微机原理实训报告书(猜数字游戏)

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1、目 录1、任务22方案设计与论证22.1 处理器的选择方案与比较22.2输入设备选择方案与比较22.3显示设备的选择33 总体设计方案框图33.1系统的总体结构如下图所示：33.2系统工作原理设计34 系统的电路及硬件实现44.1系统的电路图设计44.2单片机的介绍45系统软件的设计(功能的实现)55.1控制游戏平台的实现66程序代码77实训总结16猜数字游戏1 任务设计并制作单片机游戏开发平台，包括单片机控制器，显示设备，片外程序存储器，通过平台开发猜数字游戏，具体任务要求如下：主要组成部分：游戏开发平台、猜数字游戏的开发、显示设备。基本要求1单片机驱动显示屏轮流显示几副游戏图画。2驱动片外

2、程序存储器读写游戏画面。3可以通过按键控制显示不同画面。发挥部分1单片机实现猜数字游戏。2可以显示游戏规则。3合理配置单片机RAM作为显存，开发猜数字游戏,并将程序储存在片外的ROM中。4 其它2 方案设计与论证考虑到游戏开发系统具有支持猜数字游戏并驱动液晶显示屏，信息编辑、信息转换，信息显示，多种功能。我们进行了如下方案分析：2.1 处理器的选择方案采用单片机实现，用程序流程控制实现本系统的功能要求。我们知道MSP430 系列是一个 16 位的、具有精简指令集的、超低功耗的混合型单片机，采用了精简指令集（RISC）结构，具有丰富的寻址方式和较高的处理速度，可以保证编制出高效率的源程序，由于引

3、进了 Flash 型程序存储器和 JTAG 技术，不仅使开发工具变得简便，而且价格也相对低廉，能够满足系统的要求。而在我们学习过单片机中对MCS-51系列的单片机较熟悉，可编程、工作可靠、价格经济、能耗少可以满足驱动视频信号的要求。考虑到本系统需要编写的程序较多，所以采用具有8kb程序存储器的AT89S52单片机。我们对c语言较为熟练，所以采用c语言编写程序。2.2输入设备选择方案采用自己制作的按键（并集成在开发品台上）输入，采用行列扫描式键盘，并设置专用功能键。优点是可以方便的设置，缺点是如果按键做的太多则需要扩展I/O口。本功能实现不需要太多按键，故以上可满足要求。2.3显示设备的选择考虑

4、到带中文字库的WGM-12864H是一种具有4位/8位并行、2线或3线串行多种接口方式，内部含有国标一级、二级简体中文字库的点阵图形液晶显示模块；其显示分辨率为12864, 内置8192个16*16点汉字，和128个16*8点ASCII字符集.利用该模块灵活的接口方式和简单、方便的操作指令，可构成全中文人机交互图形界面。可以显示84行1616点阵的汉字. 也可完成图形显示.低电压低功耗是其又一显著特点。由该模块构成的液晶显示方案与同类型的图形点阵液晶显示模块相比，不论硬件电路结构或显示程序都要简洁得多，完全满足游戏品台的要求且使我们游戏的开发过程更加方便。3 总体设计方案框图3.1系统的总体结

5、构如下图所示：LCD显示控制端开发平台本系统的硬件核心是单片机，关键的技术是程序流程的控制和软件编码、解码技术，。3.2系统工作原理游戏开发系统由按键控制程序流程，开发平台控制系统的工作方式，并处理数据，将数据送至显示屏显示。 4 系统的电路设计及硬件实现4.1系统的电路图设计图4-14.2单片机的介绍AT89S52单片机是系统中的控制核心，它是个低电压，高性能CMOS8位单片机， AT89S52可以按照常规方法进行编程，也可以在线编程。其将通用的微处理器和Flash存储器结合在一起，特别是可反复擦写的Flash存储器可有效地降低开发成本。其封装及引脚图如图4-3：主要功能特性：兼容MCS51

6、指令系统8k可反复擦写(1000次)FlashROM32个双向I/O口256x8bit内部RAM3个16位可编程定时/计数器中断时钟频率0-24MHz2个串行中断可编程UART串行通道2个外部中断源共6个中断源2个读写中断口线3级加密位低功耗空闲和掉电模式软件设置睡眠和唤醒功能图4-3WGM-12864H是一种具有4位/8位并行、2线或3线串行多种接口方式，内部含有国标一级、二级简体中文字库的点阵图形液晶显示模块；其显示分辨率为12864, 内置8192个16*16点汉字，和128个16*8点ASCII字符集.利用该模块灵活的接口方式和简单、方便的操作指令，可构成全中文人机交互图形界面。 RS

7、R/WDB7DB6DB5DB4DB3DB2DB1DB00000000001返回指令：RSR/WDB7DB6DB5DB4DB3DB2DB1DB0000000001X光标或整体移位指令RSR/WDB7DB6DB5DB4DB3DB2DB1DB0000001S/CR/LXX S/C R/L 操作 0 0 光标左移，AC减1 0 1 光标右移，AC加1 1 0 所有显示左移 1 1 所有显示右移光标显示及光标闪烁指令RSR/WDB7DB6DB5DB4DB3DB2DB1DB00000001DCBD=1 整体显示打开 D=0 整体显示关闭C=1 光标显示开 C=0 不显示光标B=1 光标闪烁 B=0 光标不

8、闪烁5 系统软件的设计(功能的实现)5.1控制游戏平台的实现本系统的功能主要是由平台上的按键通过游戏平台，逐步实现各个功能。软件的设计思路是单片机时刻扫描键盘，如有键按下，进入到解码程序，入到程序散转表，去执行各个功能控制程序。程序流程图如图5-1： 图5-16 程序代码#include#define uint unsigned int#define uchar unsigned char#define DAT P0#define INPUT P1void WRI(uchar a);void WRD(uchar b);void display_picture();void display_wo

9、rd(uchar row1,uchar line1,uchar *p,uint first,uchar last);void delay(uint c);void close();void key();/判断键值子程序bit start_key();/扫描键盘子程序void number_key();/扫描键盘子程序void E_START(void);void E_EXIT(void);void begin(void);sbit RS=P20;sbit E=P21;sbit E_close=P30;uchar code buf1024=0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xFE,0x0

10、0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0E,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7F,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x60,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7F,0xFF,0xFF,0xC0,0x00,0x03,0x87,0x80,0x00,0x60,0x00,0x00,0x7F,0xC0,0x00,0x0

11、0,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xE0,0x00,0x03,0xCF,0xC0,0x00,0x79,0xC0,0x01,0xFC,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF0,0x00,0x3F,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x7F,0xC0,0x0F,0xFD,0xE0,0x00,0x03,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF0,0x00,0x0F,0x1F,0x00,0x07,0xFB,0xC0,0x0C,0x1F,0xE0,0x00,0x0F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,0x0F,0x3F,0x00,0x0F,0xFE,0xC0,0x0

12、C,0x1F,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,0x1F,0x3F,0xF0,0x0F,0xED,0x80,0x1C,0x7E,0x00,0x00,0x7F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFC,0x00,0x1E,0x3F,0xF8,0x0F,0xFF,0x00,0x1D,0xEE,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFC,0x00,0x3F,0xFB,0x00,0x03,0xEF,0x80,0x19,0xDC,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFC,0x00,0x77,0xFF,0x8

13、0,0x0F,0xF9,0xE0,0x18,0x78,0x00,0x03,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFE,0x00,0x0E,0x1F,0xC0,0x3F,0xF0,0x60,0x00,0x7F,0x00,0x07,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFE,0x00,0x1E,0x3F,0xC0,0x3B,0xFF,0xE0,0x00,0xFF,0x80,0x07,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFE,0x00,0x3E,0x37,0xC0,0x07,0xF3,0xE0,0x03,0xFF,0x80,0x0F,0xFF,0xF0,0x0F,0xFF,0xF

14、E,0x00,0x3E,0x3F,0xC0,0x1F,0xFB,0xF8,0x07,0xEE,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xFE,0x00,0x06,0x3F,0xC0,0x1B,0xDF,0x3C,0x07,0x86,0x00,0x1F,0xFC,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0xFF,0x00,0x06,0x33,0xC0,0x1B,0xD8,0x1C,0x03,0x06,0x00,0x1F,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0xFF,0x00,0x06,0x33,0xC0,0x0F,0xF0,0x0C,0x03,0x0E,0x00,0x3F,0xF

15、0,0x00,0x00,0x07,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xCC,0x00,0x3F,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFC,0x00,0x3F,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x38,0x00,0x7F,0xBF,0xC0,0x03,0xFC,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0

16、0,0x00,0x00,0x7F,0x60,0xE0,0x07,0x06,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7F,0xC0,0x30,0x0C,0x01,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7E,0xEF,0x80,0x00,0xF3,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x70,0x00,0x06,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7E,0x7F,0xC0,0x03,0xFE,0x3F,0x80,0x00,0x00,0xC

17、0,0xF8,0x00,0x07,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x7E,0x78,0xE0,0x07,0x0E,0x3F,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x7F,0xB8,0x00,0x01,0xDE,0x00,0x00,0x7C,0x6F,0x30,0x0E,0xF7,0x3F,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x7F,0xFE,0x00,0x01,0xC7,0x00,0x00,0x3C,0xDF,0xB8,0x0D,0xFB,0x1F,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x7E,0x7E,0x00,0x00,0xFC,0x00,0x00,0x3C,0xDF,0xD8,0x0D,0xFF,0x9

18、F,0xFE,0x00,0x06,0x0F,0xFC,0x00,0x1E,0xFC,0x00,0x00,0x3C,0xDF,0xD8,0x0F,0xFD,0x9F,0xFE,0x00,0x07,0x1F,0xFC,0x00,0x3E,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x3C,0xDF,0xD8,0x0D,0xFF,0xBF,0xFC,0x00,0x03,0xFF,0xFE,0x00,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x1C,0xDF,0xB8,0x0D,0xFB,0x3F,0xF8,0x00,0x03,0xFF,0xFC,0x00,0x3F,0xFC,0x00,0x00,0x1E,0x6

19、F,0x30,0x0E,0xF7,0x7F,0xF0,0x00,0x03,0xFF,0xB8,0x03,0xFC,0x3C,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x78,0xE0,0x07,0x0E,0x7F,0xC0,0x00,0x03,0xFF,0xBE,0x07,0xFC,0x3C,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0xBF,0xC0,0x03,0xFC,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x03,0x7F,0xFF,0x06,0x3E,0x78,0x00,0x00,0x07,0xCF,0x8E,0x30,0xF1,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xFB,0xFF,0x06,0x7E,0xF

20、8,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xE0,0x07,0xF0,0x03,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xDF,0xBC,0x07,0xF7,0xDC,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xF0,0x03,0xE0,0x07,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xDF,0x8C,0x03,0xE3,0x0E,0xC0,0x00,0x01,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xDD,0x8C,0x00,0x00,0x07,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x8

21、1,0xDC,0x00,0x00,0x07,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x7F,0xC0,0x01,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x7F,0xFE,0x3F,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFC,0xFF,0xFF,0x3F,0x8

22、0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xF9,0xFF,0xFF,0x9F,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xFF,0xFF,0xF3,0x3F,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xFF,0xFF,0xF4,0xBF,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0xF

23、F,0xFF,0xF0,0x3F,0xF0,0x00,0x1C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xF0,0x18,0x00,0x0F,0xFF,0xF8,0x88,0x7F,0xF0,0x00,0x32,0x60,0x00,0xC0,0x00,0x01,0x90,0x19,0x80,0x03,0xFF,0xF0,0x0F,0xFF,0xE0,0x00,0x30,0x60,0x00,0xC0,0x00,0x01,0xA0,0x01,0x80,0x03,0xFF,0xF0,0x4F,0xFE,0xC0,0x00,0x3C,0xF7,0x3F,0xE0,0x00,0x01,0xE

24、E,0xFB,0xC0,0x03,0xBF,0xF1,0x9F,0xFC,0xE0,0x00,0x1E,0x69,0x9A,0xC0,0x00,0x01,0xA7,0x19,0x80,0x03,0xBF,0xF7,0x9F,0xFC,0xE0,0x00,0x06,0x67,0x98,0xC0,0x00,0x01,0x83,0x19,0x80,0x03,0x3F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFC,0xE0,0x00,0x26,0x6D,0x98,0xC0,0x00,0x01,0x93,0x99,0x80,0x03,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xE0,0x00,0x1C,0x77,0xF

25、C,0xE0,0x00,0x03,0xFD,0xFD,0xC0,0x03,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xE1,0x80,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x77,0x71,0x80,0x78,0x0

26、0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x62,0x19,0x80,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00;uchar co

27、de word16=*;uchar code word110=猜数字游戏;uchar code word25=Start;uchar code word34=Exit;uchar data1,k;uchar shuzu4;bit start_flag; /1开始，0退出/*/*/*猜数字游戏核心程序*/*/*/关机程序/-void close()E_close=0; /关机/开始游戏/-void begin(void)uchar xian5;uchar m;uchar n;for(m=0;mk;m+) /产生四个不同的随机数。shuzu0=rand()%10;shuzu0=rand()%10;

28、shuzu1=0;shuzu2=0;shuzu3=0;for (m=1;m4;m+) Nextnum: shuzum=rand()%10; for (n=0;nm;n+) if(shuzun=shuzum)goto Nextnum; xian0=shuzu0+48;xian1=shuzu1+48;xian2=shuzu2+48;xian3=shuzu3+48;xian4=+48;WRI(0x01);/清屏显display_word(4,1,xian,0,4); /答案显示/*/*/*LCD12864驱动程序*/*/*/绘图程序void display_picture() /蝴蝶 uchar i

29、,j,k; WRI(0x01);/清屏显示 WRI(0x32);/绘图显示开 WRI(0x0c);/显示打开，光标关，显示反白关 WRI(0x36);/功能设置为扩充指令集 for(k=0;k2;k+) for(i=0;i32;i+) WRI(0x80+i); WRI(0x80+k*8); for(j=0;j16;j+) WRD(bufk*512+i*16+j); /显示字符程序/=void display_word(uchar row1,uchar line1,uchar *p,uint first,uchar last) uint m; WRI(0x30);/功能设置为基本指令集WRI(0

30、x0f);/显示打开，光标关，显示反白关WRI(0x06);/DDRAM地址计数器（AC）加1switch (row1)case 1: row1=0x80;break;case 2:row1=0x90;break;case 3: row1=0x88;break;case 4: row1=0x98;break;default: break;WRI(row1+line1-0x01); /写DDRAM地址for(m=first;mlast+first;m+) WRD(pm); /-/START选中void E_START(void)uchar i,j; WRI(0x01);/清屏显示 WRI(0x3

31、2);/绘图显示开 WRI(0x0c);/显示打开，光标关，显示反白关 WRI(0x36);/功能设置为扩充指令集for(i=16;i27;i+)WRI(0x80+i); WRI(0x88); for(j=0;j6 & j11)WRD(buf512+i*16+j);elseWRD(buf512+i*16+j); /-/EXIT选中void E_EXIT(void)uchar i,j; WRI(0x01);/清屏显示 WRI(0x32);/绘图显示开 WRI(0x0c);/显示打开，光标关，显示反白关 WRI(0x36);/功能设置为扩充指令集for(i=16;i27;i+)WRI(0x80+i

32、); WRI(0x88); for(j=0;j11)WRD(buf512+i*16+j);elseWRD(buf512+i*16+j); /写控制指令/=void WRI(uchar a) RS=0; /RW=0; DAT=a; E=1; E=0; delay(50);/写显示数据/=void WRD(uchar b) RS=1; /RW=0; DAT=b; E=1; E=0; delay(20);/延时子程序/=void delay(uint c) while(c-)/*/*/*4*4键盘扫描程序*/*/*/bit start_key()bit rebit;rebit=1;INPUT=0x0

33、f;if(INPUT0x0f)delay(200); /软件消除抖动if(INPUT0x0f) INPUT=0x7f;/判断是否为第四行按键按下if(INPUT0x7f) if(INPUT=0X7e)E_START();start_flag=1;if(INPUT=0x7d)E_EXIT();start_flag=0;if(INPUT=0x77)if(start_flag=1)begin();rebit=0;elseclose();while (INPUT!=0x7f);/等待按键断开return rebit;/-/*扫描矩阵键盘*/void number_key()uint j=0;INPUT

34、=0x0f;if(INPUT0x0f)delay(200); /软件消除抖动if(INPUT0x0f)key();/-/*判断键值*/void key()INPUT=0xef;/判断是否为第一行按键按下if(INPUT0xef)if(INPUT=0Xee);if(INPUT=0xed);if(INPUT=0xeb);if(INPUT=0xe7)data1=3;while (INPUT!=0xef);INPUT=0xdf; /判断是否为第二行按键按下if(INPUT0xdf)if(INPUT=0Xde)data1=4;if(INPUT=0xdd)data1=5;if(INPUT=0xdb)dat

35、a1=6;if(INPUT=0xd7)data1=7;while (INPUT!=0xdf);INPUT=0xbf;/判断是否为第三行按键按下if(INPUT0xbf)if(INPUT=0Xbe)data1=8;if(INPUT=0xbd)data1=9;if(INPUT=0xbb)data1=10;if(INPUT=0xb7)data1=11;while (INPUT!=0xbf);/等待按键断开INPUT=0x7f;/判断是否为第四行按键按下if(INPUT0x7f) if(INPUT=0X7e)E_EXIT();if(INPUT=0x7d)E_START();if(INPUT=0x7b)

36、display_picture();if(INPUT=0x77)begin();while (INPUT!=0x7f);/等待按键断开/*/*/*启动程序*/*/*/-void main()bit E_BEGIN;E_BEGIN=1;k=0;E_close=1;/开机start_flag=1;WRI(0x01);/清屏显display_picture();E_START();/display_word(4,4,word2,0,5);/display_word(4,7,word3,0,4);/display_word(3,1,word,0,16);/display_word(4,1,word,0,16);dok+;E_BEGIN=start_key();while(E_BEGIN);for(;)number_key();7 实习总结经过两周的接口技术试验中，我确实学到了很多的东西，并且把书本上的知识和现实中的芯片有了更好的认识和学习，进行这次微机原理及其应用课程设计之前，觉得利用汇编语言进行较大规模程序的编写是比较难的，但通过对这次猜数字游戏的设计与编程，不仅加深了对接口技术的认识和理解，还认识到只有自己认真对待，通过查阅资料，理解消化资料，自己完成一个难度比较大的硬件设计还是比较简单的。第 16 页