宾语从句讲解及练习

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1、宾语从句授课教师:彭老师宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另 一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。 从下列三个方面来理解：一、引导词1、由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel 等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不 做句子的成分，也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不 省为好，特别是在笔语中。例：I told him that he was wrong.1）在thi

2、nk , believe , suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是 否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。例：I dont think you are right.（我认为你做的不对）2）在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面， 而用it做形式宾语。例: We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone2、 由连词if、whether引导的表示“是否.”的宾语从句。Whether, if在从句中 不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和讦可以替换。例：I do

3、nt know if/whether he will come tomorrow.The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.1）在介词后面的宾语从句中不用讦引导例： Everything depends on whether we have enough money。2）宾语从句中有or not时不用讦引导.例：I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.3）和不定式连用作宾语时不用讦引导.例: Whether to go there or not hasn

4、t been decided.3、由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，和连接副词 when, where, why, how等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又 在句中充当句子的成分。例：Do you know which film they are talking about? （which 做定语）I dont know where he lives. （where 做地点状语）二、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分例：I believe that they will come s

5、oon.He asked me whether I was a teacher.三、宾语从句的时态。1、宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，既：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主 句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。例 :1） She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.2）She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a we

6、ek.3) She says that she has finished her homework already. She said that she had finished her homework already.2、如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般 现在时态。例： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.He told me that Japan is an island country.3、Could you tell me是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。例: Could

7、you tell me when we will visit the History Museum?注意事项：1) 由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。例: She said: “I have been to England before.”She said that she had been to England before.She asked me: “Do you like maths?”She asked me 讦 I liked maths.2) 宾语从句与简单句的交换。由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语 是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式”

8、做宾语的简单句结构。例: I dont know what I should do next.I dont know what to do next.He didnt know where he would live.He didnt know where to live.练习一用合适的连接词填空1. Wang Hai told mehe didnt go hiking yesterday afternoon.(how, why)2. Can you tell meelse is going to be on duty today (who, whom)3. She saidit wouldn

9、t matter much.(that, if)4. He always thinkshe can do better.(how, who)5. I really dont knowthe bridge will be finished.(how long, how soon)6. They dont knowwe are going hiking. (when, what)7. She wanted to knowher coat would be ready the next day. (when, if)8. I was really surprised atI saw. (what,

10、who)9. I dont knowso many people crowding round him. (how, why)10. Do you knowshirt it is (whose, whos)二选择题()1. I dont knowhe will be back home.A. who B. what C. when D. where()2. Could you tell meA. where do you live B. who you are waiting forC. who were you waiting for D. where you live in()3. Do

11、you still rememberA. that he said B. what he said C. did he say that D. what did he say()4. I cant understandthe boy alone. A. why she leftB. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left()5. She told me the sunin the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen()6. They tried to find out

12、the new train.A. how far/ had gone B. how long/ has goneC. how far/ went D. how far had/ run()7. The manager came up to see.A. what was the matter B. what the matter wasC. what the matter is D. whats the matter()8. Can you tell meA. where are you doingB.where do you studyC. where you were doingD. wh

13、ere you study()9. I cant understandthe boy alone.A. why she let B. why did she leave C. why had she left D. why she had left()10. He asked his father.A. where it happens B. where did it happen C.how it happened D. how did it happen()11. No one tells us, so we need your help.A. how we should doB. wha

14、t should we doC. how to do it D. what to do it()12. Could you please teach methe computer.A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking()13.hell come or not isnt important.A. Why B. If C. Whether D. What()14. Would you like to knowthey will do it or not.A.讦 B. that C. whether D. why()1

15、5. Where do you thinkhethe TV set 一 Sorry, Ive no idea.A. bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought()16. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tellit would be like infive years.A. how, another B. what, more C. how , other D. what, another()17. 一 Could you tell me一 Yes. Heto the USA.A. where

16、is he/ has been B. where he is/ has goneC. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone()18. Mike wants to know 讦a picnic tomorrow.Yes. But 讦 it, well visit the museum instead.A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rainC. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains()19. I dont know if he

17、tomorrow. If hetomorrow, Ill meethim.A. will come/ comes B. comes/ comes C. will come/ will come D. comes/ will come()20. I really dont know 讦 sheit when she.A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives()21 The girls asked 讦 theysome food and drink with the

18、m.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take()22 Catherine said that sheto Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been()23 The students want to know whether theydictation today.A. had B. has C. will have D. are()24 She asked Linda ifgo and get some.A. could she B. sh

19、e could C. she can D. she may()25 Linda said the moonround the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had traveled()26 What did Mike say He said.A. if you were free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring()27 Tom asked my friend.A. that the

20、earth is bigger than the moon B.where was he fromC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry()28Let me tell youA. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car()29Peter knew.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the

21、boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris()30. They eachan English book.A. have B. has C. have has D. has had()31. I havent seenbefore.A. so an interesting film B. such an interesting filmC. so interesting film D. such interesting a film()32. Ithat

22、 we will visit the farm next week.A. didnt suppose B. dont suppose C. never supposed D. supposed三将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句.(1) These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He saidthese flowersfrom Guangdong.(2) Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told melightfaster than sound.(3)

23、There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt knowtherea meeting in five days.(4) Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to knowFrench.(5) Are the children playing games Tell me. Tell me the children games.(6) Have you finished your homework yet ?Mr. Zhao asked Ma ChaoMr. Zh

24、ao asked Ma Chaohomework yet.(7) How many people can you see in the picture? Who knowsWho knowsin the picture(8) Where did she park her car? Do you know?Do you knowher car(9) What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wonderedoftenabout.(10) Who knocked at the door so loudly ?I dont k

25、now.I don t knowat the door so loudly四完形填空Mike Fineday has loved flying since he was small. When he was three years old, his dad took him to an air show. Mike loved the sounds of the plane, heofbecoming and airplane pilot（飞行员）someday. As Mike grew up, he learned as as he could about flying. He wante

26、d to go to flying school university. He kept onhis parents about it all the time. At that time, pilottraining was very. Mikes parents couldnt afford it.Later Mike became a salesman. He hoped to get lots of money for flying school. He traveledAmerica for his factory. He liked to travel,by plane. Tosa

27、ve money, he usually stayed in cheap hotels.One morning, Miketo Altanta. On the plane, after breakfast, he went to. Some time later, he woke up. The two men beside him were talking in a voice. When Mike heard the word “hijack（ 劫持）”, he nearlyout of his seat, but he pretended （假装）he was still. he lis

28、tened when the two mentalked. Mike quickly learned what was. They planned to hijack the plane toCuba. This made Mike very. He knew he had to stop them before they begantheir.Mike pretended to use the washroom. On the way he met a hostess（空姐）and told her about the coming. A moment later, the passenge

29、rs were told thatthere was something wrong with the plane. Soon he plane landed at theairport.The two men received awhen they saw twenty police officers werethem at the airport.Later Mike was given free flying training as a reward.he became apilot and flew happily ever since. Now his story is well k

30、nown in the United States. .1. A. spoke B. heard C. dreamed D. thought2. A. little B. much C. easily D. quickly3. A. as well as B. such as C. because of D. instead of4. A. warning B. talking C. asking D. complaining5. A. expensive B. cheap C. difficult D. enjoyable6. A. along B. towards C. through D

31、. around7. A. never B. widely C. except D. especially8. A. flew B. came C. moved D. drove9. A. work B. sleep C. rest D. bed10. A. loud B. nervous C. low D. serious11. A. ran B. walked C. jumped D. dropped12. A. awake B. asleep C. quiet D.careless13. A saying B. changing C. discussing D. happening14.

32、 A. sad B. angry C. painful D. careful15. A. plan B. story C. challenge D. accident16. A. danger B. trouble C. flying D. training17. A. safest B. biggest C. nearest D. farthest18. A. surprise B. welcome C. message D. present19. A. looking for B. waiting for C. asking for D. talking about20. A. So B.

33、 Since C. Though D. Then五.阅读理解This year 2,300 teenagers （ young people aged from 13-19 ） from all over the world will spend about ten months in U.S. homes. They will attend U.S. schools, meetU.S. teenagers, and form impressions （印象）of the real American teenagers. American teenagers will go to other

34、countries to learn new languages and have a new understanding of the rest of the world.Here is a two-way student exchange in action. Fred, nineteen, spent last year in Germany with Georges family. In return, Georges son, Mike, spent a year in Freds home in America.Fred, a lively young man, knew litt

35、le German when he arrived, but after two months 口 study, the language began to come to him. School was completely different from what he had expected 一 much harder . Students rose respectfully （尊敬地） when the teacher entered the room. They took fourteen subjects instead of the six that are usual in t

36、he United States. There were almost no outside activities （活动）.Family life, too, was different. The familys word was law, and all activities were around the family rather than the individual （个人）.Fred found the food too simple at first. Also, he missed having a car.“Back home, you pick up some frien

37、ds in a car and go out and have a good time. In Germany, you walk, but you soon learn to like it.”At the same time, in America, Mike, a friendly German boy, was also forming his idea. “I suppose I should criticize （批评）American schools.” he says. “It is far too easy by our level （水准）.But I have to sa

38、y that I like it very much. In Germany we do nothing but study. Here we take part in many outside activities. I think that maybe your schools are better in training for citizens （市民）.There ought to be some middle ground between the two.”1. The whole exchange program is mainly to.A. help teenagers in

39、 other countries know the real AmericaB. send students in America to travel in GermanyC. let students learn something about other countriesD. have teenagers learn new languages2. What did Fred and Mike agree on?A. American food tasted better than German food.B. German schools were harder than Americ

40、an schools.C. Americans and Germans were both friendly.D. There were more cars on the streets in America.3. What is particular （特别的）in American schools?A. There is some middle ground between the two teaching buildings.B. There are a lot of afterschool activiti es.C. Students usually take 14 subjects

41、 in all.D. Students go outside to enjoy themselves in a car.4. What did Mike think after experiencing the American school life?A. A better education should include something good from both America and Germany.B. German schools trained students to be better citizens.C. American schools were not as go

42、od as German schools.D. The easy life in the American school was more helpful to students.Success story成功者的故事Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. Frank is now the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. It

43、 was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. He saved money for years and in 1938 he bought a small work-shop of his own. During the war Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers. By the end of the war, the small work-sho

44、p had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people. Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.词汇复习avoidv.避免，消除managev.做成（某事），管理,经营varyv.改变，使多样化bendv.专心于，屈服，弯曲occurv.发生，出现focusv.聚焦，把注意力集中n.焦点,dividev.分，划分，隔开riskv. & n.冒险，风险debatev. & n.辩论，争论in store贮藏着，准备着pay attention to注意，留意She wanted him to repair their sons bicycle!中心