凤凰国际英语托福独立写作强化提分课件

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1、Lesson Two托福独立写作托福独立写作强化提分强化提分今日内容如何提升独立写作分数？1）开头段：其他引言段写作方法2）正文：其他论证结构3）活用素材4）语句润色5）观点创新6）限时写作与讲解开头段传统方法：背景+观点常用词汇事件：issue,problem,question热门，棘手：hot,heated,urgent,burning,pressing,pervasive,rampant争论：debate,controversy,argument,dispute一致，同意：consensus引起注意：in the limelight,brought into attention,focu

2、s,concern带来问题：impose,cause出现问题：loom up,crop us面临问题：confront,encounter,face question紧急的：acute困扰：be plagued,embarrassed,upset by见证：witness,see惊人的：alarming,startling,surprising使恶化：worsen,deteriorate讨厌的：undesirable广泛的：pervasive,rampant,prevalent存在：under way常用句型With the rapid/amazing development ofAccord

3、ing to recent survey/poll/study,there have occurredThere is a heated/focused debate at present about the issue ofAll reliable evidence justifies the fact/view that is a rampant issue in todays society.Recently/nowadays/at present,the phenomenon ofhas loomed up wide public concern.The alarm about the

4、 issue ofhas caused considerable/general attention.The question ofhas been in the limelight/brought into focus.Nowadays,our society is witnessing more and more其他方法：论题论题+各方观点各方观点+观点观点 是指在文章开头首先给出人们对要讨论的问题的不同看法和观点，然后提出作者对此问题的态度。适用于有争议性的主题。语料常用词汇反对：object,challenge认为：acknowledge,accept,maintain,hold,co

5、nceive争议：controversy辩论：contend容忍，让步：concede主张：set forth,advocate,endorse同意：consent招致反对：provoke criticism不可避免的：inevitable可行性：feasibility歪曲事实：slant,distort退一步说：conceding假想：assumption适度的，适量的：moderate怀疑的：skeptic套用句型There is much discussion as to the problem of Those who object to argue that But those wh

6、o advocate on the other hand,argue thatThere is no agreement among people as to the issue of Some people say thatOthers say that As to me,I am on the first side of the argument.The following examples can prove my standpoint.There is a public debate as to the issue ofNowadays,it is commonly believed/

7、widely held that,but I doubt whetherNowadays,it is generally acknowledged that but I doubt whetherWhen asked about,the vast majority of people say that But other people regardasWhen faced withquite a few people claim that But other people think套用句型When it comes to.,most people believe that but other

8、 people view it asThere is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of Those who object to the idea argue thatBut people who favorargue thatThere is a heated debate today about the problem ofIn the face of some people take the position that,to which I cant attach my consent.Although people arriv

9、e at he common understanding of,their views are at opposite poles when talk about the issue of.seems to provoke wide criticism in todays society.The value of this form of is now being questioned byThere is a growing skepticism toward例子1话题：经济应该缓慢发展还是迅速发展 Nowadays,there is much discussion about whethe

10、r fast economic growth is desirable.Those who criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down.They believe that society is approaching certain limits on growth.These include the fixed supply of natural resources,and the possible negative effects of industry on the natural environment.People w

11、ho want more economic growth,on the other hand,argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many poor people.Personally,I think the second idea will hold water.例子2话题：社会成功标准 There is no agreement among people as to the best measure of a countrys success.Some people focus on rich economy

12、 while others may think it is the quality of life that has nothing to do with money.From my point of view,both views go to extremes and we need a further analysis on their views.开头段观点观点+简单事例简单事例例子：People are driven by personal satisfaction or monetary gains.Agree or disagree?Even though we live in a

13、 capitalist society,I still cannot help but believe,despite my own cynicism,that people are more motivated to achieve something for personal satisfaction rather than monetary gains.Look at Chekovs short story,“The Bet.”A man agrees to sacrifice fifteen years of his life in prison in exchange for a m

14、illion dollars.Obviously his motivation for such an extreme bet is wealth,but by the end of the prison sentence,the man could care less about the money.After years of introspection,of reading Shakespeare,The Bible,and textbooks,the man actually comes to despise the money he once sought;the money he

15、signed away fifteen years of his life for.He does not collect his money from the banker,he runs away to be on his own and continue to live the life of solitude he has learned to love,free of money and possessions.正文：心理学理论（内因外因）+我姐姐的例子 +心理学理论（快乐理论）+我邻居的例子Another example Some people think that truth i

16、s not objective,but rather is determined by each individual.Do you agree or disagree?Great confidence is often put into what people see or hear.In a court,a judge will listen to witnesses and regard their words as evidence.Is it possible that what we see and hear,or what we regard as the“truth”,is n

17、ot objective.正文：其他论证结构正文：其他论证结构引言：提出观点引言：提出观点正文一：论据正文一：论据1结论：总结观点结论：总结观点正文二：论据正文二：论据2正文三：让步正文三：让步正文：其他论证结构引言：提出观点引言：提出观点正文一：论据正文一：论据1结论：总结观点结论：总结观点正文二：论据正文二：论据2正文三：举例正文三：举例句型Of course,there is no denying that.Admittedly.Take X as a typical example.活用素材For example:Galileo Challenge the authority Dili

18、gencePersistence Etc 语句润色复杂句分词独立结构定语从句等等亮点词汇资源1）高频写作词汇2）高阶写作词汇3）亮点动词4）其他论点创新1）分类2）替代分类法分类法 宽泛、抽象宽泛、抽象 细化、分类细化、分类2.1 方法方法增加增加2.2 目的目的入题点入题点讨论内容讨论内容Some high-School graduates go to travel or work for a period of time before they go to study in universities.Which one do you think is better,and why?例题例题

19、1：Some high-School graduates go to travel or work for a period of time before they go to study in universities.Which one do you think is better,and why?例题例题1-思路思路1 high-school graduates文科生：文科生：liberal arts students理科生：理科生：science students 艺术类：艺术类：art studentsgo to work1.liberal arts students librari

20、es/newspaper/reporter/clerk better grasp of high-level language2.science students corporation/laboratory business transaction apply a theory to actual practice3.art studentsart galleries/museums get a close contact with real artistic valueSome high-School graduates go to travel or work for a period

21、of time before they go to study in universities.Which one do you think is better,and why?例题例题1-思路思路2universitiesComprehensive universityLanguage SchoolEngineering schoolCollege of artsShould a city try to preserve its old buildings or destroy them and replace them with modern buildings?PracticeShoul

22、d a city try to preserve its old buildings or destroy them and replace them with modern buildings?PracticeOld buildings 不该拆不该拆1.buildings of historic values 2.gorgeous historic buildings 3.special ethnic architecture要拆要拆1.unsafe2.spoil the cityscape 1.buildings of historic valuescourtyard house/huto

23、ng/The Forbidden Citypart of Chinese traditional culture reveals the concept of the syncretism of nature and human”2.gorgeous historic buildings Russian street in Dalianenjoy the splendid houses/go shopping/travel3.buildings with distinctive ethnic flavorPotala Palacea grand palace to accommodate Pr

24、incess Wenchengrepresents national unity People remember special gifts or presents that they have received.Why?Practice1gifts/presents1.birthday 2.high score3.Valentines Day4.bribe替代法替代法程度词-est/only/ban/stop 3.1 方法方法 推翻绝对化逻辑 3.2 目的目的1.出绝对词出绝对词2.翻绝对词翻绝对词3.出出 词词 3.3 步骤步骤找找推推找找替代替代Some people think fli

25、ght was the greatest invention in the 20th century and it has the biggest impact on our lives.To what extent do you agree or disagree?例题例题1Some people think flight was the greatest invention in the 20th century and it has the biggest impact on our lives.To what extent do you agree or disagree?例题例题1找

26、替代找替代computers internet automobiles cell phonesSome people think stricter punishment for driving offenders is the only effective way to improve safety on the roads.Do you agree or disagree?例题例题 2Some people think stricter punishment for driving offenders is the only effective way to improve safety o

27、n the roads.Do you agree or disagree?例题例题 2Other effective ways1.pedestrians/cyclist2.policeman3.road be professional and dedicated wide,clear and smoothkeep the traffic in order/do not jump the stop lightPeople should read only those books that are about real events,real people,and established fact

28、s.例题例题 3People should read only those books that are about real events,real people,and established facts.例题例题 3not for real1.science fictionenrich knowledge about the universe and scienceintelligent,knowledgeable2.romantic fiction/sentimental novelfeel like a warm flows inside a positive vision of t

29、he future3.cartoons/fairy talesstay young“if you carry your childhood with you,youll never become older.”4.horror storiessense stimulationexercise my gutsPlaying a game is fun only when you winPracticePlaying a game is fun only when you winPractice1.losefailure contributes to success1st,learn what d

30、oes not work2nd,an opportunity to try a new approach.2.be on a tie player:no one gets hurt and depressedspectator:chance to enjoy more 3.game itself is funmake friends and ease ourselves from stressA persons childhood years(the time from birth to 12 years of age)are the most important years of a per

31、sons life.Practice 2A persons childhood years(the time from birth to 12 years of age)are the most important years of a persons life.Practice 2no one grows older by living a number of years1.youth awareness stagegrow mature from naivety2.maturityactualize the personal worth and ultimate life value3.s

32、enectitudea carefree period full of memories限时写作Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Physical exercise is more important for older people than for younger people.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is better for students to study alone than to study with a group

33、 of students.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People should have hobbies and do physical activities that are different from their work.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Movies and televisions should always show audience good people are being rewarded and bad people are being punished.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?High school students should take a course on basic economics.