[研究生入学考试]工程硕士英语考前辅导

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1、1工程硕士英语考前辅导工程硕士英语考前辅导n考试要求、考点、题型分析考试要求、考点、题型分析 2 考试要求考试要求全国硕士学位研究生入学资格考试外语运用能力测试的词汇与语法局部共10题.5题为词汇题五题为语法题.词汇题主要是考查考生掌握并熟练使用英语词汇及短语的能力.根据考试大纲规定,考生应领会式掌握4,250个左右单词和500个常用词组,并能根据构词法和语境识别常见的派生词;着重要掌握名词,动词,形容词,短语和固定搭配,其中包括同义词,反义词,形近词等的辨析.3 考点及题型分析考点及题型分析4 2005年真题中相关题目nTo speed up your entry,please bring

2、your Admission Card with you.nSo childless couples will suffer discrimination from family members and neighbors.(close No.39)5-分析选项,消除干扰n单词辨义是词汇题中的另一大题型.可以把它分为词义辨析,近义词辨析和形近词辨析.这种题目对考生的词汇量要求很大.反过来说,也是对考生词汇量掌握情况的有效检验。考生在解此类题目时要注意仔细分析各个选项,逐一排除干扰项.词义辨析 词义辨析还比较单纯考词汇量,选择项中的词之间词义都很明确,只要理解题干的意思便可作出准确选择.如:Th

3、e first Olympiad is said to have consisted _ of a 200-yard foot race near the small city of Olympia.A)nearly B)completely C)merely D)identically I didnt _ to take a taxi but I had to as I was late.A)mean B)assume C)hope D)suppose2005年真题:P 206(清华)No.9;No.10 近义词辨析是三者中最难的一项.它不仅考查考生的词汇量，而且考查考生在面对词与词之间存在

4、共同概念的干扰时,如何找出区别而最终作出正确判断.Many old people in the cities find themselves unable to get used to the rapid _ of city life.A)rate B)speed C)step D)pace Generally _,the climate here is most suitable for the old people.A)speaking B)telling C)saying D)talking 8 2005年真题中相关题目nEvery year,thousands of college s

5、tudents apply for the CCTV Cup English Speech _.nA.Argument B.quarrelnC.Debate D.ContestnArgue:argue against 辩驳辩驳n argue for(in favor of)为为辩护辩护nDebate:debate(up)on 讨论讨论,辩论辩论 形近词辨义形近词辨义 形近词辨义的难度界于上述两者之间,主要是从相似的拼写或发音方面给考生造成干扰,如果考生对某个词记忆不深,模棱两可的话,就很容易陷入被动.因此归根到底,这种题型仍是以考查单词词义为主.The new currency will ge

6、t into _ soon.A)circuit B)circulation C)circular D)circle The captain of the ship _ the passengers that there was no danger.A)assured B)ensured C)secured D)insured _his sister,Jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others.A)Dislike B)Unlike C)Alike D)Liking 搭配关系题型搭配关系题型 -仔细推敲仔细推敲,逐一排除逐一

7、排除 英语中的搭配关系多种多样,除了在短语题型里介绍过的动词与介词,动词与名词的搭配,考试中还常会考到形容词与介词,形容词与名词,名词与介词等.考生在遇到有些搭配不那么肯定的情况下一定要沉着冷静,对各个选项仔细推敲,并放入句中利用语感和平时做题的经验进行逐一排除.如：He was a talented football player as a boy,but he never _ his early promise.A)concluded B)completed C)performed D)fulfilled语法语法 考试要求 如词汇局部所述,语法题与词汇题出现在同一局部,共5题.属单项选择题

8、。语法是解决其他题型的根底和关键。要学好语法不能满足于记住了多少条语法规那么,更重要的是掌握它们的用法。虽然这局部只有5题,但这局部可被看作是对语言知识的考核,因此这一局部在整个考试中有举足轻重的地位,考生对这局部试题的完成准确率可以反映考生的英语根底知识打得牢不牢固。测试范围 根底语法测试要求考生不仅能正确完成语法知识题,还能够举一反三,灵活运用到其他考试题型中如阅读理解,完形填空等,这就需要考生具体掌握以下几点知识.1.名词,代词的数与格的构成及用法:Book/books,tomato/tomatoes;tooth/teeth(变内部元音)deer/deer,means/means(词形不

9、变/通形名词)criterion/criteria,syllabus/syllabi(外来词)132.形容词,副词的比较级 和最高级的构成及用法.3.动词的根本时态，语态的构成形式及用法 见真题No.24.非谓语动词的构成形式及用法 见真题No.45.虚拟语气的构成形式及用法6.各类从句的构成形式及用法7.强调句的构成形式及用法8.倒装句的构成形式及用法 见真题No.79.主谓一致的用法14阅读理解阅读理解 阅读局部的测试要求及测试范围阅读局部的测试要求及测试范围测试要求测试要求 阅读局部共设阅读局部共设20题。短文题。短文4篇。篇。要求考生要求考生在理解短文的根底上从每题的四项选择中在理解短

10、文的根底上从每题的四项选择中取最正确答案。取最正确答案。阅读局部的考试目的是测试考生从阅读材阅读局部的考试目的是测试考生从阅读材料中获取信息的能力。要求考生既具备答料中获取信息的能力。要求考生既具备答题的准确性，也要求考生具备一定的答题题的准确性，也要求考生具备一定的答题速度。主要测试以下能力：速度。主要测试以下能力：(1)掌握测试材料的中心思想、主要内容和掌握测试材料的中心思想、主要内容和细节；细节；(2)对测试材料的内容进行一定的判断和推对测试材料的内容进行一定的判断和推理；理；(3)理解某些词和句子的意义或上下文之间理解某些词和句子的意义或上下文之间的逻辑关系；的逻辑关系；(4)领会作者

11、的观点并能判别作者的态度。领会作者的观点并能判别作者的态度。151.掌握测试材料的中心思想、主要内容 和细节n Bee dancing is a fascinating field of study.Scientists have discovered that bees communicate certain information about food sources by the direction they face,the manner in which they move,and the intensity with which they make noise.However,be

12、cause bee dancing appears to vary according to species,bee communication probably must be regarded as inherited rather than learned behavior.16Question 1:nWhat is the topic of the passage?nA)bee behavior nB)bee communicative movements nC)bee dancing nD)learned behavior17Question 2:nBee dancing consi

13、sts of:nA)silent movement B)movement and soundC)sound only nD)flight patterns18(2)对测试材料的内容进行一定的判断 和推理；nDo not believe that the running of a highly successful multinational business must rest wholly upon one man,as one leader must be replaceable if the business is sound and stable and the shareholder

14、s are to be protected.19 找出你认为最能表达出原文的一条选项nA)A multinational business needs more n than one man as a top leadernB)A leader must not be irreplaceablenC)A company must often replace its leader.nD)Leadership must be determined by the n shareholders for their protection20(3)理解某些词和句子的意义 或上下文之间的逻辑关系；n Bea

15、uty has always been regarded as sth praiseworthy.Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier,have better marriages and have more respectable occupations.Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs.Even judges are softer on attractive defendants.But in the exe

16、cutive circle,beauty can become a liability.21 The word“liability most probably means_.nA)misfortune B)instabilitynC)disadvantage D)burden 22(4)领会作者的观点 并能判别作者的态度。nAdvertising plays a major role in the distribution of goods from manufacturers to consumers.It provides an effective way for sellers to i

17、nform buyers about products.Advertising thus helps manufacturers sell their products and benefits consumers by providing them with shopping information.23nWhat is the authors attitude towards advertising?A)negative B)Positive C)Indifferent D)Not clear24 阅读理解测试是一项检查考生阅读理解阅读理解测试是一项检查考生阅读理解应用能力的测试局部学生平

18、时的阅读量较应用能力的测试局部学生平时的阅读量较小，阅读能力欠佳，大学毕业已假设干年小，阅读能力欠佳，大学毕业已假设干年的考生尤其如此。因此，对考生进行考前的考生尤其如此。因此，对考生进行考前阅读理解强化训练是有必要的。阅读理解强化训练是有必要的。1)解题步骤解题步骤考前阅读理解训练一般要求考生在处理阅读考前阅读理解训练一般要求考生在处理阅读材料时遵循以下步骤：材料时遵循以下步骤：阅读选项阅读选项,略读全文略读全文,领会大意领会大意,寻读对照寻读对照,准那准那么判断么判断 解题步骤及策略解题步骤及策略 252)解题策略n应考虑阅读的四个层次及其把握：n第一层次是对单词和短语的理解；n第二层次是

19、对句子的理解；n第三层次是对段落的理解，即通过分析句与句之间的逻辑关系得出该段落的结构和大意n第四层次是对篇章的理解，即通过分析段与段之间的逻辑关系得出整篇文章的结构和大意。26n在实际阅读过程中，上述四个层次是互相联系、不可截然分开的。在大多数情况下，正确的阅读方法，要把对文章细节的阅读与其整体篇章大意的阅读相结合，而以从上下文连贯的篇章大意理解为主线来进行。27n利用上下文，猜测词义nHe is successful as a businessman because of his dynamic personalityHe seems to have unlimited energynTh

20、e expensive curtains and luxurious carpets were the only remaining signs of the houses former opulence.n A)poverty B)wealth n C)condition D)uglinessn 282根据同义、反义关系确定词义n阅读中，特别是要注意表示反意的信号词：n in contrast，on the other hand，rather than，however，yet,although，while，unlike，but，whereas，as opposed to 等。n例:My si

21、ster Marie is an optimist，while her boyfriend is one who is always gloomy and expects the worst to happenn29 利用标点符号/利用构词法猜测词nA gorilla always makes me think of the word aloofnot friendly,of distance from others.They overestimate the interviewees ability and asked him many difficult questions30Have a

22、 Try(Reading)n I t i s t r u e t h a t a s a s o c i a l organization moves from the simple to the complex,so does the organization through which it educates its children.Growth and change are vital if education is to meet new needs and demands.31n In a very simple social order,it may suffice to hav

23、e the parents carry on the education of their children.However,as will be shown later in more detail,such a method may become entirely untenable,and special individuals are entrusted with the task.32 These may be hired privately first,but soon the social group the church,village,and the like-will be

24、 responsible for education.Eventually,special training is required for those who do the teaching,and an agency to control this training is needed.33 Thus the influence of the local government unit,such as the town,township,and later the state or the province becomes necessary.It was generally consid

25、ered simpler to use as a unit the already existing local unit.341.1.1.The closest restatement of the first sentence is:A)The more complex a social organization becomes,the more complex the educational system becomes.B)The complexity of a social organization depends on the complexity of the education

26、al system.C)Social organizations are truly as complex as they need to be for educational purposes.D)Our society must be complex if we want our education system to serve our childrens educational requirements.35The writer would probably argue for _.A)more parental influence in educationB)an education

27、al system which takes social complexity into account.C)strict state control of educationD)morespecialtrainingforteachers.36According to the passage,the reason why the local government unit become influential is that nteachersbecometoopowerfulnenrollmentincreasesC)aneedarisestocontroltheeducationofte

28、achersD)the church or village lacks the ability to oversee education37The author promises to explain _.A)the necessity of the local government unit.B)why it is easier to use the government to control educationC)the responsibility of the social groupD)whyparentsshouldnotteachtheirchildren.38Have anot

29、her Try nAdvertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.nThere is one more point I feel I ought to touch on.Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs.He wa

30、s drawing excessively fine distinctions.Of course advertising seeks to persuade.39QuestionsnThe author deems that the well-known TV personality is _.nA)very precise in passing his judgement onn advertising.nB)interested in nothing but the buyers attentionnC)correct in telling the difference betweenn

31、 persuation and informationnD)obviously partial in his views on advertising40 Key:D Cue:“excessivelyn Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams.Perhaps it is humankinds long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our

32、 bidding so fascinating.But to be fascinated is also,sometimes,to be blind.Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.41The last but one sentence implies that_nA)people would be happy if they shut their n eyes to reality.nB)the blind could be happier than the sighted.nC)over-excit

33、ed people tend to neglect vital n things.nD)fascination makes people lose their sight.42Explanation:nKey:c(就转折处设题n先排除B和D：绝不是在谈盲人问题。the blind,lose eyesight).n选项中Over-excited 即原文中 fascinated;n选项中Neglect vital things即原文中 be blind(to see the fact)that these dams threaten to do more harm than good.43 应用文

34、类n An introductory course for students not majoring in physics,chemistry or biology but who require a knowledge of fundamental physical principles.Some mathematical preparation is needed.Prerequisite:Math 95,or equivalent.Three lectures.3 hrs.Laboratory experiments illustrate physical principles.44

35、问题nThis course can best be described as _.nA)a basic physics course nB)a mathematics coursenC)an introductory experiment coursenD)a laboratory experiment course45完形填空完形填空完形填空局部的测试要求及测试范围完形填空局部的测试要求及测试范围 要求考生阅读一篇难度适中的短文约要求考生阅读一篇难度适中的短文约150200个英文单词，考生需运用自己的个英文单词，考生需运用自己的语言综合能力，在全面了解文章内容的根底上，语言综合能力，在全面

36、了解文章内容的根底上，选择最正确答案，使短文的意思和结构完整、选择最正确答案，使短文的意思和结构完整、合理。合理。它考核的是考生综合运用语言的能力。它考核的是考生综合运用语言的能力。46n 最早的完形填空形式是每隔五个或五个以上的词一般为512个词等距地删去一个词。这种形式测试效率较低，因为同一个词可能屡次遇到，而且有的词测试意义不大。n 因此，后来对这一做法进计了修正，修正后的做法是有选择地删去一定量的词。对删去什么词在命题时要经过仔细设计，反复推敲。一般来说，在被删去的词中，实词和虚词要各占一定的比例，词汇题和语法题要各占一定的比例，全局题和局部题要各占一定的比例。47 测试范围测试范围n

37、 n完形填空题是以测试考生综合运用语言的能力为目的此题型可谓是“To kill three birds with one stone.。这种能力具体表达在以下三个方面：n 1对词汇知识的掌握；n 2对语法结构知识的掌握；n 3对篇章阅读能力的掌握。n 48Key:A 多数历史学家不得不/尽管成认工业化提高了普通民众的生活水平n Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution.They _1_ that in the long run industrialization great

38、ly raised the standard of living for the average man.But they insisted thatnA)admitted B)believed nC)claimed D)predicted 49 完形填空题的解题方法完形填空题的解题方法n1)通读全文，掌握大意。完形填空题的第一n 句话一 般都是完整的，而且它常常就是本n 段、乃至全文的中心思想。n 例如:n 是选择 Pay attention to n 还是 draw ones attention，n 关键在于把握主题句。50n2)根据上下文理清脉络并进行判断。n 考生在做题时必须时时刻刻从

39、上下文出发考虑，因为在大多数情况下，空缺项的填补都需要通过对上下文的分析才能作出判断.51例:n Stangely enough,most young people get themselves employed by accident,not knowing what lines in the way of opportunity for promotion,happiness and security._1_,they are employed doing jobs that afford them little for no _2_.n1.A)for the time being B)A

40、s a resultn C)In the main D)On the other handn2.A)focus B)enthusiasm n C)objection D)satisfaction52Key:1.B 2.D n3)由易到难，各个击破。n 一般来说，固定搭配，习惯用法最简单，考生只要记住了这些搭配及用法，可以很快找到答案。n 然后可过渡到局部考语法知识的题目和根据上下文选择词义的题目。n 最后可做需要全局性理解的题目，这种题目要求较高。53 1._ to some parts of south America is still difficult,because parts of

41、the continent are still covered with thick forests.A)Appeal B)Contrary C)Access D)opposite KEY:A 搭配搭配54例:n2.She doesnt let him leave the train at five-minute interval _he get lost.n A)if B)because n C)as D)lest n KEY:D(语法)55 4)正确运用排除法。n 有的题目中，有些一眼就可排除的选项，这些可首先排除，n 然后把精力集中于较难取舍的选项上。n 在遇有难以判断的选项时，也可把每

42、一种选择都填入空中加以分析，根据上下文信息和一些语法知识，逐一排除掉错误答案和可能性很小的选择。n 56n n Dont put off doing what should be done today until tomorrow._,done with pleasure.nA)Otherwise B)There nC)Nevertheless D)MeanwhilenKEY:D 语篇：起并列作用 n 57例:n The ad says the suntan oil Solex can protect your skin against the harmful effect of the Su

43、ns _.n A)light B)rays n C)beams D)flashes nKEY:B (排除法)58 5)全篇复核，再次确认中心无误 把所有题目都做出来以后，最好再把全文通读一遍，再次确认中心思想没有理解错误，以防止全盘皆错的惨局。With all the shortage of funds they had not had the least intention of giving up their research.59n简单的一句话，可有4个考点。复核时确定没有疏忽之处。n have an intention of;n no/least intention of;n give

44、 up;n with give up 60n考考你：nHe is a bit thick to do it that way.nFace the musicnGild the lily nWhenever theres something to gain,he always wants to have a finger in the pie.nHe is a Jack of all trades and master of none.nWith a large family of growing kids to feed and clothe,Her mother had difficulty

45、 in making ends meet.61n太过分了。n面对困难局面；临危不惧n画蛇添足n参与其事，沾手光n杂而不精的人n量入为出，收支相抵62会话完成 考试要求 本局部为英语运用能力测试的最后一局部,通过完成对话的方式,重在考查考生实际运用英语进行交流的综合能力.题型为10 段不完整的英语简短对话,在每段对话后有4个选项,要求考生选出其中一个正确答案.63 Waiter:Welcome,sir.May I help you?nCustomer:_.nA)Thank you.Ill have fried tofu and stir-fried n cauliflower.nB)Yes,pl

46、ease.Id like a hamburger and a n chocolate shake.nC)Sorry.I dont need your help,thank you.nD)If you want to help me,Ill be glad to accept it.n 64nGuest:Oh,its ten oclock.Id better go now.n Host:_.nA)Ok.Please walk slowly.nB)Why do you want to go now?dont you n want to stay?nC)Wont you stay for anoth

47、er cup of coffee?nD)Yeah,its really late.Why not immediately?65Phone Call n Wilson:Hello.May I speak to Peter?n Peter:_.nA)Sorry,the number is engaged.Willn you hold?nB)Yes,speaking.nC)Hello.Whore you,please?nD)Hello.Thank you for calling.66Between Two Personsn Man:Do you mind if I smoke here?n Woma

48、n:_.nA)Allright.Ifyoujustsmokeoneeachday?nB)Ofcoursenot-thisisanosmokingcompartment.nC)No,Imsorry.D)Well,yes,actually-thisisanosmokingcompartment.67Still moren1.Man:Wow!How beautiful you are today!n Woman:_.nA)You are such a nice man nB)Its nothingnC)dont make a fuss nD)Im glad to hear it.Thank you!

49、68n2.Man:I have two tickets for tonights concert.n Could you go with me?n Woman:Id like to,but Im busy tonight.n Man:_.nA)All my work goes for nothing.nB)What a pity.Im sorry.nC)How could I do such a silly thing?nD)Is it just as what you said?69Go on with itn3.Linda:Whats the matter with you?n Jack:

50、Its the boss.Ive tried my best,butn hes too hard to be pleased.n Linda:_.n A)Youll do it better next time.n B)Yeah.Its really hard for you.n C)Take your time n D)How could all this happen to you?70n4.Man:Whats the noise upstairs?n Woman:It seems theyre wrestling.n Man:_.nA)I cant stand it any more.B

51、)I dont like it.nC)What a shame nD)Its a storm in a tea cup.71n5.Old man:Excuse me.Could you tell me where n the restrooms are?n Young man:_.n Old man:Well,thank you anyway.n Young man:Not at all.nA)Take the elevator to the second floor and turn n right.nB)Im going there myself.Let me lead you the w

52、ay.nC)Yes.Its just around the corner.nD)Im not sure.Im a stranger here too.72分类记忆(水果,食物)n1.Shes the _ of her fathers eyes.n2.He is the top _ in this company.n (main boss)n3.The car is a real _.(worthless thing)n4.I dont want to invite him,such a wet _.n5.Hen has got the _ job.n(plum,banana,noodle,ap

53、ple,lemon)n73Reference:n1.Shes the _apple_ of her fathers eyes.n2.He is the top _banana_ in this company.n (main boss)n3.The car is a real _lemon_.(worthless thing)n4.I dont want to invite him,such a wetn _noodle_.(blanket is better)n5.He hs got the _plum_ job.(highly-paid job)74分类记忆 (动物)n1.I always

54、 get _ when Im on the stage.n (nervous)n2.Hes been _-pecked for the past years.n3.I really opened up a can of _ when I askn him how his marriage was.n (a very complicated and delicate topic)n4.She is as busy as _.n5.They made a _ out of him.n(hen,worms,butterflies,monkey,bee)75referencen1.I always g

55、et _butterflies_ when Im on then stage.(nervous)n2.Hes been _hen_-pecked for the past years.n3.I really opened up a can of _worms_ when In ask him how his marriage was.n (a very complicated and delicate topic)n4.She is as busy as _bee_.n5.They made a _monkey_ out of him.76分类记忆(身体部位)n1.I think the bo

56、ss is going to lay off the lazyn employees.I just want to put a bug in yourn _.(warn someone)n2.This man has such a lead_!n (have a tendency to drive fast as if his footn were as heavy as lead on the accelerator)n3.She finally let her _ down in front of us.n (relax)n77接前:n4.As I only have a temporar

57、y job,Ive to liven _.n (or struggle from paycheck to paycheck)n5.I criticized her dress and she bit my _ off!n (attack someone verbally)n6.I cooled my _ for a whole hour beforen she finally showed up.(wait)n (hand-to-mouth,foot,heels,hair,ear,leg,head)78Reference:n1.I think the boss is going to lay

58、off the lazyn employees.I just want to put a bug in yourn _ear_.(warn someone)n2.This man has such a lead _foot_!n (have a tendency to drive fast as if his footn were as heavy as lead on the accelerator)n3.She finally let her _hair_ down in front of usn .(relax)n79Reference:n4.As I only have a tempo

59、rary job,Ive to liven _from hand-to-mouth_.n (or struggle from paycheck to paycheck)n5.I criticized her dress and she bit my _head_n off!(attack someone verbally)n6.I cooled my _heels_ for a whole hour beforen she finally showed up.(wait)80分类记忆(服饰)n1.After ten years of service,they gave him then _!(

60、fire someone from the office)n2.He wears many _ at work.n (or faces,have more than one positions)n3.He lost his _ when he went gambling.n (lose everything one owns)n4.She is the one who wear her heart on hern _.(be extremely compassionate)n(hats,sleeve,boot,shirt,pants)n81Reference:n1.After ten year

61、s of service,they gave him then _boot_!(fire someone from the office)n2.He wears many _hats_ at work.(or faces,n have more than one positions)n3.He lost his _shirt_ when he went gambling.n (lose everything one owns)n4.She is the one who wear her heart on hern _sleeve_.(be extremely compassionate)n n