汉译英(冲刺) (1)

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1、汉译英翻译技巧一、选词原则1、条件：工作条件：working condition; 有利条件：(create) favorable situation/unfavorable situation = desirable situation, / undesirable situation + for our economic development Non-: Mis-: mistreat, misleading, misunderstanding Ir-: irregular, Il-: illegal ; illegible , legible, edible = eatable =mak

2、e out= figure out= discern De-: deformation, derailment, defrost . Railway station Mal-: malnutrition ; malfunction Ill-: ill-fated, ill-tempered Un-: unnecessary , unfinished Unlock, untie, unfasten 录取条件：admission requirement; 付款条件：terms of paymentUncle Watch movies , see a dcotor , read the book 2

3、、他讲的话使我们大家都笑了。 We all smiled at what he said. What he said made us laugh.3、他们的好奇心得到了满足。Their curiosity has been satisfied. 他们的愿望得到了满足。Their expectation has been fulfilled.4、他负责电脑的维护。He is responsible for the maintenance of computers. He is in part responsible for the accident. Account for , contribu

4、te to There are several reasons/factors accounting for /contributing to the appearance of the phenemonon. 他负责学生会工作。He is in charge of the Student Union.5、 一个朋友介绍她去给一个8岁的女孩当家教。She was introduced / recommended by a friend of hers to be a tutor of an eight-year-old girl. A friend introduced her to be a

5、 tutor of an eight-year-old girl. 6、现在要想办成事，关系是非常重要的。*Relationship is very important to do any thing nowadays. Nowadays social connections are very important to get things done.Nowadays , studying abroad is enjoying popularity among teenagers . very popular 二、词的增减1、 有一个调查表明，不吸烟的妇女，如果在吸烟的家庭环境中生活40年或更

6、长的时间，那么患癌症的危险就会加倍。 A survey indicates that non-smoking women will have double risk of . suffering from cancer if they are living in a smoking family.environment for forty years or longer . (expose to ) ( if they are exposed to a . ) A survey/An investigation indicates/ discovers that non-smoking wom

7、en living in a smoking family environment for 40 years or still longer, will have double risk of developing / suffering from lung cancer. It has been found from a survey that women, who may not have smoked themselves, would double their risk of suffering from lung cancer, if they are exposed to 40 o

8、r more years of household tobacco smoke. 2、在过去的20年中，世界上没有一个国家的外贸发展速度像中国那么快。日本用了20多年才将其外贸总额翻了一番，而while 中国却翻了两番。(it takes somebody some time to do sth ) ( Sb takes some time to do sth) It took Japan more than twenty years to double its foreign trade, while China took the same time to quadruple its for

9、eign trade. Uni-: unique, universe One-: one-way ticket Half-: halfway, Bi-: bilateral , bicycle, bilingual Tri-: triangle , Quad-: quadruple Pent-: Pentagon Deca-: decade , decathelon Fortnight = two weeks I cant agree more I can make it. / I will try my best to make it. In China , nothing is more

10、important than education now. In the past twenty years, no country in the world has developed/expanded its foreign trade faster than China. Over the last two decades, no country in the world has expanded its foreign trade as fast as China. Japan took more than 20 years to double its foreign trade, w

11、hile China, for the same length of time, has quadrupled(四倍) its foreign trade.3、两国之间的战争状态终于结束了。 The war between the two countries ended finally/lastly/eventually. 4、他为中国人民的解放事业贡献了自己的一生。 Devote to/ dedicate to He devoted his life to the liberation of Chinese people. 5、我们应该善于发现问题、分析问题、解决问题。 Be good at

12、 , excel in , adept in . We should be good at discovering, analyzing and solving problems. 6、他一直在这个学校教书教了十年。 Have been doing He has been writing letters all the morning. He has been teaching for 10 years in this school. 三、理清汉语的句子结构1、晚上躺在这张陌生的床上实在是难以入睡。Have you had your breadfast? Hello, good morning

13、 Where are you going to ? What are you going to do? It is difficult for me to go to sleep on the strange bed. *At night, being on a strange bed prevent me from sleeping. I couldnt fall asleep on a different bed.2、非法停车将被拖走。*Illegal parking will be towed away. Illegal parked cars will be towed away. I

14、dle people should not be come in. -Authorized entry NO Smoking , NO Littering Recovery of launches here . -Here launches recovery of . 3、看到家乡发生了这么大的变化使我很吃惊。 *To see the great changes of my hometown greatly astonished me.I was greatly astonished to see the great changes of my hometown.Be surprised to

15、 do sth = be astonished to do sth = be shocked to do sth Bring about Great changes took place in my hometown . Air pollution brought about by fumes from cars is getting serious . 4、专利是一种官方文件，发明人根据该文件可以控制(使用他的发明物)的权利。 A patent is an official document by which an inventor can control the right to use

16、his invention.四、指代要准确，避免语意混乱。这所大学有许多国内外著名的教授。 *The university has many well-known professors at home and abroad. The university has many professors well-known/famous at home and abroad.汉译英翻译练习1. 为了In order to/ To 将我国建设成为世界上的强国strong/powerful , 需要进一步发展我国的教育事业.It is necessary/essential to develop furt

17、her education 教育一方面on the one hand 要为国家培养cultivate/ train, 优秀good, excellent 的专业professional / academic 人才talents , 如such as . 科学家, 工程师,医生等and so on /and so forth .另一方面on the other hand 还要致力于focus on /concentrate on 提高improve 国民素质nations quality .只有我国的教育达到了国际先进水平, 中国才能成为一个真正的强国. Only if .reach/ get

18、to international advanced level can Chnia become a real/genuine powerful country. In order to build our country into a strong country in the world, it is necessary to further develop its education. On the one hand, education should help to train excellent professionals such as scientists, engineers,

19、 doctors and so on. On the other hand, it should also help to improve the nations quality. Only if our countrys education has come up to the international standards, can China become a real strong country. 2. 中国人的最显著特点之一就是他们能够吸引外国人的喜爱.One of the most remarkable/striking about Chinese is that (be abl

20、e to , have the ability to do sth) they are able to /have the ability to attract the foreigners. 几乎所有欧洲人都喜欢中国, 无论是旅游者或者多年在此常驻的人都是如此. Almost all Europeans like China, no matter whether they are tourists or live there for many years. 外国人在中国人中间住久了,往往会接受中国人的观点和价值标准. (tend to . be prone to , be apt to .)

21、 Foreigners who have lived long among Chinese tend to accept Chinese views/outlook and value standards . 西方人中间有一种理论, 认为中国人是看不透的. There is a theory among westerns that the Chinese couldnt be seen through. One of the most remarkable things about the Chinese is their power of securing/getting/obtaining

22、 the affection of foreigners. Almost all Europeans like China, both those who come only as tourists and those who live there for many years. Those who have lived long among the Chinese tend to acquire their outlook and their standards. There is a theory among westerners that the Chinese is inscrutab

23、le. 3. 计算机(with 以史无前例的能力, ability of 令人难以置信的大容量capacity 和快速度rapid speed) 分析传递各种不同的数据. (incredible=unbelievable , incredulous) With its unprecedented ability of incredible capacity and rapid speed, computer can analyze and transmit various data. (data, datum ) (media, medium ) (phenomena, phenomenon

24、) Transmit =spread transmission Transfer , transference Transform, transformation Transplant, tranplanation Transact, transaction Transit, transition Transparent , Transcient = in a short period Translate, translation Transport, transportation Precede = go before He preceded me in attending the clas

25、s. Precedent : adj Previous teaching experience precious = with value = invaluable, priceless useless, worthless unprecedented ; indispensable Prior to = before Proceed to do sth =continue to do sth Process 因此, So, thus, therefore, 计算机与其他越来越强的increasingly powerful 分析analyzing 工具tools 的使用结合起combine w

26、ith 去观察observe 周围无形的invisible/intangible 宇宙universe 世界, It 使获取acquire 知识的速度rate 提高raise/improve 到了令人惊讶astonishing speed 的速度. So, combined with other increasingly powerful analyzing tools for observing invisible universe around us, it will raise the rate of acquiring knowledge to astonishing speed. S

27、econd-language acquisition With its unprecedented power of analysis and dissemination of extremely varied kind of data is unbelievable quantities and at mind -staggering speeds, it has become a major force behind the latest acceleration in knowledge-acquisition. Combined with other increasingly powe

28、rful analytical tools for observing the invisible universe around us, it has raised the rate of knowledge-acquisition to dumbfounding speeds. 4. “美国梦” 一词通常指(一个人对自己在美国的安定生活所抱的) 希望.The term “ American dream” 一个新移民也许梦想能学会英语, 找到稳定的工作和拥有自己的公寓. 对美国现在的年轻人来说, 他们的梦想可能是拥有高薪的科技性工作,从而能过早退休, 投身于帮助他人的事业中. The phr

29、ase “ American dream “ generally refers to the hopes (one has for his own well-being/ for his steady life in America.) A new immigrant may dream of mastering the language, holding a steady job , and having his own apartment. For young American people today, the dream might include a very high-paying

30、 technology job from which one could retire at an early age and devote oneself to helping others. 5. 信用卡能使enable to do sth 持卡人holders 通过赊帐on credit 的方式购买商品get /obtain goods 和得到服务service . 信用卡they issue 由银行和信用卡公司companies 发放给经过批准approved customers/ clients 的客户. 银行或信用卡公司结清settle ones account /bill客户的帐

31、单, 按月给客户开列其消费清单list .expense items monthly ，收取钱款利息charge interests .这些金融financial organizations 机构的利润profits 来自所收取的高额利息high rate of interests and fees paid by some units/organizations that can accept credit cards for expenditure. 和接受信用卡单位缴纳的代理费. Credit card , on credit I bought my computer on credit

32、./on loan . Enough credits . Credit cards enable their holders to obtain goods and services on credit. They are issued by banks and credit-card companies to approved clients. The bank or credit-card company settles the clients bills , invoicing him monthly and charging interest on any outstanding de

33、bts. Their profit comes from the high rate of interest charged and the fees paid by some organizations that accept cards. 6. 今年广州政府决定由政府出资让公务员civil servants 在职part-time 学习一些学位或非学位non-degree 的课程subjects/courses 以in order to 提高公务员的素质quality , 提高政府的办事效率efficiency . This year, Guangzhou governmnet has d

34、ecided to pay for the part-time degree and non-degree subjects for its civil servants in order to improve the quality of the civil servants and the efficiency of the government. 这一决定引起了当地人的争议, 他们对于用纳税人taxpayers 的钱来支付公务员的学费的合法性legality of 提出了质疑question . This decision has caused a debate /dispute amo

35、ng the local people, who question the legality of using taxpayers money to pay the tuition of the civil rights. 有些人说:继续教育further educaiton 是他们自己的事ones business , 让纳税人为他们买单是不公平unfair 的.Some people say that further education should be their own business. It is unfair for taxpayers to pay for it. This

36、year Guangzhou municipal governments has decided to pay for the part-time degree and non-degree course of its civil servants in order to improve the quality of the civil servants and the efficiency of the government. This decision has raised a debate among the local people, who question the legality

37、 of using taxpayers money to pay the tuition of the civil servants. Some say that further education is up to the individual. It is unfair for taxpayers to pay for it. 认识落后， 才能改变落后。 Backwardness can be changed after it is realized. 成功是失败之母。 Success is the mother of failure. Success goes after failure

38、. Failure goes before success. 7. 中国西部be rich in /be abundant in 自然资源丰富, 景色迷人, 人口稀少, 这使该地区成为理想ideal 的投资环境investment . West China is rich in natural resources, fascination in scenery and sparse in population, which makes it an ideal environment for investment. 大规模的开发将对中国目前为摆脱贫困做出的努力产生深刻的影响. In large

39、scale Pose/have .influence /impact on .Development in large scale will have deep/significant impact on CHInas efforts to get rid of/shake off poverty. 繁荣, 富裕的西部将是中国人奋斗的目标.A properous and wealthy/rich West is what our Chinese are seeking to attain. West China is abundant in natural resources, fascina

40、tion in scenery and sparse in population, which makes it an ideal environment for investment. Large-scale development will have significant impact on Chinas ongoing effort to shake off poverty. A prosperous and wealthy west is what the Chinese are striving for ( is the goal that the Chinese are seek

41、ing to attain.)8. 超重对人健康产生的危害是不可低估的. 有证据表明许多种疾病与超重有关. 值得注意的是, 到健身俱乐部健身或开始跑步的人越来越多. 在我看来, 最不可取的是试图通过不吃早餐使自己苗条. The harm of overweight to health cant be underestimated. (there is no understanding the harm of). There is evidence that many diseases are related to overweight. It is worth noticing that mo

42、re and more people ( an increasing number of people) work out at fitness clubs or take up jogging (there are more and more .who.) . It seems to me that the most undesirable is to try to lose weight by skipping breakfast. 9. 对于任何活着的人来说, 最宝贵的是身心健康, 财富和地位是次要的. 尽管有些根深蒂固的观念, 保持健康的方式因人而异. 专家们一致认为经常运动, 良好的

43、饮食习惯和轻松的生活有助于长寿. For everyone alive, nothing is more important than physical and mental health, while wealth and status are secondary . In spite of some deep-rooted (established) concepts, ways of keeping fit vary from person to person. Experts all agree that regular exercise, healthy dietary habits

44、 and relaxation contribute to a long life. 10. 自然保护区的增加表明环保意识在增强. 保护濒危动物和维护生物多样化已变得更加迫切. 目前, 该项目面临的最的困难是缺少资金和动物栖息地的缩小. 希望有关部门能向前看, 而不是只顾眼前利益.The increasing number of (mounting) nature reserves shows (suggests) the better awareness of environmental protection. Protecting (protection of) endangered sp

45、ecies and preserving (maintaining) biological diversity have taken on new urgency. The biggest difficulty facing this program is the lack of fund and shrinkage of animals habitats. It is hoped (Hopefully) that departments concerned can look ahead rather than focus exclusively on short-term interests

46、.11. 中国是个严重缺水的国家， 全国人均可用水量为2200立方米，仅为世界人均用水量的四分之一。 中国的城市缺水的问题更加严重，在660个城市中有440多个城市面临水荒。现在一些大学里已经采取了措施以提高学生们的节水意识， 例如， 有些学校开始使用水卡来计量学生的用水量等。 China is a country seriously short of water. The water availability per person in the country is only 2200 cubic meters, which is only one quarter of the world

47、average. The problem is more serious in Chinas cities, with more than 440out of 660 cities facing water shortage. Now some universities have already taken steps to enhance students awareness of the significance of saving water. For example, some universities have introduced a water card to measure t

48、he use of water.12. 对于很多人来说手机已经不仅仅是通讯工具了。 它可以是时钟、日历、电话号码簿、备忘录， 甚至是女孩子防止讨厌的男孩子打扰的武器。 一位女孩儿说当她看到讨厌的男孩向她走来时， 她最好的办法就是拿起手机假装与某人打电话。 To many people, the cell (mobile) phone is not just a means of communication. It can be a clock, a calendar, a directory, a memo, or even a weapon to protect girls from ann

49、oying boys. A girl said whenever she saw an annoying boy approaching her, the best way for her to get rid of him was to pick up the cell phone and pretend to talk to someone.13. 最近的一项调查表明， 中国读书和杂志的人数比1998年降低了8.7%， 而且总人数中只有百分之五的人经常读书。 然而这一调查结果并不需要我们过分担心。 读书人数的减少反映了人们生活方式的变化， 人们获取信息的渠道已不再仅限于出版物了。越来越多的

50、人承认他们一般都是通过上网而不是通过读书和杂志来获得信息的。 A recent survey suggests that the number of the Chinese who read books and magazines has fallen 8.7 percent, and only 5% of the total population are habitual book readers. However, we shouldnt get too worried about the result. The decline in the number of book readers

51、just reflects a changing lifestyle. Peoples access to information is no longer limited to printed publications. More and more people admit that they are turning to the Internet for information, instead of reading books and magazines.14. 如果没有计划生育政策，现在中国的人口将会是16亿而不是13亿。计划生育政策不仅是中国人口减少了3个亿 ， 而且缓解了人类对自然

52、资源 、环境和社会的压力， 因此在很大的程度上促进了中国经济的快速发展。 Without family planning policy, Chinas population would have reached 160billion instead of the present number of 130 billion. The family planning policy has not only helped reduce the population by 300million but alleviated human pressures on natural resources, t

53、he environment and society， therefore it has greatly promoted Chinas rapid economic development.15. 人们每天都接触电视广告。 其特点是精彩的画面、对产品优点的描述。 广告的目的是增加销售额， 但怀疑的心理是大多数人不愿意相信这些商品的价值。 人们已逐渐意识到商品最重要的是信誉。 People are daily exposed to TV commercials, which are characterized by beautiful scenes and descriptions of the products advantages. Ads are meant (aim at/are intended) to increase sales, but suspicion makes most people unwilling (reluctant) to believe in the value of these commodities. People have come to realize that the most important thing about commodities is reputation. 23