新世纪英语专业本科生综合教程unit3教师上课用ppt课文详解ppt词汇解释ppt

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1、ALIENATION AND THE INTERNETUnit 3Unit 3ALIENATION AND THE INTERNETUnit 3Watch the video and answer the following questions.1.According to Mark,why did people come to the Facemash in a stampede?Audiovisual supplementCultural informationIt wasnt because they saw pictures of hot girls,but because they

2、saw pictures of girls they knew.For one thing,there was nothing to hack.People would provide their own pictures,their own information,and people had the ability to invite,or not invite,their friends to join.In addition,in a world where social structure was everything,that was the thing.2.According t

3、o Eduardo,what was so great about the idea?Audiovisual supplementCultural informationFrom Youve Got MailMark:Eduardo:Mark:Eduardo:Mark:People came to the Facemash in a stampede,right?Yeah.But it wasnt because they saw pictures of hot girls.You can go anywhere on the Internet and see pictures of hot

4、girls.Yeah.Thats because they saw pictures of girls they knew.People want to go on the Internet and check out their friends,so why not build a website that offers that?Friends,pictures,profiles,whatever you can visit,browse around.Maybe its someone you just met at a party.But Im not talking about a

5、dating site.Im talkingAudiovisual supplementCultural informationEduardo:Mark:Eduardo:Eduardo:Mark:Mark:about taking the entire social experience of college and putting it online.I cant feel my legs.I know.Im totally psyched about this,too.But,Wardo?Yeah?(recalling):“It would be exclusive.”You would

6、have to know the people on the site to get past your own page,like getting punched.Now,thats good.Wardo,its like a final club,except were the president.Eduardo:(recalling):I told him I thought it sounded great.It was a great idea.There was nothing to hack.People were gonna provide their own pictures

7、,their own information.And people had the ability to invite,or not invite,their friends to join.See,in a world where social structure was everything,that was the thing.The Internet is a wonderful source from which we can retrieve valuable information.Moreover,it facilitates our communication with pe

8、ople far away from us at a cost substantially less than that of traditional means of communication.Also,it can be an important building block to childrens learning because a vast amount of information is only clicks away.There is evidence suggesting that computer use is linked to slightly better aca

9、demic performance.Audiovisual supplementCultural informationPros and Cons of the InternetAudiovisual supplementCultural information However,there is sufficient evidence indicating that the Internet can exert a harmful influence on people.For example,its addictive power has increased children andyoun

10、gsters time spent in front of the computer screens at the expense of other healthier physical activities,thus increasing their chance of getting overweight and short-sighted.In addition,children have limited ability of telling right from wrong and therefore are subject to the potential contaminating

11、 influence of the harmful materials on the Internet.Structural analysisRhetorical features If the Internet allows for the free exchange of ideas,it helps to unify us.Then how does it alienate us while uniting us?How does it fragment society while globalizing ideas?This is the issue that the author t

12、ackles in the text.This piece of argumentative writing falls into three parts.Part I(Paragraphs 1 2):The writer presents his thesis in the opening part:the Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragmentation of society by alienating its individual users.Structural analysisRhetorical feature

13、sPart II(Paragraphs 3 6):The author supports his point with evidence and reasons in the body of argumentation.Part III(Paragraph 7):The writer reiterates his main idea in the conclusion of the text.Structural analysisRhetorical featuresThe thesis statement of the text is in the second paragraph:“.th

14、e Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragmentation of society by alienating its individual users.”The concluding statement appears at the beginning of the last paragraph:“All this being said,I believe that the key to realizing the potential of the Internet is in achieving balance in our

15、lives.”Structural analysisRhetorical features The seeming self-contradiction that the Internet can lead to globalization on the one hand and cause the alienation of the users from the people around them on the other is reinforced by the use of pairs of antonyms.Some examples:globalization/alienation

16、;real/not real;reality/virtual existence;outside playing with his friends/play his games against his friends in the cyberspacePractice:Please find more examples of antonyms in the text.The Internet provides an amazing forum for the free exchange of ideas.Given the relatively few restrictions governi

17、ng access and usage,it is the communications modal equivalent of international waters.It is my personal belief that the human potential can only be realized by the globalization of ideas.I developed this position years before the Internet came into widespread use.And I am excited at the potential fo

18、r the Internet to dramatically alter our global society for the better.However I am also troubled by the possible unintended negative consequences.Will BakerALIENATION AND THE INTERNETDetailed reading1 There has been much talk about the“new information age.”But much less widely reported has been the

19、 notion that the Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragmentation of society by alienating its individual users.At first this might sound like an apparent contradiction:how can something,that is on the one hand responsible for global unification by enabling the free exchange of ideas,ali

20、enate the participants?I had a recent discussion with a friend of mine who has what he described as a“problem”with the Internet.When I questioned further he said that he was“addicted,”Detailed reading23and has“forced”himself to go off-line.He said that he felt like an alcoholic,in that moderate use

21、of the Internet was just not possible for him.I have not known this fellow to be given to exaggeration,therefore when he described his Internet binges,when he would spend over twenty-four hours on line non-stop,it gave me pause to think.He said,“the Internet isnt real,but I was spending all my time

22、on line,so I just had to stop.”He went on to say that all of the time that he spent on line might have skewed his sense of reality,and that it made him feel lonely and depressed.Detailed reading The fragmentation of society has been lamented for some time now.It seems to me that it probably began in

23、 earnest after World War II when a generation returned from doing great deeds overseas.They won the war,and by God they were going to win the peace.Automobile ownership became commonplace and suburbs were created.“Progress”was their mantra.So even prior to the Internets widespread popularity,folks w

24、ere already becoming distanced from their extended families and neighbors.And when we fast-forward to today we see an almost cruel irony in that people can and often do develop on-line relationships with folks on the other side of the globe,without leaving their homes.Detailed reading4Detailed readi

25、ngBut at the expense of the time that would have otherwise been available for involvement in other activities which might foster a sense of community in their villages,towns and cities.Last weekend my wife and I invited our extended family to our home to celebrate our daughters birthday.During the c

26、elebration my young nephew spent the entire time on my computer playing a simulated war game.My brother-in-law and I were chatting nearby and it struck us that in generations past,his son,my nephew,would have been outside playing with his friends.But now the little fellow goes on line to play his ga

27、mes against his friends in cyberspace.5Detailed reading It seems to me that the Internet is a powerful tool that presents an opportunity for the advancement of the acquisition and application of knowledge.However,based on my personal experience I can understand how,as they surf the web some folks mi

28、ght be confronted with cognitive overload.And I can also understand how one might have his or her sense of reality distorted in the process.Is the Internet a real place?Depending upon how a“real place”is defined it might very well be.At the very least,I believe that when we use the Internet,6Detaile

29、d readingwe are forced to ask fundamental questions about how we perceive the world about us perhaps another unintended consequence.Some would argue that the virtual existences created by some users who debate,shop,travel and have romance on line are in fact not real,while others would argue that,si

30、nce in practical terms,folks are debating,shopping,traveling and having romance,the converse is true.Detailed reading All of this being said,I believe that the key to realizing the potential of the Internet is in achieving balance in our lives.This would allow us to maximize its potential without lo

31、sing our sense of place.However,like most things,that is easier said than done.It seems to me that we are a society that values immediate gratification above all else,and what better place to achieve it than in cyberspace,where the cyber-world is your cyber-oyster.The widespread use of the automobil

32、e forever changed our society and culture,and perhaps a similar sort of thing is occurring now.I am not at all7Detailed readingcertain where the“information superhighway”will lead us:some say to Utopia,while others feel its the road to hell.But I do know that we all have the ability to maintain our

33、sense of place in the world.Whether we choose to take advantage of this ability is another matter.How does the author start his argument?The author starts his argument by presenting an apparent contradiction:on the one hand,the Internet facilitates global unification by enabling the free exchange of

34、 ideas;on the other,it alienates the participants.Detailed readingDetailed readingWhat is the authors purpose of citing the example of his friend in Paragraph 3?How is the example related to his argument?With the example of his friend,the author intends to convince the reader of the negative consequ

35、ence of the Internet.His friend was addicted to the Internet and stayed on line too long.The side effect of the Internet upon his friend,i.e.distorting his sense of reality and making him feel lonely and depressed,is evidence that the Internet contributes to the fragmentation of society by alienatin

36、g its individual users.Detailed readingWhat is the“cruel irony”concerning the use of the Internet mentioned at the end of Paragraph 4?The“cruel irony”means that on the one hand the Internet provides users with a convenient means of communicating and making friends with people far apart,but on the ot

37、her,it estranges them from people around them by curtailing their availability for face-to-face communication even with their families and close friends and for involvement in community activities.Detailed readingWhat is the main idea of Paragraph 6?In this paragraph,the author means to illustrate h

38、ow the overuse of the Internet may distort the users sense of reality.Detailed readingDoes the author believe it is within human capacity to reap the benefit of the Internet without being penalized?Yes.He thinks that people are able to maintain their sense of place while exploiting the resources of

39、the Internet.Detailed readingGroup discussionDo you find the Internet useful in your life?What advantages does the Internet bring to you?Are there any disadvantages of the Internet?Share your opinions about the pros and cons of the Internet with your groupmates.given:prep.when you consider sth.e.g.G

40、iven his age(=considering how old he is),hes remarkably active.Given her interest in children,teaching seems the right job for her.Detailed readinggiven that:conj.e.g.It was surprising the government was re-elected,given that they had raised taxes so much.a.fixed for a purpose and stated as suche.g.

41、They were to meet at a given time and place.Detailed readingequivalent:n.sth.equal in value,measure,force,effect or significanceThe dress cost the equivalent of a weeks salary.What is the equivalent of fifty pounds in US dollars?e.g.Comparison:equivalent(of/to sth.)a.equal in value,amount,meaning,im

42、portance,etc.Eight kilometers is roughly equivalent to five miles.e.g.Comparison:equivalent(to sth.)Detailed readingRewrite the sentence using“equivalent”:Breathing such polluted air has the same effect as smoking ten cigarettes a day.Answer:Breathing such polluted air is the equivalent of smoking t

43、en cigarettes a day.Breathing such polluted air is equivalent to smoking ten cigarettes a day.Detailed readingdramatically:ad.suddenly and noticeablye.g.Prices have fallen dramatically.Events could have developed in a dramatically different way.a dramatic increase/fall/change/improvement dramatic re

44、sults/developments/newse.g.Derivation:dramatic a.Detailed readingalter:v.become different;make sb./sth.differente.g.He had altered so much that I scarcely recognized him.Nothing can alter the fact that we are to blame.The landscape has been radically altered,severely damaging wildlife.They are makin

45、g major/minor alterations to the house.e.g.Derivation:alteration:n.a change to sth.that makes it differentDetailed readingalternate:a.(of two things)happening or following one after the other regularlye.g.She puts alternate layers of fruit and cream to make cake.v.(cause to)follow by turnse.g.We alt

46、ernate periods of work and sleep.Detailed readingalternative:n.a thing that you can choose to do or have out of two or more possibilitiese.g.You can be paid in cash weekly or by check monthly;those are the two alternatives.a.only before noun e.g.Have you got an alternative suggestion?Detailed readin

47、gBlank filling:1.This shirt will have to be ;it is too large.2.This shirt needs ;it is too large.3.His moods between happiness and gloom.4.This method doesnt work.Do you have an solution?altered_alteration_alternate_alternative_Detailed readingfurther:v.help forwarde.g.Additional training is probabl

48、y the best way to further your career these days.The interests of an organization will never be furthered through acts of terrorism.Note that when the same form is used as a noun,the stress shifts to the first syllable.Detailed readingfragment:v.break into parts or small piecesPronunciation:e.g.The

49、satellite will fragment and burn up as it falls through the Earths atmosphere.The government is planning to fragment the industry before privatizing it.n.a small part of sth.that has broken off or comes from sth.largere.g.Police found fragments of glass near the scene.I overheard a fragment of their

50、 conversation.Detailed readinge.g.the fragmentation of the country into small independent statesDerivations:fragmentation:n.e.g.a fragmented societyfragmented:a.Detailed readingalienate:v.cause sb.to feel very distant from or not welcome to sb.elsee.g.She was alienated from her brother by her foolis

51、h behavior.All these changes to the newspaper have alienated its traditional readers.Detailed readinge.g.In a world that had suddenly become alien and dangerous,he was her only security.(a.)aliens from outer space(n.)Derivations:alien:a.&n.e.g.The new policy resulted in the alienation of many voters

52、.Many immigrants suffer from a sense of alienation.alienation:n.Detailed readingaddicted:a.being dependent on sth.and wanting to spend as much time doing it as possiblee.g.Some youngsters are hopelessly addicted to video games.Shes become addicted to love stories.Collocation:be addicted to sth.Detai

53、led readinge.g.He is now fighting his addiction to alcohol.Derivations:addiction:n.e.g.Heroin is highly addictive.addictive:a.Detailed readingalcoholic:n.sb.who cannot stop drinking large amounts of alcohol,even when this is making him or her ille.g.shopaholic;chocaholic;workaholicWord Formation:-ah

54、olic:suffix in nounsliking sth.very much and unable to stop doing or using itDetailed readingin that:conj.(formal)for the reason that;becausee.g.She was fortunate in that she had friends to help her.Men differ from brutes in that they can think and speak.The news was all the more reliable in that it

55、 was from an official source.Detailed readingbe given to:(formal)do sth.often or regularlye.g.He is given to heavy drinking.He is given to going for long walk on his own.Collocation:be given to sth./doing sth.Detailed readingexaggeration:n.action of making a situation,quality,or feature appear great

56、er,more obvious,or more important than it really ise.g.The hotel was really filthy and Im not exaggerating.He tends to exaggerate the difficulties.Derivation:exaggerate:v.make sth.seem larger,better,worse or more important than it really ise.g.He told his story simply and without exaggeration.Detail

57、ed readingbinge:n.an occasion when an activity is done in an extreme way,esp.eating,drinking or spending moneye.g.go on a binge/an Internet binge/a chocolate bingeOne of the symptoms of this disease is binge eating.Detailed readingskew:v.cause to be not straight or exact;twiste.g.The companys result

58、s for this year are skewed because not all our customers have paid their bills.Todays election will skew the results in favour of the northern end of the country.Detailed readinglament:v.express sadness and regret about sth.e.g.He lamented the death of his friend.She lamented that she had never been

59、 to Paris.e.g.She shows a lamentable lack of understanding.Derivation:lamentable:a.very disappointingIt strikes me that nobody is really in favor of the proposal.我突然意识到没人真正喜欢这个提议。我突然意识到没人真正喜欢这个提议。Detailed reading.it struck us that:.it occurred to us that /.we suddenly realized that e.g.How does the

60、concert last night strike you?He struck me as an odd,old-fashioned professor of Chinese._ Blank filling:He challenged his accusers to confront him openly.They lawyer confronted the accused man with the forged check.This was the first time he had confronted an armed robber.Detailed readingconfront:v.

61、deal with a problem or difficult situation e.g.She knew that she had to confront her fears.He manifested extraordinary courage when confronted with formidable difficulty.Synonym:face up toface sb.so that they cannot avoid seeing and hearing you,esp.in an unfriendly or dangerous situatione.g.Detailed

62、 readingperceive:v.see,notice,or realize sth.,esp.when it is not obviouse.g.I perceived a change in his behavior.She perceived that all was not well.The patient was perceived to have difficulty in breathing.e.g.It was very perceptive of you to notice that.Derivations:perception:n.perceptive:a.having

63、 or showing the ability to see or understand things quickly,esp.things that are not obvious(1)The price increase has had no effect on sales.价格增长对销售没有产生可见的影响。价格增长对销售没有产生可见的影响。(2)The drug can alter peoples of visual stimuli.这种药物能够改变人的视觉刺激感知能力。这种药物能够改变人的视觉刺激感知能力。Detailed readinge.g.Her foreign accent w

64、as barely perceptible.Derivations:perceptible:a.great enough for you to notice it(Synonym:noticeable)perceptible_Blank filling:perception_Detailed readingconverse:n.the oppositee.g.In the U.S.,cars are driven on the right side of the road,but in Britain the converse applies.It is possible,of course,

65、that the converse of this theory may also be true.Detailed readingmaximize:v.increase sth.as much as possiblee.g.maximize efficiency/fitness/profits computing Maximize the window to full screen.make the best use of sth.e.g.maximize opportunities/resources minimizeAntonym:Detailed readingvalue:v.rega

66、rd highly;esteeme.g.We value your cooperation and would like to expand business with you.I have always valued your friendship.Collocations:value sb./sth.(as sth.);value sb./sth.(for sth.)他是我们队很看重的一个成员。他是我们队很看重的一个成员。He is a member of our team.valued_Blank filling:Explanation:Note that the word“communication”is a mass noun.When used in the singular form it means the sharing or exchanging of information by speaking,writing,or by using some other medium.When used in the plural form,as in this senten