英语连词复习资料PPT

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1、Produced by Zhang YalingProduced by Zhang Yaling概念概念 连词是一种连词是一种虚词虚词,它不能独立地担任它不能独立地担任句子成分句子成分,只是连接词与词、短语与只是连接词与词、短语与短语以及句子与句子的作用。短语以及句子与句子的作用。英语中连词只要分英语中连词只要分两类两类：并列与从：并列与从属连词。属连词。并列连词：用来连接平行的词、短并列连词：用来连接平行的词、短语或分句。语或分句。从属连词：用来引导一个从句从属连词：用来引导一个从句。连词连词是用来连接词、词组和句子的虚是用来连接词、词组和句子的虚词。分为词。分为并列连词并列连词和和从属连词

2、从属连词。并列连词并列连词连接两个分句，构成连接两个分句，构成并列句并列句。用用从属连词从属连词引起两个分句，构成引起两个分句，构成复合句复合句。并列连词：并列连词：a.并列关系：并列关系：and，as well as,eitherornot onlybut also，bothandneithernor.b.转折关系：转折关系：but，yet，or.c.因果关系因果关系：for，so.d.选择关系：选择关系：or，eitheror.并列连词连接两个分句，构成并列句。并列连词连接两个分句，构成并列句。1.andNow stop blowing,and soon you will find the

3、 glass clear again.Ten minutes earlier,and we could have caught the last bus.and 在此表示在此表示条件条件，等于，等于 if you stop blowing now,you.If we came here ten minutes earlier,we2.not onlybut also/as well asNot only the mother but also the children are sick.The mother as well as the children is sick.不但不但妈妈妈妈而且而

4、且孩子孩子也病了。也病了。不但不但孩子们孩子们而且而且妈妈妈妈也病了。也病了。连接连接主语主语时，时，强调的方面不同，谓语动词在强调的方面不同，谓语动词在人称、数人称、数上也要调整上也要调整。orThe elephant isnt like a wall,or a spear,or asnake,or a tree,neither is he like a fan.在否定句中在否定句中并列并列成分的列举通常用成分的列举通常用or来连接，来连接，不用不用and。从属连词：用来连接各种从句。从属连词：用来连接各种从句。主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句连接词有：连接词有：th

5、at,if,whether,as连接代词：连接代词：who，whom，whose，what which,whatever,whoever,whichever连接副词：连接副词：when，where，why，how，wherever,whenever从属连词：用来连接各种从句。从属连词：用来连接各种从句。2.状语从句状语从句引导引导时间时间状语从句连词有：状语从句连词有：as,when,while,till,notuntil,until,before,since,as soon as,hardly/scarcelywhen,no sooner.than,once,the moment,the m

6、inute that,by the time引导引导让步让步状语从句连词有：状语从句连词有：although,though,even if,even though,no matter+who(what,when,how,where)或或 whoever,whatever,wherever,however等等as,though(要用倒装要用倒装)从属连词：用来连接各种从句。从属连词：用来连接各种从句。2.状语从句状语从句引导引导原因原因状语从句连词有：状语从句连词有：because,as for,since,now that引导引导地点地点状语从句连词有：状语从句连词有：where,wherev

7、er引导引导目的目的状语从句连词有：状语从句连词有：so that,in order that引导引导结果结果状语从句连词有：状语从句连词有：sothat,suchthat引导引导方式方式状语从句连词有：状语从句连词有：as,as if(though)引导引导比较比较状语从句连词有：状语从句连词有：than,as引导引导条件条件状语从句连词有：状语从句连词有：if,unless,so(as)long as,in case,once,as far as,on condition that从属连词：用来连接各种从句。从属连词：用来连接各种从句。3.定语从句定语从句 关系代词：关系代词：who，wh

8、om，whose，which，that 关系副词：关系副词：when，where，why4.同位语从句同位语从句同上（除同上（除 that 外）外）一一.几组时间几组时间 状语从句状语从句1.till,notuntil,until,before,sinceDont get off the bus until it has stopped.He waited for his father until(till)it was twelveoclock.It will be five years before he returns fromEngland.Observe the following

9、sentences.till/until They played volleyball until(till)it got dark.They didnt talk until(till)the interpreter came.He didnt go to bed until(till)his father came back.Till the last minute of the match we kept on playing.Till he finished his work did he go home.We walked till the edge of the forest.un

10、til until 位于位于句首句首时，时，not not 开头的从句开头的从句中，不能用中，不能用tilltill。until/tilluntil/till只能用于只能用于时间时间。改为改为as far as或或toF几组时间几组时间 状语从句状语从句2.hardly/scarcelywhen,no soonerthan,once,as soon as,As soon as I have finished it,Ill give you a call.Once you show any face,he will attack you.We had hardly got into the co

11、untry when it beganto rain.(Hardly had we got into)一一就就几组时间几组时间 状语从句状语从句3.the moment,directly,immediately,the minute that,He made for the door directly he heard the knock.4.each time,every time,by the timeEach time he came to my city,he would call onme.一一就就Observe the following sentences.1.while 是否可

12、换为是否可换为when?Please keep quiet while others are studying.A friend of yours came to see you while you were away.可以。可以。while=at the time that,during the time that谓语动词为谓语动词为持续性持续性的动词。谓语一般为的动词。谓语一般为进行时进行时,或状态动词的或状态动词的一般现在时一般现在时。Observe the following sentences.2.when 是否可换为是否可换为while?When I went into the l

13、ab,the teacher was doing an experiment.He often makes mistakes when he is speaking English.when 可指可指一段一段时间，也可指时间，也可指一点一点时间。引导时间。引导的状语从句的的状语从句的谓语动词谓语动词可是可是终止性终止性的，的，也可也可是是延续性延续性的。的。主句和从句的主句和从句的谓语谓语可以是可以是一般时、进行时、完一般时、进行时、完成时成时。when 不等于不等于 whilewhen=whileObserve the following sentences.3.as 是否可换为是否可换为w

14、hile,when?As I was walking down the street,I noticed a police car in front of number 37.as 可与可与when,while通用，但强调通用，但强调“一边一边一一边边”。as=when,while区别几组同义词连词区别几组同义词连词:一一.when，while，as “当当时时”*when+持续性持续性V./+终止性终止性V.e.g.He was doing his homework when I came in.*while+持续性动作持续性动作 ，表示，表示“在在时时”;表示对比表示对比“而而”e.g.S

15、trike while the iron is hot.I like tea while she likes coffee.*as+延续性动词延续性动词-“当当的时候的时候”;“一边一边一边一边”e.g.I met her as I was coming home.(=when)She sang as she walked home.As he talked on he got more and more excited.类别类别 作用作用例句例句aswhenwhileShe came up as I was cooking.The runners started as the gun wen

16、t out.It was raining when we arrived.When we were at school,we went to the library every day.Please dont talk so loud while we are working.He feel asleep while/when reading.和和when/while通用，但它通用，但它着重强调着重强调主句与从句主句与从句的动的动作作同时同时或或几乎几乎同时发生。同时发生。主句的动作或事情在从句主句的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，程中发生，从句从句中的动

17、词中的动词一般要用一般要用延续性延续性动词。动词。即可以表示在某一即可以表示在某一点点的时的时候，又可以表示在某一候，又可以表示在某一段段时间内，时间内，主句与从句主句与从句的动的动作或事情可以作或事情可以同时同时发生也发生也可以可以先后先后发生。发生。二二.because(因为因为)，since（既然）（既然）,as(由于由于),for(因为因为)*“Why did you move there?”“_my father found a job there.”The man fainted(晕倒晕倒)_ he was tired and hungry.*_it is known to all

18、,the earth moves round the sun.*_ you cant answer the question,perhaps wed better ask someone else.*The old lady doesnt go out in winter,_ she feels the cold a great deal.BecausebecauseAsSincefor类别类别作用作用例句例句because表示不知道原因，可放在表示不知道原因，可放在句首句首或或句句末末，句首句首要用要用逗号逗号分开。句末不需分开。句末不需分开。分开。I am leaving because

19、I am full.for表示不知道的原因，语气最弱，是表示不知道的原因，语气最弱，是可说可不说的话，可说可不说的话，只能放在主句后，只能放在主句后，而且必须与前面的分句分开。而且必须与前面的分句分开。for前前有有“逗号逗号”Its morning now,for the birds are singing.since/as表示已知原因，表示已知原因，since比比as 正式一点。正式一点。通常放在通常放在主句前主句前。Since everybody is here,lets start.下列情况只能用下列情况只能用because1 回答回答why问句时问句时2 用于强调句型中用于强调句型中

20、3 被被 not 否定时否定时三三.so that “以便，为了以便，为了”(表示目的表示目的)=in order that so that “以致于，结果以致于，结果”(表示结果表示结果)He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.He got up late so that he didnt catch the first bus.It was very cold,so that the water in the bowl froze.She took medicine on time so that she might get

21、 well soon.“为了为了”“结果结果”“结果结果”“为了为了”sothat；suchthat“如此如此以致于以致于”他是如此聪明的男孩他是如此聪明的男孩,我们大家都喜欢他我们大家都喜欢他.He is _ a clever boy that all of us like him.她被吓坏了她被吓坏了,以致哭了起来以致哭了起来.She was _ frightened that she started crying.这是一个如此美丽的公园，以致人们喜欢在里面玩这是一个如此美丽的公园，以致人们喜欢在里面玩.It is _ beautiful a park that people enjoy

22、playing in it.There is _ much ink in the bottle that you can use it.There are _ many texts in the book that we cant finish learning this term.suchsosososo小结：小结：such +名词（词组）名词（词组）that so +形容词形容词/副词副词 that四四.“尽管尽管”although,though,ase.g.Although/Though it was cold,he went on working.-Cold as/though it

23、was,he went on working.Although/Though he is a child,he knows a lot.-Child as/though he is,he knows a lot.Although/Though you read fast,you cant finish the book in three days.-Fast as you read,you cant finish the book in three days.小结：小结：although/though 用于正常语序。用于正常语序。as/though用于倒装语序，即将表语、状语、用于倒装语序，即

24、将表语、状语、动词原形提前！动词原形提前！五五.疑问词疑问词+ever和和 no matter+疑问词的区别疑问词的区别Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.You can choose whatever you like in shop.Whoever breaks the rule,he must be punished.Whatever you do,you must do it well.No matter what you do,you must do it well.no matter who breaks the rule,he mus

25、t be punished.疑问词疑问词+ever可引导可引导名词性名词性从句和从句和让步让步状语从句状语从句no matter+疑问词只能引导疑问词只能引导让步让步状语从句。状语从句。六六.if,whether “是否是否”She asked _ I took sugar in my tea.I dont care _it doesnt rain.=I dont care _ it rain or not._ he will come or not is unknown.They discussed_they should help her.We are considering _ to g

26、o.It is still a question _ they will finish the task in time.ifwhether/ifwhetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhether七七.whether 和和 if 的区别的区别I dont care whether he will attend my birthday party or not.I dont care whether or not he will attend my birthday party.2.I havent decided whether to leave or not.3.Whet

27、her they will go to the Great Wall is not known.和和not连用连用whether可接不定式可接不定式引导主语从句，放在句首时，只能用引导主语从句，放在句首时，只能用whether whether 和和 if 的区别的区别4.The question whether we will take part in the physics contest has not been decided.The question is whether we can finish the task on time.5.It depends on whether yo

28、u want to do it or not.引导同位语从句、表语从句，通常用引导同位语从句、表语从句，通常用whetherwhether可做介词的宾语从句的连接词可做介词的宾语从句的连接词 whether 和和 if 的区别的区别6.If you work hard,you are sure to succeed.7.I wonder if he can not do me a favor.He had no idea if he could not finish the task in time.if可用来引导条件状语从句可用来引导条件状语从句从句用于否定结构时，必须用从句用于否定结构时，

29、必须用ifPractice:1.Hurry up,_ youll be late.2.Study hard,_ youll make progress.3.I had tried hard,_ I failed.4.I was going to jump into the river _ the guide called out to me.5.She could _ read German _ speak it well.orandbutwhenbothand6.You may _ do it yourself _ leave it to me.7.I cant swim,_ can my

30、sister.8.It must be raining,_ it is so dark outside.9.The problem was very hard,_,we worked it out in the end.eitherorneitherforotherwise10.She had much difficulty in studying English,_we should give her more help.11.We have studied English for only a year,_ we can already act plays in English12._ h

31、e _ I am from the north.13.You can _ stay at school _Come to spend the holiday with us.sobutNot onlybut alsoeitheror14.I dont know him,_ do I know where he comes from.15.He was very tired,_ he kept on working.16.You may watch TV,_ only for half an hour or so.17.Come _ today _ tomorrow.18.I was ill,a

32、nd _ could not come.nor yetbuteitherorthereforeas 引导让步，要用倒装引导让步，要用倒装Child as he is,he knows a lot.Much as I like it,I wont buy.Try as he would,he couldnt lift the heavy box.A.when/When B.while/WhileA.when/When B.while/WhileC.as/AsC.as/As1._ he comes tomorrow,I shall ask him where he has been.2._ he

33、was speaking,everybody listened carefully.3._ they picked tea,the girls sang happily.4.Have a good look at that man _ you pass him.5.It was already eight oclock _ we got home.6._ coal is burned,the chemical energy is turned into heat energy.7.He learned to speak German _ he was in Berlin.8.Henry is in charge of the office_ Mr.Smith is away.9.I was going out _a visitor came.10.Some people respect him _others are afraid of him.ABCCAABAA/BB