高中英语非谓语动词作状语专题讲解

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1、1分词作状语的基本原则分词作状语的基本原则分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑保持一致。分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。_ from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees._ from the top of the tower,we can find the south foot of the mountain is

2、 a sea of trees.A.Seen B.Seeing C.Have seen D.To see2分词作状语的句法功能：分词或分词短语作状语时，可以分词作状语的句法功能：分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或或when 引出。引出。Hearing the news,they got excited.(时间时间)Be careful while/when crossing the street.(时间时间)Ha

3、ving been bitten by a snake,she was frightened at it.(原因原因)Given a chance,I can surprise the world.(条件条件)The cup dropped to the ground,breaking into pieces.(结果结果)Having been told many times,he still repeated the same mistake.(让步让步)The teacher came into the lab,followed by some students.(伴随状况伴随状况)Hea

4、ted,water changes into steam.United,we stand;divided,we fall.Seriously injured,he had to be taken to hospital.She walked out of the house,followed by her little daughter.1.表目的：表目的：有时候用有时候用in order to do/so as to do(不用于不用于句首句首)He got up early in order to catch the first bus.The bus stopped so as to p

5、ick up passengers.In order to arrive before dark,we started early.2.表原因：在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、衷、乐表原因：在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、衷、乐后跟不定式表示原因：后跟不定式表示原因：easy,difficult,hard,cheap,expensive,fit,comfortable,heavy,good,important,impossible,dangerous,surprised,astonished,delighted,disappointedI am glad to hear the news.I

6、am so sorry to hear your mother is ill.3.表结果表结果She went abroad never to return.My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China.1)so adj.as to do/such as to He was so angry as to be unable to speak.We are not such fools as to believe him.2)tooto,enough to do等结构表示结果等结构表示结果This book is easy enough

7、for me to read.The ice is thick enough to walk on.She is too tired to do the job.3)only to(表未曾料到的结果表未曾料到的结果)They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.I went to see him only to find him out.注意：动词作结果作状语表示未曾预料的结果，而现在分词作结注意：动词作结果作状语表示未曾预料的结果，而现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然或必然的结果。果状语表示自然而然或必然的结果。Her husband

8、died in 1942,leaving her with five children.The bus was held up by snowstorm,thus causing the delay.特殊的独立结构特殊的独立结构 有些非谓语形式已成为固定用语，用来表示说有些非谓语形式已成为固定用语，用来表示说话人对说话内容所特的态度。话人对说话内容所特的态度。1)现在分词的独立结构现在分词的独立结构 judging from/by;generally/strictly/frankly speaking;according to;including;owing to;talking/speaki

9、ng of(谈及谈及)2)过去分词的独立结构过去分词的独立结构 given(考虑到考虑到);provided that(如果如果)3)不定式的独立结构不定式的独立结构 to tell you the truth;to make things worse;to begin with/to start with/to be frank4)动词原形动词原形 believe it or not(信不信由你信不信由你)5)作连词的分词作连词的分词,这些词用来表示条件的连词，后接这些词用来表示条件的连词，后接that 从句。从句。considering(考虑到，就考虑到，就而言而言)，providing/

10、provided 假如，假如，supposing 假如假如非谓语动词做状语非谓语动词做状语(选用所给词的正确形式填空：选用所给词的正确形式填空：pass,compare,follow,follow,walk,dress,lose)_ a post office,I stopped to buy some stamps._ with the old one,the new building looks pretty._ by a group of students,the professor came in._ the students,the professor came in._ in th

11、e street,he spotted his best friend._ in a new skirt,she stood out at the party._ in the strange city,the little girl was scared.Passing Compared Followed Following Walking Dressed Lost 四、独立主格结构作状语：四、独立主格结构作状语：位置灵活，常用逗号与句子主位置灵活，常用逗号与句子主题分开，在句中常作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、题分开，在句中常作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、目的等，还可以作定语。目

12、的等，还可以作定语。独立主格结构的构成：独立主格结构的构成：名词名词(代词代词)现在分词现在分词(与前面构成主动关系与前面构成主动关系)：Weather permitting,we are going to visit you tomorrow.名词名词(代词代词)过去分词过去分词(与前面构成被动关系与前面构成被动关系)：The test finished,we began our holiday.名词名词(代词代词)不定式不定式(表将来表将来)：There being no bus,we had to walk home.名词名词(代词代词)副词：副词：He came into the ro

13、om,his ears red with cold.名词名词(代词代词)形容词：形容词：The firm,itself immense,did not disdain the petty retail dealing.这家公司尽管规模很大，但并不轻视这笔这家公司尽管规模很大，但并不轻视这笔小零售生意。小零售生意。名词名词(代词代词)介词短语：介词短语：He came out of the library,a large book under his arm.名词名词(代词代词)名词：名词：The villagers,most of them women and children,were ki

14、lled that night.【题型一】利用黄金法则分析法解题【题型一】利用黄金法则分析法解题1.All the task _ ahead of time,they decided to go on holiday for a week.A.had been finishedB.were finishedC.having been finished D.has been finished2._many times,but he still couldnt understand it.3._many times,he still couldnt understand it.A.Having b

15、een told B.Told C.He was told D.Though he told4._ I met him,I thought he was a serious man.A.For the first time B.The first time C.It was the first time D.By the first time(1)They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting,none of _ carried out in their work.(2)They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting,none of _ were carried out in their work.(3)They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting,but none of _ were carried out in their work.A.which B.themC.what D.that