机电工程专业英语优质文档

《机电工程专业英语优质文档》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《机电工程专业英语优质文档（129页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、CONTENTS Lesson 1 Introduction to Machinery Design Lesson 2 Mechanisms Lesson 3 Machine Parts(I)Lesson 4 Machine Parts(II)Lesson 5 Engineering Graphic in the Third-angle Projection Lesson 6 Introduction to CAD/CAM/CAPP Lesson 7 A Discussion on Modern Design Optimization Lesson 8 Using Dynamic Simula

2、tion in the Development of Construction Machinery Lesson 9 Engineering Tolerance Lesson 10 Numerical Control Lesson 11 Introduction to Heat Pipe Technology in Machining Process Lesson 12 Introduction to Material Forming Lesson 13 Material Forming Processes Lesson 14 Introduction to Mould Lesson 15 M

3、ould Design and Manufacturing Lesson 16 Heat Treatment of Metal Lesson 17 Virtual Manufacturing Lesson 18 Fluid and Hydraulic System Lesson 19 Product Test and Quality Control Lesson 20 Introduction of Automobile Engine Lesson 21 The Automobile Components Lesson 22 Mechatronics Lesson 23 Industrial

4、Robots Lesson 24 An Army of Small Robots Lesson 25 Introduction to MEMS Lesson 26 DialogueAt CIMT Lesson 27 Virtual Manufacturing Lesson 2 Mechanisms 2.1 Text A mechanism is the members combination more than two or two connections with the members to realize the regulation motion made up by way of t

5、he activity.They are the component of machinery.Activity connections between two members that have the relative motion are called the motion pairs.Fig.2.1 Types of Cams 2.2 Words and phrasesmechanism n.机构motion pairs 运动副disposition n.配置；排列machine frame 机座，机架coordinate n.坐标motivity member 原动件paramete

6、r n.参变量driven member 从动件free degree 自由度categorize v.分类category n.种类，逻辑范畴planar adj.平面的，平坦的spherical adj.球的，球形的spatial adj.空间的loci n.locus的复数形式 点的轨迹 2.3 Complex Sentence Analysis1 The motion specific property of mechanism chiefly depends on the relative size between the member,and the character of mo

7、tion pairs,as well as the mutual disposition method etc.机构的运动特性主要取决于构件间的相对大小、运动副的性质以及相互配置方式等。specific property：特性 as well as：不但而且；和一样；和；也，表示递进或并列关系。2 The criterion which distinguishes the groups，however，is to be found in the characteristics of the motions of the links然而，区别分类的标准在于连杆装置的运动特性。which引导定语从

8、句，修饰criterion to be found为不定式被动语态。1inks译为“连杆装置”。3 This characteristic makes it possible to represent the locus of any chosen point of a planar mechanism in its true size and shape on a single drawing or figure 有了这一特点，就能够在单个图形或图像上，以实际的尺寸和形状来绘出平面机构的任意选择点的轨迹。makes it possible：使可能 represent：描绘，展现 planar

9、 mechanism：平面机构。in size and shape：在大小和形状方面 2.4 Exercise：Translate the lineate phrases and fill in the brackets.该机构为平面四连杆机构()，1为机架()，2为原动件()，3、4为从动件()，A为回转副()，属于低副()，B为固定连接()。构件()4中的焊接符号()表示4为一个构件。该机构的自由度数()必须等于原动件数，才能实现确定的运动()。Lesson 7 A Discussion on Modern Design Optimization 7.1 Text The integrat

10、ion of optimization techniques with Finite Element Analysis(FEA)and CAD is having pronounced effects on the product design process.1This integration has the power to reduce design costs by shifting the burden from the engineer to the computer.Furthermore,the mathematical rigor of a properly implemen

11、ted optimization tool can add confidence to the design process.Generally,an optimization method controls a series of applications,including CAD software as well as FEA automatic solid meshers and analysis processors.This combination allows for shape optimizations on CAD parts or assemblies under a w

12、ide range of physical scenarios including mechanical and thermal effects.Modern optimization methods perform shape optimizations on components generated within a choice of CAD packages.Ideally,there is seamless data exchange via direct memory transfer between the CAD and FEA applications without the

13、 need for file translation.Furthermore,if associativity between the CAD and FEA software exists,any changes made in the CAD geometry are immediately reflected in the FEA model.In the approach taken by ALGOR,the design optimization process begins before the FEA model is generated.The user simply sele

14、cts which dimension in the CAD model needs to be optimized and the design criterion,which may include maximum stresses,temperatures or frequencies.The analysis process appropriate for the design criteria is then performed.The results of the analysis are compared with the design criterion,and,if nece

15、ssary without any human intervention,the CAD geometry is updated.2Care is taken such that the FEA model is also updated using the principle of associativity,which implies that constraints and loads are preserved from the prior analysis.The new FEA model,including a new high-quality solid mesh,is now

16、 analyzed,and the results are again compared with the design criterion.This process is repeated until the design criterion is satisfied.Fig.7.1 shows the procedure of shape optimization.Introduction The typical design process involves iterations during which the geometry of the part(s)is altered.In

17、general,each iteration also involves some form of analysis in order to obtain viable engineering results.Optimal designs may require a large number of such iterations,each of which is costly,especially if one considers the value of an engineers time.The principle behind design optimization applicati

18、ons is to relieve the engineer of the laborious task by automatically conducting these iterations.At first glance,it may appear that design optimization is a means to replace the engineer and his or her expertise from the design loop.Design optimization applications tend to be numerically intensive

19、because they must still perform the geometrical and analysis iterations.3Fortunately,most design optimization problems can be cast as a mathematical optimization problem for which there exist many efficient solution methods.The drawback to having many methods is that there usually exists an optimum

20、mathematical optimization method for a given problem.This complexity should be remedied by the design optimization application by giving the engineer not only a choice of methods,but also a suggestion as to which approach is most appropriate for his or her design problem.Fig.7.1 Procedure of Shape O

21、ptimizationBackground and Theory In this section,we focus on the theory underlying some of the mathematical methods employed by design optimization procedures.But,first we describe how the optimization problem arises.Consider a three-step process:(1)Generation of geometry of part or assembly in CAD;

22、(2)Creation of FEA model of part or assembly;(3)Evaluation of results of FEA models.Benefits and Drawbacks The elimination or reduction of repetitive manual tasks has been the impetus behind many software applications.Automatic design optimization is one of the latest applications used to reduce man

23、-hours at the expense of possibly increasing the computational effort.It is even possible that an automatic design optimization scheme may actually require less computational effort than a manual approach.This is because the mathematical rigor on which these schemes are based may be more efficient t

24、han a human-based solution.Of course,these schemes do not replace human intuition,which can occasionally significantly shorten the design cycle.7.2 Words and phrasesoptimization n.最佳化，最优化finite element analysis(FEA)有限元分析computer aided design(CAD)计算机辅助设计burden n.担子，负担，责任，义务rigor n.严格，严密，精确mesh n.网孔，网

25、格，网状物scenario n.意大利语方案，情况seamless adj.无缝的，无伤痕的criterion n.标准，规范，准则，判据iteration n.反复，迭代geometry n.几何学，几何图形，表面形状gauge v.判断，测试，测定，测量intensive adj.强化的，加强的cast v.计算，派(角色)，分类整理assembly n.组合，装配，部件，汇编variable n.可变物，变量 adj.可变的，变量的warrant v.成为的证据，保证，证明是正确的yield v.产出，产生，提供，给予underlying adj.(做)基础的，根本的linear adj

26、.线的，直线的，线性的function n.功能，作用，数函数constraint n.约束，强制，局促impetus n.推动力，促进，刺激，激励scheme n.计划，阴谋，方案，图解 6.3 Complex Sentence Analysis1 This integration has the power to reduce design costs by shifting the burden from the engineer to the computer.power：能力，has the power to翻译成“能够”。注意power在作为“能力”时和ability的区别，和ab

27、ility相比power更强调“本能，智能和体能”，试比较：Some animals have the power to see in the dark.He has a strong ability to deal with the business.2 Care is taken such that the FEA model is also updated using the principle of associativity,which implies that constraints and loads are preserved from the prior analysis.主

28、句很短，such that引导状语从句。which引导非限定性定语从句，which代表前面这个句子的意思。此外上述句子，还可写成以下两种形式：Care is taken such that the FEA model is also updated using the principle of associativity,as implies that constraints and loads are preserved from the prior analysis.As implies that constraints and loads are preserved from the p

29、rior analysis,Care is taken such that the FEA model is also updated using the principle of associativity.3 Fortunately,most design optimization problems can be cast as a mathematical optimization problem for which there exist many efficient solution methods.cast：派(角色)，此处be cast as转译为“看成”。for which：介

30、词+which引导的定语从句修饰其前面的problem。试比较：At an instant,the energy in the control volume includes the rate at which thermal and mechanical energy enters and leave through the control surface.4 One definite advantage of automated methods over manual approaches is that software applications,if implemented corre

31、ctly,should consider all variable possibilities.advantageover：与相比的优越性 that引导表语从句，其中if implemented correctly是插入短语。7.4 Exercise：Translate the Following Paragraphs Optimization is concerned with finding the best possible solution,formally referred to as the optimal solution,to a particular problem(for

32、example,a design problem).The term optimization is often used very loosely in general speech,for our purposes it has a precise meaning:the action of finding the best possible solution to a problem as defined by an unambiguous criterion:the cost function.Lesson 8 Using Dynamic Simulation in the Devel

33、opment of Construction Machinery 8.1 Text Introduction 1The general motives for“Virtual Prototyping”are probably familiar to all engineers:Stricter legal requirements(e.g.with regard to exhaust emissions and sound)and tougher customer demands(e.g.with regard to performance and handling)lead to more

34、advanced,complex systems,which are harder to optimize.With traditional methods,development will cost more and need more time.In contrast to this,increased competition demands lower development cost and shorter project times.“Virtual Prototyping”has been generally adopted in the vehicle industry as a

35、 major step towards solving this conflict both on the consumer side(cars)and on the commercial side(trucks and buses as shown in Fig.8.1).Having started with simulation of sub-systems,the state-of the-art is simulation of complete vehicles,mostly for evaluation of handling,comfort,and durability but

36、 also for crash-tests.Fig.8.1 Multi-body Model of a Volvo L220E Wheel Loader,Loading GravelDesign Process and Visualization The aim of the present project is evolution of the current product development process,rather than revolution by means of Design Science.The research question is therefore how

37、to augment the existing design process with dynamic simulation.3As mentioned before,the focus is on analysis and optimization of overall performance and related aspects.The revised design process has to fulfil the following non-optional targets:Lead to development of compared with today.Saved resour

38、ces(time,money,and people)can then be spent on optimizing one or all of the aspects mentioned in the first item in the list.Fig.8.2 Initial Calculation Loop for Balancing the Main System Fig.8.3 Dynamic Torque Curve of a Modern,TurboCharged Diesel Engine Conclusion and OutlookThis paper presented th

39、e joint research by Volvo Wheel Loaders and Linkping University on simulation of complete machines for analysis and optimization of overall performance.The motivation on the side of the industrial partner is to develop products of equally high performance,efficiency and operatability,but with more r

40、obustness regarding these aspects,in a shorter time and at a lower total development cost.A revised product development process(with regard to the research topic)has been proposed.Examples of areas for future research have also been presented.Research in the immediate future will focus on a definiti

41、on of operatability(including quantification),as well as practical simulation problems.8.2 Words and phrasesdynamic simulation 动态仿真Virtual Prototyping 虚拟原型机off-road adj.道路之外的，越野的 lag v.缓缓而行，滞后；v.落后于，加上外套amortization n.摊销，分期偿付topologically adv.拓扑地optimization n.最佳化，最优化hydrodynamic adj.水压的，液力的，流体动力学的a

42、ugment v.增加，增大；n.增加operatability n.操作性能robustness n.耐用，坚固proprietary adj.专利的，独占的，私有的downscale v.缩减规模；按比例缩减，减少reiteration n.重复，反复checkpoint n.关卡，公路检查站，检查点jerky adj.急拉的，急动的concurrent adj.同时，兼，并行地scenario n.游戏的关，某一特定情节perspective n.透视图，远景，观点，观察 8.3 Complex Sentence Analysis1 The general motives for“Vir

43、tual Prototyping”are probably familiar to all engineers.be familiar to=be known to(某人或某物)对是熟悉的e.g.The food and the climate here are familiar to me.我对这儿的饮食和气候比较熟悉。试比较：be familiar with(某人)熟悉。2 One reason for the off-road equipment industry lagging behind can be found in the size of these companies.该句中

44、lagging behind作定语修饰前面的 industry，意思是“落后，滞后”。3 As mentioned before,the focus is on analysis and optimization of overall performance and related aspects.此句中，as替代the focus is on analysis and optimization of overall performance and related aspects。4 Only if the deviation is too high will a new static cal

45、culation loop need to be started(with the original product targets as input).当only引导副词、副词性词组和状语句子时，后面所跟的主句一般需倒装。试比较：Only then did I realize made such a big mistake.只是在那时，我才认识到我犯了一个多么大的错误。Only when one loses health does he know its value.只有当人们身体不好时才认识到健康的重要性。3 As mentioned before,the focus is on anal

46、ysis and optimization of overall performance and related aspects.此句中，as替代the focus is on analysis and optimization of overall performance and related aspects。4 Only if the deviation is too high will a new static calculation loop need to be started(with the original product targets as input).当only引导副

47、词、副词性词组和状语句子时，后面所跟的主句一般需倒装。试比较：Only then did I realize made such a big mistake.只是在那时，我才认识到我犯了一个多么大的错误。Only when one loses health does he know its value.只有当人们身体不好时才认识到健康的重要性。8.4 Exercise：Translate the Following Paragraphs As shown earlier,off-road equipment consists of systems from various domains,an

48、d most of them need to be taken into account when simulating performance of complete machines，which is usually a collaborative activity.As noted by many researchers,engineers have often already chosen one domain-specific simulation program that they are familiar with.Instead of forcing migration to

49、one monolithic simulation system that can be used in several domains(but offers only limited functionality in the individual domain),a better approach is to couple the specialized,single-domain tools.This has the advantage that both pre-and post-processing are done decentralized,in the engineers dom

50、ain-specific tools.Lesson 8 Heat Treatment of Metal 8.1 Text The generally accepted definition for heat treating metals and metal alloys is“heating and cooling a solid metal or alloy in a way so as to obtain specific conditions and I or properties.”Heating for the sole purpose of hot working(as in f

51、orging operations)is excluded from this definitionLikewise，the types of heat treatment that are sometimes used for products such as glass or plastics are also excluded from coverage by this definition Lesson 10 Numerical Control 10.1 Text Numerical control(NC)is a form of programmable automation in

52、which the processing equipment is controlled by means of numbers，letters，and other symbolsThe numbers，letters，and symbols are coded in an appropriate format to define a program of instructions for a particular workpart or job.The instructions are provided by either of the two binary coded decimal sy

53、stems:the Electronic Industries Association(EIA)code,or the American Standard Code for Information Interchange(ASCII).Basic Components of NCA numerical control system consists of the following three basic components：(1)Program instructions(2)Machine control unit(3)Processing equipmentThe program ins

54、tructions are the detailed step by step commands that direct the processing equipment3In its most common form，the commands refer to positions of a machine tool spindle with respect to the worktable on which the part is fixedMore advanced instructions include selection of spindle speeds，cutting tools

55、，and other functions.Types of NCThere are two basic types of numerical control systems：point to point and contouringPoint to point control system,also called positioning,are simpler than contouring control systemIts primary purpose is to move a tool or workpiece from one programmed point to another.

56、Usually the machine function，such as a drilling operation，is also activated at each point by command from the NC ProgramPoint to point systems are suitable for hole machining operations such as drilling,countersinking，counterboring，reaming，boring and tapping.Hole punching machines，spotwelding machin

57、es，and assembly machines also use point to point NC systems Programming for NC4A program for numerical control consists of a sequence of directions that causes an NC machine to carry out a certain operation,machining being the most commonly used process.Programming for NC may be done by an internal

58、programming department,on the shop floor,or purchased from an outside source.Also,programming may be done manually or with computer assistance.DNC and CNCThe development of numerical control was a significant achievement in batch and job shop manufacturing，from both a technological and a commercial

59、viewpointThere have been two enhancements and extensions of NC technology，including：(1)Direct numerical control(2)Computer numerical control 10.2 Words and phrasesnumerical control 数字控制instruction n.指令binary adj.二进制lathe n.车床mill v.铣drill v.钻bore v.镗grind v.磨turret n.转盘punch n.冲床flame n.(电)火化wire-cu

60、tting 线切割pipe bender 弯管机spindle n.主轴contour n.轮廓workpiece n.工件countersink n.钻(沉头)孔counterbore n.镗(沉头)孔ream n.铰孔tapping n.攻丝spotwelding 点焊synchronization n.同步interpolation n.插补parabolic adj.抛物线的compensation n.补偿pertain v.合适coolant n.冷却液clamping n.夹紧miniaturization n.小型化dedicated adj.专用的 10.3 Complex

61、Sentence Analysis1 Numerical control(NC)is a form of programmable automation in which the processing equipment is controlled by means of numbers，letters，and other symbols数控技术是一种利用程序实现自动控制的技术，加工制造设备采用数控技术后能由数字、字符和符号等进行控制。a form of“一个的形式”in which引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的programmable automation by means of“通过”，“使

62、用方法”2 Automation operation by NC is readily adaptable to the operation of all metalworking machines.Lathes,milling machines,drill presses,boring machines,grinding machines,turret punches,flame or wire-cutting and welding machines,and even pipe benders are available with numerical controls.数控加工制造目前已经

63、广泛地应用于几乎所有的金属加工机床：车床，铣床，钻床，镗床，磨床，回转冲床，电火花或线切割机床以及焊接机床，甚至弯管机也可采用数控加工技术。is adaptable to“可适用于”are available with“用有效”3 In its most common form，the commands refer to positions of a machine tool spindle with respect to the worktable on which the part is fixed 最常用的指令形式可以使机床刀具主轴位于工作台上的具体位置，工作台是用于固定加工零件的。re

64、fer to表示“指”的意思 with respect to表示“相对于”的意思 on which引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的worktable4 A program for numerical control consists of a sequence of directions that causes an NC machine to carry out a certain operation，machining being the most commonly used process 数控系统(NC)的程序包括使数控(NC)机床进行操作和机加工中最常用的一系列指令。consist of

65、表示为“包含”的意思 that引导的从句修饰前面的directions machining是一个名词，表示“制造”的意思 being是一个分词短语结构形式 10.4 Exercise：Translate the Following Paragraphs Numerical control may be defined as a method of accurately managing the movement of machine tools by a series of programmed numerical data which activate the motors of the m

66、achine tool.There is nothing complex or magical about this system.It is based on the simple fundamental that combines automatic measurement of machine table slide will move with a series of programmed instructions.Lesson 13 Material Forming Processes 13.1 Text In this section,a short description of the process examples about material forming will be given.But assembly and joining processes are not described here.ForgingForging can be characterized as:mass conserving,solid state of work material(