4高一英语句子成分分析

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1、句子成分句子成分定义定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有分。句子成分有主要成分主要成分和和次要成分次要成分；主要成分主要成分：主语和谓语：主语和谓语次要成分次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语补足语、同位语1.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语主语（主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out

2、 in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（名词化的形容词（名词化的形容词）（句子）（句子）找出句中主语找出句中主语The sun rises in the east.Twenty years is a short time in history.The poor are

3、 now living in the shelter.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.He likes dancing.What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（动名词）（动名词）（不定式）（不定式）（句子）（句子）(名词化的形容词）名词化的形容词）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征说明主语的动作

4、、状态和特征 简单谓语简单谓语:由由动词动词或或动词词组动词词组组成组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill。He looked after two orphans.复合谓语复合谓语 由由情态动词或助动词情态动词或助动词+动词动词;He can speak English well.She doesnt seem to like dancing Show your passport,please.She didnt say anything.How many do you want?-I want two.They sent the injured to

5、 hospital.They asked to see my passport.I enjoy working with you.Did you write down what he said?（名词（名词）(代词）代词）(数词数词)(名词化的形容词名词化的形容词)(三三)宾语宾语动作的对象或承受者动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语及物动词或介词的宾语（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（句子）（句子）宾语分为宾语分为直接宾语直接宾语和和间接宾语间接宾语.直接宾语指直接宾语指物或事物或事,间接宾语指人或动物间接宾语指人或动物.He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语

6、直接直接宾语宾语please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.（四）表语（四）表语在在系动词系动词后的部分就是表语后的部分就是表语1.The war was over.2.They seem to know the truth.3.Time is precious.4.Im not quite myself today.5.That remains a puzzle.I dont feel at ease.（五）定语（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句 He is a c

7、lever boy.His father works in a steel work.There are 54students in our class.Do you know Bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)定语后置：定语后置：如果定语是由如果定语是由一个单词一个单词表示时，通常要前置。表示时，通

8、常要前置。而由而由一个词组或一个句子一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?（六）状语（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。I will be bac

9、k in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in

10、spite of his illness.I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.（六）宾语补足语（六）宾语补足语有些有些及物动词及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,

11、have,let.She asked me to lend her a hand.同位语同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况 We young people should respect the old.He himself will do the experiment.He is the oldest among them four.He told me the news that our team won the game.名词名词代词代词数词数词从句从句Exercises:分析句子结构分析句子结构1）You are a student.

12、2）He felt happy today.3）What you said made me happy.4）Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?5）After he finished his homework,he went away.6）He likes pop music.7）The sound sounds strange.8）The food tastes good.9）He gave me a book yesterday.10）We all think it a pity that she didnt

13、 come here.句子成分练习题句子成分练习题(一一)(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分，4分钟）The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.There is an old man coming here.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.(二)选出句中谓语的中心词（10分，10分钟）I do

14、nt like the picture on the wall.A.dont B.like C.picture D.wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A.get B.longer C.days D.summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A.Do B.usually C.go D.bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A.will be B.meeting C.the library D.aftern

15、oon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B.twins C.have D.breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A.Tom B.didnt C.do D.his homework What I want to tell you is this.A.want B.to tell C.you D.is We had better send for a doctor.A.We B.had C.send D.doctor He is interested in music.

16、A.is B.interested C.in D.music Whom did you give my book to?A.give B.did C.whom D.book(三)挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）My brother hasnt done his homework.People all over the world speak English.You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.How many new words did you learn last class?Some of the students in

17、 the school want to go swimming,how about you?The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.They made him monitor of the class.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.You will find it useful after you leave school.They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.(四)挑出下列句中的表语（5分

18、，5分钟）The old man was feeling very tired.Why is he worried about Jim?The leaves have turned yellow.Soon They all became interested in the subject.She was the first to learn about it.(五)挑出下列句中的定语（6分，6分钟）They use Mr,Mrs with the family name.What is your given name?On the third lap are Class 1 and Class

19、 3.I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.I am waiting for the sound of the other singer!(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分，6分钟）She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.He asked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult

20、to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?(七)挑出下列句中的状语（8分，8分钟）There was a big smile on her face.Every night he heard the noise upstairs.He began to learn English when he was eleven.The man on the motorbike

21、was travelling too fast.With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li hurried off.She loves the library because she loves books.I am afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分，5分钟）Please tell us a story.My father boug

22、ht a new bike for me last week.Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.Did he leave any message for me?句子成分练习题句子成分练习题(二二)指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1.Whether well go depend on the weather.2.Peoples standards of living are going up steadily.3.That was how they were defeated.4.

23、The nursery takes good care of our children.5.Ill return the book to you tomorrow.6.We are sure that we shall succeed.7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother.8.There are many film that Id like to see.9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?10.I have a lot of work to do.11.Anyw

24、ay I wont stop you from doing it.12.I said it in fun.13.We can send a car over to fetch you.14.She had to work standing up.15.Seeing this,some comrades became very worried.16.Much interested,he agreed to give it a try.17.The bus arrived ten minutes late.18.We should serve the people heart and soul.1

25、9.Spring coming on,the tree turned green.20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky.21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting.22.Its strange that she doesnt come today.23.It was in the library that I come today.24.He likes drawing at times when he isnt working.25.We left

26、 in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.句子成分练习题句子成分练习题(三三)A 1、_ six years since I began to study English.A.It is B.I have been C.There are D.It was 2、_ in the room at that time.A.Nobody was B.Someone were C.Who is D.He are 3、Its very noisy outside._ is going on?A.Who B.What C.Which D.Where

27、4、_ in English in class every day is important.A.Speak B.Talking C.Saying D.To tell 5、There must be_ near the factory.A.a book store B.book store C.books store D.books stores 6、Although its raining hard,_ are still working in the fields.A.but they B.and they C.they D.since they B 7、The doctor as wel

28、l as the nurses _ great concern for the patients.A.show B.shows C.have shown D.are showing 8、Your son must be a clever boy,_ he?A.is B.isnt C.must D.mustnt 9、The computer center,_ last year,is very popular among students in this school.A.open B.opening C.opened D.being opened 10、I _ go to the shop t

29、oday,for there is a lot of food at home.A.mustnt B.had to C.cant D.neednt 11、Dont _ excited.A.get B.is C.seem D.look 12.This room _ every morning.A.is cleaning B.is cleaned C.cleans D.cleaning C 13、Glad to meet you!_ is your full name?A.What B.Where C.How D.Who 14、He is _ to lift the heavy box.A.too

30、 weak B.weak tooC.enough weak D.weak enough 15、The days are _ warmer and warmer in spring.A.getting B.looking C.seeming D.going 16、His job is_English.A.teach B.to teach C.taught D.teaches 17、Two balls are_.A.under the desk B.in the wall C.to here D.at desks D 18、We should get ready_ others.A.helping

31、 B.to help C.help D.help with 19、_interesting work we are doing?A.What a B.How C.What D.What an 20、I want_ a teacher when I grow up.A.to be B.to C.be D.being 21、-Would you like to go on a picnic with me today?-I dont think so.To be honest,I really dont feel like_on apicnic.A.going B.to go C.go D.wen

32、t 22.Do you know_?A.where does he live B.where he livesC.where he live D.if where he lives 23Let _ do it again.A.I B.me C.he D.she 24.I dont know_.A.how to do B.what to do C.where to do D.when to do E 25、I saw him _ basketball with Jack an hour ago.A.plays B.to play C.played D.play 26、Sorry,weve kep

33、t you_ for a long time.A.waited B.sing C.stand D.waiting 27、The teacher told us _ late again.A.arent be B.dont be C.not to be D.not be 28、We find the room very_.A.warm B.warmly C.terribly D.hardly F 29、I found _ difficult to work together with him.A.it B.its C.that D.those 30、We all know _ our duty

34、to clean our classroom after school every day.A.that B.this C.which D.it 31、He found _ very interesting to play with the little dog.A.what B.it C./D.thatG()32.Tom said he _ a good dream yesterday evening.A.dream B.dreamed C.have D.has ()33.Children _ a happy life in China.A.lead B.living C.has D.lea

35、ding H()34 America,Japan and Canada are_countries.A.developing B.developed C.less developed D.develop ()35-_ skirt is that on the chair?-Let me see.Oh,no,its not mine.A.Whose B.What C.Whos D.Which ()36.Do you have anything _?A.saying B.to say C.said D.say ()37.Look,there is an_tree by the wall.A.app

36、le B.apples C.apples D.apples ()38.Where is_seat?A.yours B.your C.you D.yourselves I()39.The box is _ heavy for her _ carry.A.very;to B.too;not toC.too;to D.very too;to 40-_ did you buy the new bag?-Last Monday.A.Where B.How C.When D.Who 41.You can see these signs in a hospital._ can you see them?A.

37、Where else B.Where place elseC.Where else place D.Else where 42.They went out _ their old friends.A.visit B.visiting C.to visit D.visited 43.There is a wide river_ our village.A.outside B.over C.from D.below J 44.The young man,_ works in the office.A.me brother B.my brother C.my brothers D.me 45.Our English teacher,_ often helps us with study.A.Mrs Wang B.Mrs5 WangC.MrsWangs.D.of him 46._,some railway workers are busy repairing the train.A.Them B.He C.They D.Theirs