the author think of her winter life in New York?A. Exciting.B. Boring.C. Relaxing. D. Annoying.【答案解析】根据第

24、一段第一句话可以看出作者认为在寒冷的冬天，东北地区是一个无趣 的地方。故B项正确。命题法4文章来源或读者对象的推断典例 4 The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to fullsu

25、n production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the worlds ecological balance.On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full- sun fields affects the areas birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other speci

26、es （ 物种） that depend on the trees flowers and fruits. Full sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many species are quickly dying out.On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens （威胁）human life. Medical research often makes use

27、 of the forests plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the worlds groundwater.Both locally and globally, the continued spr

28、ead of full-sun coffee plantations (种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the worlds climate, and studies show that the loss of oxygen- giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new gr

29、owing techniques are contributing to acidic (酸性的) soil conditions.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a high

30、er cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.Where does this text probably come from?AAn agricultural magazine.BA medical journal.CAn engineering textbook.DA tourist guide.【答案解析】根据整篇文章来看，多次提到种植grow，讨论了 full-sun coffee production对 环境等的影响，

31、应与农业有关，故选 A。【解题法】 文章来源或读者对象推断题的解题思路(1) 文章来源题，考生应具备一些常识，对报刊、网络童话、广告等有一定了解。根据 文章特点，文中关键词、文章所阐述内容找到与之相应的文章来源。(2) 读者对象推断题，首先把握作者的写作意图，然后推断读者对象。 命题法 5 预测推断题典例 5 Despite the serious nature of inspections, they resulted in some funny moments. Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to was

32、h all the dishes before an inspection. At the time, people did not have dishwashers in their homes. In an effort to clean up quickly, Mrs Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth, and stuck them in the oven. If the inspector opened the oven door, it would look lik

33、e bread was baking. He never did.If the inspector had opened the oven door, he would have seen .Aan empty panBmany clean dishesCpieces of baked breadDa cloth covering something【答案解析】 推理判断题。由该段第四句和第五句Th an effiort to clean up quickly, Mtb Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread paq covered them

34、 with a doth, an-d stuck ihem in the oven. If the inspector opeod the oven dooi3 it would look like bread was baking?可S推断出答乗为 D o【解题法】 预测推断题的解题思路(1)从文中找到与题干相关的信息。(2)理解文意，对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容进行预测推断。(3) 把握作者的写作思路，作出合理准确的推断。专项训练细节推断类(2017太原二模)Three years ago a flash of lightning almost destroyed Lyn Dia

35、nas house in Aberdeenwith her two children inside. “There was a huge rainstorm ，” she says, recalling the terrifying experience. My brother and I were outside making every effort to stop floodwater from coming in the house. Suddenly I was thrown to the ground by a very large bang. When I picked myse

36、lf up, the roof and the whole upper storey of the house had been destroyed. The door was blocked by broken bricks, but we forced our way in and found the children, thankfully unharmed. Later I was told that to be struck by lightning is a chance in million, In fact, its at one chance in 600 000. Even

37、 so, Dr. Mark Keys of AER Technology, an organization that monitors the effects of lightning, thinks you should be careful. He advises anyone who is unlucky enough to be caught in a storm to get down on the ground and bend into a ball, making yourself as small as possible.Nancy Wilder was playing go

38、lf at a club in Surrey when she was hit by a flash of lightning. Mrs. Wilders heart stopped beating, but she was brought back to consciousness and, after a few days in hospital, where she was treated for burns to her head, hands and feet, she was pronounced fit again. Since that time, she has been a

39、 completely fair- weather golfer. In fact, a golf course is one of the most dangerous places to be during a thunderstorm. The best place to be is inside a car!Harold Deal, a retired electrician from South Carolina, USA, was struck by lightning 26 years ago. He seemed to be unhurt, but it later turne

40、d out that the strike had damaged the part of the brain which controls the sensation of temperature. Since then the freezing South Carolina winters havent bothered Harold.1. What damage did the rainstorm cause to Mrs. Dianas family?A. Her house was flooded and fell down.B. Her children were seriousl

41、y ill and hurt.C. The top storey of her house was completely destroyed.D. The door in the house was broken by a very large bang.2. What did Mrs. Wilder do after surviving the lightning strike?A. She played golf only on fine days.B. She never played golf again.C. She often went to see a doctor.D. She

42、 never took any medicine.3. What do we know about Harold Deal from the last paragraph?A. The lightning strike did not do any harm to him.B. The lightning strike burnt his hair and skin terribly.C. He suffered a lot from the freezing cold in South Carolina.D. He wasnt sensitive to temperatures after

43、the lightning strike.4. What can we conclude from the passage?A. It happens quite often that lightning strikes people during a storm.B. During a thunderstorm you are safer in your house than in your car.C. During a thunderstorm it is the safest for you to stay under a big round ball.D. If you are ca

44、ught in a storm, youd get down as low as possible on the ground.【答案解析】 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了三个遭受闪电袭击的人的经历以及专家对此给出 的一些应对措施。1C 细节理解题。关键句】 When I picked myself up； the iccf and the wiiole upper storey of the house had been dstnyyecl.（| 段第五句）铎文：当我站起来时，房子的屋顶和上制的整个楼层部被毁璋了。【解题思路】该题提问的是这场暴凤雨对Di皿的家造成了什么损害。根据关键

45、旬可知，她家房子的上部的 楼层完全被毀掉了。故选C。2. A 细节理解題【关键句】Since 4hattiiiiehas been a cnipleiely fair-weadher gfjlRr.dS二段第三句） 译文：从那以后，倔知只在天气晴朗的时候才去打高尔夫球。【解题思踣】该题提问的是Wilder在被闪电击中而幸存下来后做了什么。根拐关键句可知，从那以后她 只在天气晴期的时候去打高尔夫球故选3. D推理判断趣。关键句 1- -ttie strike had damaged the part of the bimn Mudi contiob ttie sensatiim. of temp

46、eratuie一最后_段第 二句）谨文：这*雷击损坏了他大脑中控制温度感应的那个部位。【解题思踣】根据关键句可推知，HaroM闪电击中后，对温度的娈化没那么敏感了。故选D。4. D推理判断懸。【解题思路】根据第一段倒数第三句“Inftct, ifs si one chance in 000 000.JO,被闪电击中的概率是1俶X） ow；故排除丸项：根据第二段最后一句Thebetplacctobeisinsickacar!河知闪电时最安全的地方 是车里 故排除 B、C 两项 j 根採第一段最后一句 -get down cm the ground and bend into a ball mak

47、ing yourself as small as possible.可知：当暴雨闪电时，尽可能将自己缩成一个小球。故选D-写作意图推断类In 1978, I was 18 and was working as a nurse in a small town about 270 km away from home.I was looking forward to having five days off from duty. Unfortunately, the only one train a day back to my home had already left. So I thought

48、 Id hitch a ride （搭便车）I waited by the side of the highway for three hours but no one stopped for me. Finally, a man walked over and introduced himself as Gordon. He said that although he couldnt give me a lift, I should come back to his house for lunch. He noticed me standing for hours in the Novemb

49、er heat and thought I must be hungry. I was doubtful as a young girl but he assured me I was safe, and he also offered to help me find a lift home afterwards. When we arrived at his house, he made us sandwiches. After lunch, he helped me find a lift home.Twenty-five years later, in 2003, while I was

50、 driving to a nearby town one day, I saw an elderly man standing in the glaring heat, trying to hitch a ride. I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favor Id been given decades earlier. I pulled over and picked him up. I made him comfortable on the back seat and offered him some wa

51、ter.After a few moments of small talk, the man said to me, “You havent changed a bit, even your red hair is still the same.”I couldnt remember where Id met him. He then told me he was the man who had given me lunch and helped me find a lift all those years ago. It was Gordon.1. The author had to hit

52、ch a ride one day in 1978 because .A. her work delayed her trip to her homeB. she missed the only train back homeC. she was going home for her holidaysD. the town was far away from her home2. Which of the following did Gordon do according to Paragraph 2?A. He helped the girl find a ride.B. He gave t

53、he girl a ride back home.C. He bought sandwiches for the girl.D. He watched the girl for three hours.3. The reason why the author offered a lift to the elderly man was that .A. she realized he was GordonB. she had known him for decadesC. she was going to the nearby townD. she wanted to repay the fav

54、or she once got4. What does the author want to tell the readers through the story?A. Those who give rides will be repaid.B. Good manners bring about happiness.C. Giving sometimes produces nice results.D. People should offer free rides to others.【答案解析】语篇解读；本文是一篇记叙文。多年前，ir错过了睢一一趟回家的火车，却得到了帕生人的熱情帮助。多 年

55、后，兰用di路边的老人搭便车时，恰好回报了曾经帮过我*的人。1. B 细节理解题。【关键句】Unfortunately； the coiy one train, a day back to my home had already lefiLSo I thaiglit rd hitch 3 ride（搭便车帰一段最后两句）怪文：不幸的是，毎天一趟回家的火车已经开走了。所汉我想我得去搭便车。【解题思路】根据关键句可知，因为错过了唯一一搅回家的火车，所汉作者只能去搭僮车回家。故B项正2. A 细节理解题。【关键句】After lunch； he helped me find a lift hom.（

56、$二段最后一句） 译文：午饭后，他帮我找了一辆回家的便车。【解题思路】根拐关键句可扣，血氐帮作者找了一辆便车。故A项正确。3. D 细节理解题。关键句I thought it was another chance to repay someone :for 4ie vor Ird been given decades earlier佯三段第二句 j译文：我认/这是回报他人的一次机会，因/几十年前我也得到了同样的帮助。【解题思路】根据关键句可知，作者之所以让老人搭便车是因为她想回报她曾获得的帮助。故D项正确。4C 写作意图题。【解题思路】通读全文可知，文章通过作者和 Gordon 之间相互帮助的

57、 故事说明，帮助他人就是帮助自己，给予有时会带来好结果。故C项正确。文章来源或读者对象推断类I got invited to go with some friends to a game at another school. A senior will be driving us, and I think shes a good driver, but its someone my parents dont know. I want to tell my parents where Im going, but what if I ask and they say “no”？ Ill end u

58、p wishing I never mentioned it and just went ahead and did it anyway.If you want more privileges, its best to build a track record of honesty and trust. Letting a parent know where youre going is always a good idea.You may worry that telling your parents puts you at risk of getting “no” for an answe

59、r. But theres a good chance your parents might be OK with you going. If you go but dont tell them, you risk losing something more importantyour parents trust.Parents who find out their kids did something behind their backs may be less likely to give permission to do things in the future. When trust

60、is broken like this, parents wonder if teens are trying to hide somethingand what they imagine can be far worse than the reality.Before you talk to your parents about the game, think about which approach will help them feel most comfortable with giving you more freedom. Maybe theyd like to meet the

61、person driving or talk to friends who have driven with her in the past. If your parents have questions or hesitate about letting you go, find out what their worries are and then do your best to answer them.1. From Paragraph 1 we know that the writer .C. looks worriedA. appears nervous B. feels confu

62、sedD. seems discouraged2. What is the best way to get parents permission according to the passage?A. To get more privileges from them.B. To risk gaining their permission.C. To keep off the track of reality.D. To be honest and win their trust.3. What does the writer really want to tell us?A. Which ef

63、fective approach to use.B. How to deal with strict parents.C. How to win over parents.D. How to get freedom from parents.4. Who do you think the passage is intended for?A. Parents. B. Friends. C. Drivers. D. Teenagers.【答案解析】 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要向青少年介绍了一些如何获得父母的支持的方法。1B 推理判断题。【关键句】I want to tell my paren

64、ts where Im going, but what if I ask and they say“no”？（第 一段第三句）译文：我想告诉父母我要去哪里，但是如果我说了，他们说“不”该怎么办呢？ 【解题思路】根据关键句可知，作者想告诉父母他的去向，但是又害怕父母会拒绝他的 要 求 ， 由 此 可 推断出，他感到困惑。故答案选E*2 D细节理解题。【关键句】If you want more privileges、 its best to build i track record of honesty 3nd tnist當二 E殳第一句） 译文：如果你想得到更梦的特殊待遇，最好建立一个诚实和信任的表现记录。【解题思路】根將关键句可知，得到父母允许的最好井法是要诚实，获得父母的信任。故答案选LL3- C主旨大青题。【解题思路】纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了青少年应如何贏得父母的支持。C项与此含义最接近，故 答案迭S4. D推理刘断题。【解题思路】文童中多次岀现yourparents,由此可推断出本文的目标读者是青少年。故答案选观点态度类How many times have parents had to argue with their young son or daugh