2017-1995年英语专业八级改错真题及答案-持续更新(部分详解)文字答案校对版

《2017-1995年英语专业八级改错真题及答案-持续更新(部分详解)文字答案校对版》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2017-1995年英语专业八级改错真题及答案-持续更新(部分详解)文字答案校对版（23页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、1995-2017 英语专业八级改错真题及答案（部分详解）文字英语专业八级改错真题及答案（部分详解）文字/答案校对版答案校对版1995-2017 年英语专业八级改错真题及答案年英语专业八级改错真题及答案（文字（文字/答案校对版）答案校对版）2017 年改错真题年改错真题The ability to communicate is the primary factor that distinguishes human beings from animals.And it is the ability to communicate well which 1._distinguishes one in

2、dividual from another.The fact is that apart from the basic necessities,one needs to be equipped with habits for good communication skills,thus this is 2._what will make one a happy and successful social being.In order to develop these habits,one needs to first acknowledgethe fact that they need to

3、improve communication skills from time to time.They need to take stock of the way how they interact and the direction 3._in which their work and personal relations are going.The only constantin life is change,the more one accepts ones strengths and works 4._towards dealing with their shortcomings,sp

4、ecially in the area of 5._communication skills,the better will be their interactions andthe more their social popularity.The dominated question that comes here is:How to improve 6._communication skills?The answer is simple.One can findplenty of literature on this.There are also experts,who conductwo

5、rkshops and seminars based on communication skills of men and women.In fact,a large number of companies are bringing intrainers to regularly make sessions on the subject,in order to 7._help their work force maintain better interpersonal work relations.Today effective communication skills have become

6、 a predominant factor even while recruiting employees.While interviewing candidates,most interviewers judge them on the basis of the skills they communicate with.They believe that some skills can be improvised on the job;but ability to 8._communicate well is important,as every employee becomes there

7、presenting face of the company.There are trainers,who specialized in delivering custom-made 9._programs on the subject.Through the sessions they not only facilitatebetter communication skills in the workplace,but also look into the problems in the manner of being able to convey messages effectively.

8、10._2016 年改错真题年改错真题All social units develop a culture.Even in two-person relationships,a culture develops in time.In friendship and romantic relationships,1._for example,partners develop their own history,shared experiences,language patterns,habits,and customs give that relationship a special 2._cha

9、ractera character that differs it in various ways from 3._other relationships.Examples might include special dates,places,1995-2017 英语专业八级改错真题及答案（部分详解）文字英语专业八级改错真题及答案（部分详解）文字/答案校对版答案校对版songs,or events that come to have a unique and important symbolic meaning for the two individuals.Thus,any 4._socia

10、l unitwhether a relationship,group,organization,or societydevelops a culture with the passage of time.While the defining characteristics of each culture are unique,all cultures share certain same functions.The relationship between 5._communication and culture is a very complex intimate one.6._Cultur

11、es are created through communication;that is,communication isthe means of human interaction,through it cultural characteristics 7._are created and shared.It is not so much that individuals set out to create a culture when they interact in relationships,groups,organizations,or societies,but rather th

12、an that cultures are a natural by-product of social interaction.8._In a sense,cultures are the“residue”of social communication.Without communication and communication media,it would be impossible tohave and pass along cultural characteristics from one place and time to 9._another.One can say,further

13、more,that culture is created,shaped,10._transmitted,and learned through communication.2015 年改错真题年改错真题When I was in my early teens,I was taken to a spectacular show on ice by the mother of a friend.Looked round at the luxury of the 1._rink,my friends mother remarked on the“plush”seats we had been giv

14、en.I did not know what she meant,and being proud of my 2._ vocabulary,I tried to infer its meaning from the context.“Plush”was clearly intended as a complimentary,a positive evaluation;that 3._ much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context.So I 4._ started to use the word.Yes,I replied

15、,they certainly are plush,and so are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters,arent they?My friends mother was very polite to correct me,but I could tell from her 5._ expression that I had not got the word quite right.Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughly means,and that

16、is in fact the way which we usually acquire both 6._ new words and new meanings for familiar words,specially in our 7._ own first language.But sometimes we need to ask,as I should have asked for plush,and this is particularly true in the 8._aspect of a foreign language.If you are continually surroun

17、ded by 9_speakers of the language you are learning,you can ask them directly,but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English.So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap.10._1995-2017 英语专业八级改错真题及答案（部分详解）文字英语专业八级改错真题及答案（部分详解）文字/答案校对版答案校对版2014 年改错真题年改错真题There is widespread

18、consensus among scholars that second languageacquisition(SLA)emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s toearly 1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions 1._have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area:2._Is it possible to acquire an addi

19、tional language in thesame sense one acquires a first language?3._What is the explanation for the fact adults have 4._more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?What motivates people to acquire additional languages?What is the role of the language teaching in the 5._acquisi

20、tion of an additional language?What socio-cultural factors,if any,are relevant in studying thelearning of additional languages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all 6._the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far haveone thing in common:The perspective adopt

21、ed to view the acquiringof an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do 7._so.Whether one labels it“learning”or“acquiring”an additional language,it is an individual accomplishment or what is under 8._focus is the cognitive,psychological,and institutional status of an individual.Tha

22、t is,the spotlight is on what mental capabilities areinvolving,what psychological factors play a role in the learning 9._or acquisition,and whether the target language is learnt in theclassroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers.10._2013 年改错真题年改错真题Psycho-linguistics is the name gi

23、ven to the study of the psychological processes involved in language.Psycholinguistics study understanding,production and remembering language,and hence are concerned 1._with listening,reading,speaking,writing,and memory for language.One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually

24、 2._happens so effortlessly,and most of time,so accurately.3._ Indeed,when you listen to someone to speaking,or looking at this page,4._ you normally cannot help but understand it.1995-2017 英语专业八级改错真题及答案（部分详解）文字英语专业八级改错真题及答案（部分详解）文字/答案校对版答案校对版It is only in exceptional circumstances we might become a

25、ware of 5._the complexity involved:if we are searching for a word but cannot remember it;if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has 6._influenced their language;if we observe a child acquire language;7._if we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult;or if we are visually impai

26、red or hearing-impaired or if we meet anyone else 8._who is.As we shall see,all these examples of what might be called“language in exceptional circumstances”reveal a great deal about the processes evolved in speaking,listening,writing and reading.But 9._given that language processes were normally so

27、 automatic,we also 10._need to carry out careful experiments to get at what is happening.2012 年改错真题年改错真题 The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely.The argument has been going since at least 1._the first century B.C.Up to the beginning of the 19th cen

28、tury,many writers favored certain kind of“free”translation:the spirit,not the 2._letter;the sense not the word;the message rather the form;the matter 3._not the manner.This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who 4._wanted the truth to be read and understood.Then in the turn of 5._19th cent

29、ury,when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language was 6._entirely the product of culture,the view translation was impossible 7._ gained some currency,and with it that,if was attempted at all,it must 8._be as literal as possible.

30、This view culminated the statement of the 9._ extreme“literalists”Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical:the purpose of the translation,the nature of the readership,the type of the text,was not discussed.Too often,writer,translator and reader were implicitly identified wit

31、h each other.Now,the context has changed,and the basic problem remains.10._2011 年改错真题年改错真题From a very early age,perhaps the age of five or six,I knew that when I grew I should be a writer.Between the ages 1._of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea,but I did so with the consci

32、ence that I was outraging my 2._true nature and that soon or later I should have to settle down 3._and write books.I was the child of three,but there was a gap of five years on either side,and I barely saw my father 4._before I was eight.For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely,and I soon de

33、veloped disagreeing mannerisms which 5._made me unpopular throughout my schooldays.I had the lonely childs habit of making up stories and holding 1995-2017 英语专业八级改错真题及答案（部分详解）文字英语专业八级改错真题及答案（部分详解）文字/答案校对版答案校对版conversations with imaginative persons,and I think from the 6._very start my literal ambiti

34、ons were mixed up with the feeling 7._of being isolated and undervalued.I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing in unpleasant facts,and I 8._felt that this created a sort of private world which I could get 9._my own back for my failure in everyday life.Therefore,the 10._volume

35、of serious i.e.seriously intended writing which I produced all through my childhood and boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages.I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five,my mother taking it down to dictation.2010 年改错真题年改错真题So far as we can tell,all human languages are equally complete

36、and perfect as instruments of communication:that is,every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say 1_the things their speakers want to say.2_There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive 3_peoples or cultures,but that is another matter.Certainly,not all groups of people

37、 are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice.Whereas this is not the 4_fault of their language.The Eskimos,it is said,can speak about snow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in 5_English,but this is not because the Eskimo language(one of those

38、sometimes miscalled primitive)is inherently more precise and subtle than English.This example does not come to light a defect 6_in English,a show of unexpected primitiveness.The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar 7_environments.The English language will

39、 be just as rich in terms 8_for different kinds of snow,presumably,if the environments in which Englishwas habitually used made such distinction as important.9_Similarly,we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket

40、if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos life.10_For obvious historical reasons,Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today:cars were not a part of their culture.But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles

41、 which send us,puzzled,to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens.How many of us could distinguish between a chaise,a landau,a victoria,a brougham,a coupe,a gig,a diligence,a whisky,a calash,a tilbury,a carriole,a phaeton,and a clarence?2009 年改错真题年改错真题1995-2017 英语专业八级改错真题及答案（部分详

42、解）文字英语专业八级改错真题及答案（部分详解）文字/答案校对版答案校对版The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes from one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference 1._ between school lore and nursery lore.In nursery lore a verse,learnt in early childhood,is not usually passed on again when the li

43、ttle listener 2._has grown up,and has children of their own,or even grandchild 3._The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting it may be something from twenty to seventy years.With the playground lore,4._therefore,a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour it is 5._learn

44、t;and in the general,it passes between children of the same age,6._or nearly so,since it is uncommon for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five years.If,therefore,a playground rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years,or even just 7._for fifty,it follows tha

45、t it has been retransmitted over and over;very 8._possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three hundred young hearers and tellers,and the wonder is that it remains live after so much 9._handling,to let alone that it bears resemblance to the 10._2008 年改错真题年改错真题The desire to use language as a s

46、ign of national identity is a very natural one,and in result language has played a prominent 1._part in national moves.Men have often felt the need to cultivate 2._a given language to show that they are distinctive from another 3._race whose hegemony they resent.At the time the United States 4._spli

47、t off from Britain,for example,there were proposals that independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a 5._different language from those of Britain.There was even one 6._proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew.Others favoured the adoption of Greek,though,as one man put it,things

48、would certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English 7._ and made the British learn Greek.At the end,as everyone 8._ knows,the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory solution of carrying with the same language as before.9._Since nearly two hundred years now,they have sh

49、own the world 10._that political independence and national identity can be complete without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common language.2007 年改错真题年改错真题From what has been said,it must be clear that no one can make very positive statements about how language originated.There is no

50、material in any language today and in the earliest 1._ records of ancient languages show us language in a new and 2._ emerging state.It is often said,of course,that the language 3._ originated in cries of anger,fear,pain and pleasure,and the 4._ necessary evidence is entirely lacking:there are no re

51、mote 1995-2017 英语专业八级改错真题及答案（部分详解）文字英语专业八级改错真题及答案（部分详解）文字/答案校对版答案校对版tribes,no ancient records,providing evidence of a language with a large proportion of such cries 5._ than we find in English.It is true that the absence of such evidence does not disprove the theory,but in other grounds 6._too the t

52、heory is not very attractive.People of all races and languages make rather similar noises in return to pain or pleasure.The fact that 7._ such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmen and Malaysians whose languages are utterly different,serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference 8._ betwee

53、n these noises and language proper.We maysay that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement are largely reflex actions,instinctive to large extent,9._ whereas language proper does not consist of signs but of these that have to be learnt and that are wholly conventional.10._2006 年改错真题年改错真题 We use la

54、nguage primarily as a means of communication with other human beings.Each of us shares with the community in which we live a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as 1._to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular 2._message:the English speaker has in his

55、 disposal vocabulary and a 3._ set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his 4._thoughts and feelings,in a variety of styles,to the other English 5._ speakers.His vocabulary,in particular,both that which he uses actively and that which he recognises,increases in size as he grows old

56、as a result of education and experience.6._But,whether the language store is relatively small or large,the system remains no more than a psychological reality for the individual,unless he has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another 7._ member of his linguistic community;he has t

57、o give the system a concrete transmission form.We take it for granted the two most 8._common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by our vocal organs(speech)or by visual signs(writing).And these are 9._among most striking of human achievements.10._2005 年改错真题年改错真题The University as Busine

58、sA number of colleges and universities have announced steep tuition increases for next yearmuch steeper than the current,very low rate of inflation.They say the increases are needed because of a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing in common stock.I am skeptical.1._A business fir

59、m chooses the price that maximizes its net revenues,1995-2017 英语专业八级改错真题及答案（部分详解）文字英语专业八级改错真题及答案（部分详解）文字/答案校对版答案校对版irrespective fluctuations in income;and increasingly the outlook of 2._universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 3._business firms.The rise in tuitions may re

60、flect the fact economic 4._uncertainty increases the demand for education.The biggest cost of being in the school is foregoing income from a job(this is primarily a 5._factor in graduate and professional-school tuition);the poor ones job prospects,the more sense it makes to 6._reallocate time from t

61、he job market to education,in order to make oneself more marketable.The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students7._include soft majors,student evaluations of teachers,giving students a governance role,and eliminate required courses.Sky-high tuitions 8._have caused universities

62、to regard their students as customers.Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the rigors of competition,9._universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations,so the best athletes now often bypass higher education in

63、order to obtain salaries earlier from professional teams.And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities,the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students,by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purely of needjust like business firms

64、agreeing not to give discounts on their best customer.10 _2004 年改错真题年改错真题 One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S.Congress is the power to investigate.The power is usually delegtated to committees either stading committees,special committees set for a specific purpose,1._or jo

65、int committees consisted of members of both houses.2._Investigations are held to gather information on the need for Future legislation,to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,to inquire into the qualification and performance of members and officials of the other branches,and in rare occasio

66、ns,to lay the 3._groundwork for impeachment proceedings.Frequently,committees rely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings 4._and to make out detailed studies of issues.5._There are important corallaries to the investigative power.One is the power to publicize investigations and its results.6._most committee hearings are open to public and are reported 7._widely in the mass media.Congressional investigation nevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakes 8.