制造业物流管理技巧与评估体系课件

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1、Self-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page1 制造业物流管理技巧与评估体系制造业物流管理技巧与评估体系飞利浦照明集团飞利浦照明集团 胡胡 恩恩2002.2002.05.1705.17 上上 海海Self-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page2 物流部门在制造企业的主要职能物流部门在制造企业的主要职能 安全库存和预测在供应链物流中的作用安全库存和预测在供应链物流中的作用 衡量物流部门绩效的衡

2、量物流部门绩效的KPIKPI 第三方物流企业能为你做些什么第三方物流企业能为你做些什么 供应链管理过程评估工具供应链管理过程评估工具Self-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page3 制造企业的物流过程制造企业的物流过程销售销售预测预测生产生产计划计划原料原料采购采购存货存货管理管理厂内厂内运输运输成品成品储存储存出厂出厂运输运输订单订单处理处理客户客户服务服务采购部门采购部门物流部门物流部门生产部门生产部门物流部门物流部门销售部门销售部门物流部门物流部门Self-assessment ITM

3、Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page4 制造企业的物流职能制造企业的物流职能企业经营发展战略企业经营发展战略物流战略物流战略物流计划物流计划绩效评估绩效评估费用管理费用管理成本控制成本控制订单处理订单处理客户服务客户服务进厂运输进厂运输成品成品储存储存厂内厂内运输运输货物货物包装包装存货存货管理管理分销分销计划计划销售销售预测预测货物验收货物验收生产计划生产计划原料采购原料采购出厂出厂运输运输地区地区储存储存业务职能业务职能:管理职能管理职能:微微观观职职能能宏观职能宏观职能:Self-assessment ITM Exe

4、cution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page5 物流和商流的关系物流和商流的关系商品流通：商品流通：买卖买卖 备货备货 运输运输 储存储存区区 域域 特特 征征渠渠 道道 特特 征征产产 品品 特特 征征促促 销销 特特 征征 信信 用用 特特 征征商流物流物流服务于商流物流服务于商流;物流可以与商流分离，独立研究物流可以与商流分离，独立研究Self-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page6 销售物流内部架构设置销售物流内部架构设置 按功

5、能分按功能分B.按产品类别分按产品类别分C.按销售渠道分按销售渠道分物流经理物流经理计划和采计划和采购主管购主管订单处理和客订单处理和客户服务主管户服务主管运输和仓运输和仓储主管储主管.物流经理物流经理甲产品物甲产品物流主管流主管乙产品物乙产品物流主管流主管丙产品物丙产品物流主管流主管.物流经理物流经理批发渠道批发渠道工程渠道工程渠道OEM渠道渠道.Self-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page7 1.1.全球经济衰退及中国成为全球制造中心对中国物流业的影响全球经济衰退及中国成为全球制造中心对

6、中国物流业的影响对制造企业对制造企业 正面影响正面影响?负面影响负面影响?对物流企业对物流企业 正面影响正面影响?负面影响负面影响?2.2.汤姆汤姆.彼得斯在彼得斯在出版出版2020周年之际周年之际,坦陈它的缺失坦陈它的缺失,并意识到并意识到:我们正处在一个非理性的时代我们正处在一个非理性的时代,商业世界里没有现成商业世界里没有现成的蓝图和路线的蓝图和路线.在这个多变的商业环境里在这个多变的商业环境里,企业的企业的CEO,CFO,CEO,CFO,销售销售总监是如何看待供应链物流的总监是如何看待供应链物流的?你作为物流经理在企业中的地位你作为物流经理在企业中的地位如何如何?如何面对机遇和挑战如何

7、面对机遇和挑战?Self-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page8 3.3.如何理解预测在物流工作中的作用如何理解预测在物流工作中的作用?如何理解预测如何理解预测 与与“牛鞭效应牛鞭效应”的关系的关系?4.4.贵司采用哪些贵司采用哪些KPIKPI来评价物流工作来评价物流工作?如何与物流企业的如何与物流企业的 物流服务标准相对接物流服务标准相对接.5.5.货主企业一般通过招标的方式来选择物流企业货主企业一般通过招标的方式来选择物流企业,请各请各 自从货主企业和物流企业的角度阐明其利弊自从货主企业和

8、物流企业的角度阐明其利弊.6.6.货主企业与物流企业之间的协议是否应该有标准化格货主企业与物流企业之间的协议是否应该有标准化格 式式?与物流服务标准应建立何种联系与物流服务标准应建立何种联系?Self-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page9 7.7.如何衡量物流配送质量和效率如何衡量物流配送质量和效率,使物流配送成为双赢使物流配送成为双赢的的 服务服务?8.8.物流企业如何整合你的外部资源物流企业如何整合你的外部资源,以取得竞争优势以取得竞争优势?Self-assessment ITM Exe

9、cution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page10Those stocks or items used to support production(raw materials and work-in-process items),supporting activities(maintenance,repair,and operating suppliers),and customer service(finished goods and spare parts)Anticipation inventory -for future dema

10、nd;Fluctuation inventory -commonly called safety stock;Lot-size inventory -lot-size purchasing or manufacturing;Transportation inventory -goods on-board shipping;Hedge inventory -to protect against price fluctuations.Self-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page11DesignP

11、urchaseManufactureAssemble ShipInventoryManufactureAssemble ShipManufactureInventoryAssembleShipManufactureAssembleInventoryShipSelf-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page12A need for a particular product or component.Customers Spare parts Promotions Intracompany Trend

12、 Seasonality Random variation Cyclical variationSales0123456123456789101112Quarters|Year 1|Year 2|Year 3|Self-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page13 forecasts are almost always wrong.Should include an estimate of error.forecast are more accurate for groups of product

13、s.forecasts are more accurate for nearer period of time.Qualitative(定性定性)techniques -are based on intuition(直觉直觉)and informed opinion;they therefore tend to be subjective(主观的主观的).they are used for business planning and forecasting for new products,and are used for medium-to long-range planning.Quant

14、itative(定量定量)techniques -based on historical data and assume future will repeat past.They are often in production planning,and the data are usually readily available from company records.|Self-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page14Inventory must be coordinated to mee

15、t three conflicting objectives:best customer service low-cost plant operation minimum inventory investmentSelf-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page15Extrinsic(外部外部)techniques(also called causal 因果因果 technique)Intrinsic(内部内部)techniques Moving Average(移动平均移动平均)Forecast

16、ing Exponential Smoothing(指数平滑指数平滑)Seasonality(季节性季节性)Period average sales Average sales for all periodsSeasonal index=Self-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page16 预測预測 1.对能够预测的尽量预测准确，不能预测的必须有应急措施；2.应根据生产规模，产品的特点，企业信息化程度和所需的时间选取合适的预测方法。不能偏面强调预测准确度。库存库存1.在供应链中，选取合适的结点，

17、设置合理的库存；2.对产品寿命周期短，降价快的产品，必须设置较低的库存，反之，可以设置较高的库存。关键关键 提高效率提高效率，缩短交货周期缩短交货周期 大规模定制与延迟生产可以降低成品的预测难度和库存大规模定制与延迟生产可以降低成品的预测难度和库存Self-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page17 物流指标物流指标 KPIKPICLIPCLIPRLIPRLIPICSLICSLI Inventory turns nventory turns S Stock by MAT tock by MAT

18、库存库存Inventory Run RateInventory Run RateP Planning reliability lanning reliability 计划准确率计划准确率Component missing rate Component missing rate 零件缺货率零件缺货率Self-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page18 CLIP=number of order lines shipped in warehouse CLIP=number of order lines

19、 shipped in warehouse within order book lead time/total number of order within order book lead time/total number of order lines to be shipped according to order book lines to be shipped according to order book*100%100%CLIP=CLIP=在后勤手册供货期内进仓的订单数在后勤手册供货期内进仓的订单数/根据后勤手册应该根据后勤手册应该 完成的总订单数完成的总订单数*100%100%R

20、LIP=number of order lines shipped in warehouse RLIP=number of order lines shipped in warehouse within customer required date/total number of order within customer required date/total number of order lines to be shipped according to customer requirement lines to be shipped according to customer requi

21、rement *100%100%RLIP=RLIP=在客户要求供货期内进仓的订单数在客户要求供货期内进仓的订单数/根据客户要求应该完根据客户要求应该完 成的总订单数成的总订单数*100%100%Self-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page19 the agreed the agreed ICSL=number of order lines shipped ex ICSL=number of order lines shipped ex warehouse before date/total

22、number of order lines warehouse before date/total number of order lines agreed to be shipped at that date agreed to be shipped at that date*100%100%ICSL=ICSL=在承诺供货期内出仓的订单数在承诺供货期内出仓的订单数/根据承诺应该完成的总订根据承诺应该完成的总订 单数单数*100%100%Component missing rate=%of immediately component Component missing rate=%of imm

23、ediately component availability(measured at the time when received availability(measured at the time when received customer order)customer order)物料短缺率物料短缺率=客户订单收到时的物料准备率客户订单收到时的物料准备率%Self-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page20 Planning reliability=realized sales per

24、month/sales Planning reliability=realized sales per month/sales plan for this month,made 1 month earlier plan for this month,made 1 month earlier*100%100%计划准确度每月实际销售计划准确度每月实际销售/提前提前1 1个月的销售计划个月的销售计划*100%100%Stock by MAT=total value stock at months end/total Stock by MAT=total value stock at months e

25、nd/total sales of last 12 months,in value sales of last 12 months,in value*100%100%库存库存=月底所有库存资金月底所有库存资金/过去过去1212个月销售金额个月销售金额*100%100%Inventory Run Rate Definition:=%of stock Inventory Run Rate Definition:=%of stock value/past 3 month salesvalue/past 3 month sales*4 4 Inventory Turns=total sales of

26、last 12 Inventory Turns=total sales of last 12 months/average Value stockmonths/average Value stockSelf-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page21 现代物流发展方向现代物流发展方向1.1.物流管理模式的发展方向物流管理模式的发展方向供应链管理供应链管理2.2.物流运作方式的发展方向物流运作方式的发展方向第三方物流第三方物流3.3.电子商务与物流电子商务与物流Self-assessment IT

27、M Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page22 制造企业为什么选择第三方物流企业制造企业为什么选择第三方物流企业1.1.降低成本降低成本 3 3PLPL只能赚取为制造企业省下来的钱只能赚取为制造企业省下来的钱2.32.3PLPL自身的特长及资源自身的特长及资源 3 3PLPL需具备很强的整合能力，愿意不断提升信需具备很强的整合能力，愿意不断提升信 息化水平息化水平3.3.较高的服务水平较高的服务水平 坚持以客户为导向，适应灵活多变的环境坚持以客户为导向，适应灵活多变的环境Self-assessment ITM Executi

28、on Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page23 制造企业的困扰制造企业的困扰 成本显性化，无法体现成本优势成本显性化，无法体现成本优势 整合能力弱，信息化水平低整合能力弱，信息化水平低 不灵活不灵活Self-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page24 Supply chain characteristics:logistic concept2nd tiersuppliers1st tiersuppliersFactoryRDCNSOCustom

29、ersCustomers OrderDecoupling pointPlanning DrivenOrder DrivenSCOR(Supply Chain Operations Reference)modelSelf-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page25 PlanSourceMakeDeliverProcessWhat it representsPlanWhich execution process isbeing plannedSourceHow materials are obtai

30、nedMakeManufacturing productsDeliverMarket channel through whichproducts are delivered tocustomersSelf-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page26 9.Performance measurement and Benchmarking10.Competence ManagementInfrastructurePlanExecutionStrategy/Business Obj.1.Supply c

31、hain architecture2.Supply chain plan3 Source plan7.Deliver plan5.Make plan4.Source exec.an6.Make exec.8.Deliver exec.Self-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page27 1234710InformalOrganizationFunctionalOrganizationIntegratedSupply ChainExtendedEnterpriseSelf-assessment I

32、TM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page28Element 1 SUPPLY CHAIN ARCHITECTUREDefinition:P0:The process of physical configuring the supply chain.This can include forexample decisions on:the number and location of manufacturing sites number of and location of distribution centres sele

33、ction and location of key-suppliers introduction of direct shipments from factories to customers1 Informal Supply-Chain configuration is not designed or managed but has evolved without formal plan processes or strategy or the linking of processes together,no clear logistics concept.2 Transitional Su

34、pply Chain actions are driven by the annual budget cycle.3 Transitional Some cost driven Supply Chain configuration actions are carried out.4 Functional Overall Supply-Chain configuration is based on a cost-based manufacturing strategy.Changes optimise functional performance without regard to overal

35、l Supply-Chain impact.Decoupling points are defined.5 Transitional Overall Supply Chain configuration also considers Source and Deliver cost optimisation.6 Transitional Starting from the Business Strategy a clearly defined Supply-Chain Execution Strategy is developed(which includes a clear definitio

36、n of the decoupling point and an understanding of Stacked Lead-Time).7 Integrated Supply-Chain Supply-Chain configuration is not only cost driven but also focuses on responsiveness,flexibility and meeting market needs.Some major suppliers and customers are involved in the Supply chain configuration

37、process.8 Transitional Supply-Chain configuration also considers integral costs for key partners in the Supply-Chain.9 Transitional Supply-Chain configuration also considers responsiveness for key partners in the Supply Chain.10 The Extended Enterprise Supply-Chain configuration is a dynamic process optimising costs and responsiveness for all partners in the Supply Chain.Self-assessment ITM Execution Process Survey ToolPhilips Lighting SEC/Page29 Thank YouThank You