【维克多】维词课堂人教版B1U3 (5)

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1、教材版本：人教维册别单元：B1U3 词课堂A word is a microcosm of human consciousness.Vygotskypreferflowpersuadeorganizedeterminejourneyview用法、搭配一词多义一词多义一词多义辨析义一词多义英语释义重难点词用法、搭配 Sit down,please.请坐。I prefer to stand,thank you.谢谢，我更愿意站着。漫画一漫画一漫画二漫画二Nice,but I still prefer dogs.很好，但是我还是更喜欢狗。preferprefer vt 不用于不用于进行时进行时 更喜

2、欢；更愿意：更喜欢；更愿意：Tea or coffee?喝茶还是咖啡？Id prefer tea,thanks.我喜欢茶，谢谢。She prefers her coffee black.她更喜欢喝清咖啡。prefer sb/sth to do sth:Id prefer you to start early.我更希望你早点出发。北师大 24I prefer my English classes to be taught in English only.我希望我的英语课是全英语授课。prefer to do sth/doing sth:Some people prefer to do almos

3、t everything over the Internet.有些人喜欢在网上做几乎一切事情。2013 安徽I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sunday.周日我喜欢一整天把自己关在屋里听音乐。prefer(doing)sth to(doing)sth:I prefer the red dress to the green one because it fits me better.比起那条绿裙子，我更喜欢那条红色的，因为它适合我。人教 3I would prefer reading books to w

4、atching television.比起看电视，我还是喜欢读书。此结构中此结构中to是介词，而不是是介词，而不是动词不定式符号。其后接名动词不定式符号。其后接名词或者动名词，为保持前后词或者动名词，为保持前后 对应，对应，prefer后也接动名词。后也接动名词。prefer+that 从句：从句：They preferred the money(should)be used for building schools and hospitals.他们愿意拿这笔钱来建学校和医院。I would prefer that you didnt mention my name.我希望你不要提我的名字。p

5、refer+that 从句结构中，从句中用虚拟语气。preference C&U 偏爱；优先偏爱；优先(权权)：A teacher should not show preference for any one of his pupils.老师不应对任何一个学生有所偏爱。in order of preference 按优先顺序 C 偏爱的事物偏爱的事物 /人：人：Wine or beer?Which is your preference?葡萄酒还是啤酒？你更喜欢哪种？preferred adj 首选的；有优先权首选的；有优先权的的 n 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空。1.Id prefer _(t

6、ravel)by train.2.I prefer my English classes _(teach)in English only.3.I prefer going out for a more active life on Sundays to _(stay)at home all day.二、根据所给提示，完成下列句子。1.Some people _(喜欢散步多于喜欢爬山).2.My parents _(更喜欢早起)in the morning.(2014 四川阅读)travelling/to travelto be taught stayingprefer walking to c

7、limbingprefer getting up/to get up earlyflow鼠标放这里 点我有惊喜 vi(液体、气体、电等液体、气体、电等)流动；流出流动；流出：The water flows into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way to the sea.湖水流入尼亚加拉河，再经过大瀑布，流向大海。人教 5 比喻人或事物像水一样比喻人或事物像水一样 流逝；畅通；流淌流逝；畅通；流淌：Time flows away.光阴流逝。Her hair flowed down over her shoulders.她的头发垂到肩

8、上。Trucks and cars flowed along the highway.卡车和汽车在公路上川流不息。low low ll n C&U 流；流动流；流动：a flow of people/cars 人流/车流free flow of information 信息的自由交流。一、请将下列英语短语或句子翻译成汉语。一、请将下列英语短语或句子翻译成汉语。1.flow freely _2.flow in the wind _3.Rivers flow into the sea._4.The crowd flowed out of the station._5.Tears flowed do

9、wn his cheeks._6.The colored flags flow in the wind._7.The lines in this painting flow._8.Her hair flowed down her back._ 自由流动在风中流动百川归海。人群涌出车站。他泪流满面。彩旗迎风飘扬。这幅画线条流畅。她的头发飘垂在她的背后。二、请将下列短语或句子翻译成英语。二、请将下列短语或句子翻译成英语。1.气流 _2.数据流 _3.缓缓地流淌 _4.流入大海 _5.这条河流经这个城市。_6.时间流逝。_7.那条河从东向西流。_8.河水漫过堤岸。_ air flowdata flo

10、wflow quietlyflow into the seaThe river flows through the city.Time flows away.The river flows from east to west.The river flowed over the bank.persuade生活中有的时候我们不得不试图说服别人。比如，你可能要说服朋友一起去看你最喜欢的电影，或是说服父母给你买某样东西。劝说是一门艺术，需要的不仅仅是口若悬河。你认为应该如何劝说别人呢？persuade vt 说服说服；劝服；劝服(talk into)：She is always easily pers

11、uaded.她总是很容易被说服。persuade sb to do sth:She persuaded my father to go to a dental school.她说服我父亲去牙科学校学习。2010 江苏改后接不定式后接不定式的复合结构的复合结构 persuade sb into(doing)sth:I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea.我说服了我的同学接受我的想法。2015 浙江书面表达 persuade sb out of(doing)sth:We persuaded him out of his

12、foolish plan.我们说服了他放弃那项愚蠢的计划。persuade sb into/persuade sb into/out of doing sth out of doing sth 说说服某人做服某人做 /不做某事不做某事在表示“劝说”，但不一定“劝服”时，用try to persuade。She would try to persuade local business leaders to contribute money to the cause.她会劝说当地的商界领导人为该事业捐款。2017 北京改 使使相信；使信服相信；使信服 (convince)：persuade sb

13、of sth:Im persuaded of his honesty.我相信他是诚实的。persuade sb+that 从句从句:I persuaded him that I was telling the truth.我使他相信我讲的是实情。persuade sb of sth persuade sb of sth 使某人相信某事使某人相信某事persuade sbpersuade sb后接后接thatthat从句，从句，sbsb不能省略不能省略 persuasion n U 说服说服 persuasive ww adj 有说服力的有说服力的一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确

14、形式。1.He decided to persuade his grandpa _(set)the bird free.2.Get a coffee machine for your home or office,or persuade your company _ buying one.(Tell them it will improve productivity(生产率).)(2010 浙江)3.My parents persuade me _ the importance of going to college.intoofto set二、根据汉语提示，完成下列句子。1._(由于没有说服

15、我父母),I failed to go to a music school,where my interest lay.(persuade)(2013 湖北)2.There is nothing more I can _(劝说你留下来),so I wish you good luck.3.She didnt really want to go to Beijing,but Tony _(说服了她)somehow.4.Advertisements _(使我们相信)newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest product

16、s.(2015 安徽)Not having persuaded my parents try to persuade you to stay managed to persuade her persuade us thatorganize/organiseOrganize Your Mind,Organize Your Life是一本读者指南，旨在帮助读者通过训练自己的头脑、“组织”自己的思维以求事半功倍，“安排”好自己的生活。现在让我们来看看这个“组织”和“安排”吧！organize语义网络组织组织(基本义基本义)“组织”活动“组织”时间、观点等抽象事物“组织”有共同目标的人组建组建(组织、

17、政党等组织、政党等)安排；分配安排；分配组织；为组织；为安排；筹备安排；筹备 vt 组织；组织；为为作安排作安排 ；筹备；筹备 to plan or arrange an event,activity,etc.：organize a meeting/party/trip 组织会议/聚会/旅行I knew nothing about organizing any big event.对于筹备大型活动我一无所知。2012 天津 v英语释义帮助理英语释义帮助理解解organize/organise/vt 安排安排；分配分配 to put or arrange thingsinto a system

18、or logical order：You should try and organize your time better.你应该更好地安排时间。When writing an article,we should read the topiccarefully and organize our ideas.写文章时我们要仔细阅读题目并组织好思路。2009 福建改英语释义帮助理英语释义帮助理解解 vt&vi 组建组建(组织、政党等组织、政党等)：organize into a union/party 组建工会/政党The scientists need to organize themselve

19、s into a team.这些科学家需要组成一个团队。低义频释义，需要单独记低义频释义，需要单独记忆忆 只用于名词前只用于名词前 有组织的；有安排的有组织的；有安排的：organized crime 有组织的犯罪活动I want to work with a well organized team.我想和组织良好的团队一起工作。有序的；有条理的：有序的；有条理的：a very organized person 很有条理的人词汇拓展词汇拓展adjorganized/organised/organizer/organiser /C 组织者组织者词汇拓展词汇拓展n 根据汉语补全下列句子。根据汉语补

20、全下列句子。1.会议组织得很糟糕。The meeting was _.2.课后会组织小组活动帮助孩子们培养团队精神。(2014 重庆 单选)_ after class to help children develop team spirit.3.要写出好文章，必须先从逻辑上理顺思绪。To write a good essay you must first _ logically.4.大家要我组织这次旅游，可是我把事情搞砸了。I was asked to _,but I messed it up.Group activities will be organized badly organized

21、organize your ideas organize the tripdetermineYour attitude your altitude.你的态度决定你的高度。Keywords 关键词determine=decide?这两个词到底有什么关系呢？词源解读词源义是“确定/决定”，产生于14世纪中期；“决心(做某事)”产生于15世纪中期。vt 确定；查明 to find sth out：Investigators are still trying to determine what caused the fire.调查人员仍在设法找出失火的原因。determine v 正式用语正式用语 借

22、助find out 帮助理解 掌握determine+wh-从句 正式用语，用于比较正式的场合和文体 vt 是的决定因素；影响 to fix or decide sth：It is your efforts,not your intelligence,that determine your success.决定成功的是努力而非智力。2008 湖北Demand determines supply.需求决定供给。通过fix和decide帮助理解 低义频释义需留意 vt&vi 决心；决定 to decide sth firmly：I determine to make more efforts to

23、 improve my English.我决心更加努力提高英语水平。She determined that nothing should be changed in her report.她决意不对自己的报告作任何修改。We determined on an early start.我们决定早点出发。借助decide帮助理解 牢记词块determine to do,determine that,determine onsummary尝试翻译这句话，感受determine和decide的异同【拓展】过去分词形容词determined adj 有决心的；意志坚定的：My father was de

24、termined that none of his children would be denied an education.我父亲决意不让自己的一个孩子不接受教育。2015 福建改(be)determined to do sth:Amazed at how skilful they were,I was determined to be just as good.惊奇于他们的技术是如此娴熟，我决心要跟他们一样优秀。2013 浙江 有“决心”做某事 坚决的；坚定的：She gave me a determined look the kind that said she wouldnt cha

25、nge her mind.她给了我一个坚定的眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。人教 3表现出有决心的行为句式结构【拓展】名词determination R3 n U 决定；决心；果断：carry out the plan with determination 坚决执行计划名 The important thing in life is to have a great aim,and the determination to attain it.人生最重要的事情是确定一个伟大的目标，并下定决心去实现它。歌德 determination是determine的派生词，由determine+-ation构成

26、；掌握词块determination to do sth 做某事的决心；有时根据语境，表示“下定决心”可以用“have the determination”表达。【词汇知识拓展词汇知识拓展】determiner是英语语法术语中的“限定词”，用于修饰和限定名词，明确性质范围的一系列词。包括：冠词(the,a,an)，指示代词(this/that/)，形容词性物主代词(his/her/)，名词所有格(his/hers/ours/)，数词等等。练一练一、写出下列句子中一、写出下列句子中determine的汉语释义。的汉语释义。1.Our social positions determine the

27、way we are dressed._2.It is difficult to determine the exact cause of the illness._3.The date of the court case has not yet been determined._4.How hard the swimmers work now will determine how they perform in the Olympics._决定决定确定确定二、在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Shes sure to get the job she wants shes a v

28、ery _(determine)person.2.Jane was determined not _(go)against her fathers wishes and accept his advice.3.He is an excellent lawyer(律师)with a good brain and a _(determine)to achieve.(2009 陕西)4.Black holes can not be seen directly,so _(determine)the number of them is very difficult.determinedto godete

29、rminationdetermining三、根据所给提示，完成下列句子。1.It is not what you are given but how you make use of it that _(决定你是谁).(2012 湖北)2.Realizing that he has wasted too much time,the boy _(决心停下不玩游戏).3.If we _(有勇气和决心),we will finally get the sunshine we want.(2010 北京书面表达)determines who you areis determined to stop pl

30、aying games have the courage and determination 图中的旅游景点去过了吗？那么你去这些景点是用journey,voyage,trip 还是 tour来描述呢？journey,voyage,trip,tour 辨析辨析journey,voyage,trip,tour 词源义journey来自法语journe，跟jour（白天，天，即day）有关，所以本意是“一天的行程”，引申义是“行程”“人生旅程”，主要指的是“行程”。来自古法语voiage，旅行，航程，词源同via,way。后主要指航海。tour来自tourner（转动，即turn），所以tour有

31、“巡游，巡回”的意思，指在某个地方转一圈观光的那种旅行。来自古法语 triper“跳动，舞动”，引申词义为“轻快的走，跑，跳，远足，旅行”。四者都含“旅行”之意，但具体含义不同。journey指长途旅行或经常性的旅行，强调旅行本身，有时行程较艰难或不含回程的意义。Its a two-hour train journey from York to London.从约克到伦敦坐火车有两小时的路程。He makes the journey Moscow three times a year.他一年要去莫斯科三次。voyage指长途旅行，通常走海路或乘飞机、飞船等。The ship set out o

32、n a long voyage.这艘轮船开始了远洋航行。journey,voyage,trip,tourtrip指短途往返的旅行或不常为之的旅行，强调目的或出行原因。a trip to the seaside 一次海滨之行Do you want to go on the school trip France this year?你想参加今年学校组织的赴法旅行吗？tour侧重指“观光游览”，往往在旅行过程中参观多个景点。We went on a guided tour round the castle.我们由导游带着参观了城堡。A bus took us on a sightseeing tou

33、r of the city.我们乘坐大巴游览了这座城市。1.Its the _,not the arrival,that counts.(2015 天津)2.Traditionally,college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life _.(2013 安徽)3.I wish I had been at my sisters wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business _ in New York t

34、hen.(2015 天津)4.Ridgway won his fame for his _ across the Atlantic.5.As soon as we arrived,we went on a _ of the city.(2014 北京)选词填空。journey,trip,tour,voyagejourneyjourneytripvoyagetourview 断断章章 卞之琳卞之琳你站在桥上看风景，看风景人在楼上看你。明月装饰了你的窗子，你装饰了别人的梦。欣赏译文并比较：英译本一 许景城译You stand on the bridge viewing the sight;Your

35、e beheld by the viewer from height.The moon bedecks your window agleam,While you adorn to anothers dream.英译本二 杨宪益、戴乃迭译When you watch the scenery from the bridge,The sightseer watches you from the balcony.The bright moon adorns your window,While you adorn anothers dream.英译本三 叶维廉译You stand upon the br

36、idge to look at the landscape.A landscape viewer upon the tower looks at you.The moon decorates your window.You decorate other peoples dreams.英译本四 赵彦春译 On the bridge you look at the viewThat viewer on the tower looks at youThe moon decorates your window with its beamAnd you decorate the others dream

37、上面四个译文，你更喜欢谁的翻译呢？这首诗里的“风景”有的译成“view”，有的译成“scenery”、“sight”、“landscape”。view词源词源研究词源后不难发现，view名词的词源义“(对土地的)正式视察”已经消失；而15世纪中期产生的意义“视觉”是它的基本义。这一意义源自于拉丁语videre(to see)，和英语vision是同根词。view语义网络视觉视觉view肉眼看到的肉眼看到的范围范围看到的景色看到的景色对人或事物对人或事物的看法的看法视野；视线视野；视线风景；景色风景；景色理解或思维理解或思维的方法；方式的方法；方式看待看待事事物物的的方式方式观点；看法观点；看法

38、基本义由人到物由外到到内由具抽象体view n U 视野；视线视野；视线 the ability to see sth or to be seen from a particular place：There was usually nobody in view except some sheep in the grassland.在草原上常常看不到一个人，只能看到一些羊。The lake came into view as we turned the corner.转过弯，我们就看见那个湖了。Sit down youre blocking my view.坐下，你挡住我的视线了。注意搭配注意搭

39、配in view,come into view,block sbs view C 风景；景色风景；景色 what you can see from a particular place：While climbing the mountain,we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.爬山时，我们沐浴着温暖的阳光，欣赏着美丽的风景。2008 北京书面表达Id like a room with a sea view.我想要一间海景房。侧重表示从某处可看到的侧重表示从某处可看到的“远远景景”，尤指，尤指从窗口从窗口、高处等看、高处等看到的景色

40、。到的景色。C 观点；看法观点；看法 an opinion or idea about sth(opinion)：Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other persons view is wrong.每个人都可能会认为自己是对的，而对方的观点是错的。2009 江苏Jill and I have different views on/about thesubject.我和吉尔在这个话题上的观点不同。In my view,playing computer games is a waste of time.在我看来，玩

41、电脑游戏浪费时间。Cant you see things from my point of view?你就不能从我的角度看待事物吗？2013 重庆与与介词介词on/abouton/about搭配搭配in sbs view和和from sbs point of view是高考写作常用词是高考写作常用词块。块。释义比较抽象，不好释义比较抽象，不好理解，可通过英语释理解，可通过英语释义和例句帮助加深理义和例句帮助加深理解。解。U 理解或思维的方法理解或思维的方法 /方式方式 a way a way of of thinking about thinking about or understandin

42、g sthor understanding sth：my world view 我的世界观Your view of life is different from mine.你的人生观跟我的不同。in view of 鉴于；考虑到：鉴于；考虑到：In view of the weather,the event will be held indoors.由于天气的缘故，这项比赛将在室内进行。on view 在展出；展览着：在展出；展览着：The painting is currently on view at the gallery.那幅画目前在美术馆展出。vt 正式用语正式用语 看；观看；观赏看

43、；观看；观赏：These mountains are a splendid sight when viewed from the valley floor.从谷底看上去，群山壮丽。看待看待 (see)：We view film as a type of contemporary art.我们把电影视作一种当代艺术。译林 4 viewer n C(电视电视)观众观众；观察；观察者者；看；看片器片器加加-erer派生成名词派生成名词viewerviewer对应名词释义对应名词释义对应名词对应名词释义释义view,scene,scenery,sight,landscape辨析辨析view 侧重表示从

44、某处可看到的“远景”，尤指从窗口、高处等看到的景色。scene 所指的景色或场面常包括人、动物或事物的活动，还可指山水风光、舞台场景。scenery 侧重指一个国家或一个地区的总的自然风景，尤指乡间景色，还可指舞台布景、风景画。sight 指收入眼帘的景色。当指名胜、风景时用复数形式，尤指城里的名胜、风景。landscape指陆地上或乡村的风景。一、写出下列句子中view的汉语释义。1.I got a place next to the window,so I had a good view of the sidewalk.(2014 全国)2.Do you agree with the gr

45、andfathers view on life?(2015 天津)3.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable.(2016 全国)4.On these sites,a student can view numerous photos and art pieces from different mediums.(2011 湖南)5.If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden our view and gain knowledge we cannot get

46、 from books.(2016 全国)视野；视线 视作看；观看 观点眼界二、写出下列短语的英语形式。1.挡住某人的视线2.映入眼帘3.人生观4.鉴于；考虑到三、将下列句子译成英语。1.关于这个话题，我们有不同的观点。We have _ the subject.2.在我看来，人和人之间没有什么差别。_,there is no difference between one person and another.block sbs view come into view view of lifein view ofdifferent views on/aboutFrom my point of view/In my view