非谓语动词学生版

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1、智康初中英语基础模块06非谓语动词】j非谓语动词中考怎么考能够熟练掌握非谓语动词的基本的用法在北京中考中要求考生对非谓语动词的掌握往往集中在对固定用法的考查上。内容基本要求非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的三种形式；二、非谓语动词的用法；三、非谓语动词中需要注意的一些问题。满分必备攻略根据英语动词在句中是否独立用作谓语，可以把动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两种。 谓语动词是指动词在句中独立作谓语时采用的形式，如各种时态的形式； 非谓语动词是指动词在句中不独立作谓语时采用的形式，包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词 过去分词）三种。考点一：动词不定式1不定式形式动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，称为

2、带to的不定式。如：He wanted to sit down.他想坐下。（带to的不定式）Let himsitdown. 让他坐下。（不带 to 的不定式）注意：这里的 to 只是个语法符号，没有词义。不定式在句中不能独立做谓语，也没有人称和数的变化 易错点：动词不定式否定形式： not + （to） + do2不定式的基本用法动词不定式虽然是动词的一种形式，但是它却具有名词、形容词和副词的功能，因此在句中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语（宾补）、定语、状语等。 用作主语：不定式做主语时，常用it做形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为t is + adj. + （for/ of）

3、+动词 不定式。如：To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language.To help the poor is his duty.It is his duty to help the poor.注意：在 kind; good; nice; clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用 for 而用 of。 如：Its very kind of you to help me.Its very clever of you to do like that.【实战演练】多吃水果和蔬菜对身

4、体有好处。our health to eat more fruit and vegetables. （2009年北京中考） 战士们已连续工作了18个小时，有必要让他们停下来休息。The soldiers have kept working for 18 hours, so （. 2008年北京中考） 用作宾语：A 情况：一些动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，这类动词常有： would like, want, decide, learn, need, refuse, agree, plan, expect, wish。口诀1：想要决定学习，需要同意计划，希望不要拒绝

5、。想要Would like, want）决定（decide）学习Qearn） 需要（need）同意（agree）计划（plan）希望（wish, expect, hope）拒绝（refuse）She wantsto goto university some day.He began to read and write after lunch.（当一个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to。）B 情况：常见的一些省略to的动词不定式的句式：Why not do., had better （not） do., would rather do., could/would/will you pl

6、ease （not） do.如：I would rather stay at home.:1. 邮局离这儿有点远，你最好坐车去。The post office is a bit far from here.take a bus.2. 为什么不早点儿把这个好消息告诉他呢？tell him the good news a little earlier?C 情况：在 find, think 后跟不定式作宾语时，常用 it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。We found itimpossible to cross the river.（本句中 it 是形式宾语，不定式短语to cross the ri

7、ver 是 真正的宾语。）注意：不定式常和疑问词what; which; when; where; how; who连用，相当于一个宾语从句的作用。如:The teacher is telling the students what to do.He didnt know which to choose.比较： what to do 与 how to do it1. We are going for a picnic tomorrow. Ill call Wendy to make sure.同学中考解决方案基础课程非谓语动词知识讲解Page 2 of 10.A. why to startB.

8、 when to startC. what to startD. which to start2. The young soldier really doesnt know to stop the baby from crying hard.A. what to doB. how to doC. when to doD. where to do 用作宾语补足语：不定式作宾语补足语时有两种情况：A情况：在大多数双宾及物动词后，要用带to的不定式，这类及物动词常用的有：allow, ask, beg, enable, encourage, expect, find, get, hate, help

9、, invite, like, order, prefer, tell, wait for, want, warn, wish, would like 等。中考常考点：ask/ tell sb. (not) to do sth. 口诀2：让想要希望，鼓励说服允许，三 二 二， 一 一 一口诀解释：三，二，一分别指代动词的数量。即：三让(tell, ask, get);二想要(would like/love, want);二 希望(wish, expect); 一鼓励(encourage); 允许(allow); 说服(persuade) 如： They asked himto singa po

10、p song at the party.She wants her brother to goto university. We are waiting for the doctorto come.The teacher asked Ben a difficult question in class. (2009 年北京中考)A. answerB. answeringC. to answerD. answeredWe are often told at people who are in trouble.A. not to smileB. to smileC. not to laughD. t

11、o laughThis is a really fantastic book. I would like it right now.(2013 年大兴二模)A. readingB. readC. to readD. readsB情况：在表示五官感觉、致使等意义的动词后，要用不带o的不定式，这类动词有：feel, hear, notice, see, watch; have, let, make等。help有时也可用不带to的不定式。口诀3：吾看三室两厅一感觉，半帮助打死也不吐。口诀解释：吾看(look at, see, watch, notice, observe )； 三室(let, mak

12、e, have)； 两厅(hear, listen to) 一感觉(feel)；半帮助打死也不吐(help) 注意：常考单词-let; see; hear; make如： They heard himsinga song in the meeting room.The boy saw two men enter the house.The young man made the old machine start working.The teachers helped the students (to) learn English well.本类动词在变成被动语态时，原句中作宾补的不定式前要加上

13、to,同时原来的宾补就变成了主语补足语。 如： Two men were seento enter the house.The old machine was madeto start working by the young man. 战士们已连续工作了18个小时，有必要让他们停下来休息。The soldiers have kept working for 18 hours, so .Tom often makes his little sister but yesterday he was made by his sister.A. cry; to cryB. to cry; cryC.

14、cry; cryD. to cry; to cry 用作状语：不定式用作状语时一定要带to,可以表示多种语义，如目的、结果、程度、原因等。A 情况：用作目的状语He came to borrow my dictionary.They went on foot,so as not to be heard. In order not to be heard, they went on foot.注意：so as to, in order to意思都是“以便，为的是”，它们都可以用在句中，但是在句首要用inorder to。 B 情况：用作结果状语。He hurried to the house,o

15、nly to find it empty.She left home, neverto return again.He was sofoolishas to leave his car unlocked.C 情况：用作程度状语。She is old enoughto travel all by herself.She is too young to swim across the big river.D 情况：用作原因状语。We jumped with joyto hear the news. I am very pleasedto meetyou.-My brothers ill in ho

16、spital.-Im sorry that.A hearB hearingC heardD to hear很多医护人员太忙了，顾不上吃饭。Many doctors and nurses are have their meals.-Linda, Im very thirsty.-Lets go to the nearest supermarket some drinks, OK?A buyB boughtC to buyD buying 用作定语：A 情况：不定式可以像形容词一样用来修饰名词，但是它必须后置。We must first find something for him to eat.

17、（本句中的for him为不定式to eat的逻辑主语。） The teacher will have something importantto tell us.B 情况：如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式之后加上适当的介词。 There is nothing to worry about.He is not a man to talk with.（本句末尾的介词with不可遗忘。）考点二：动名词1动名词的形式动名词的形式由“动词原形+ing构成，如：do f doing, study f studying, close f closing, stop f stopp

18、ingo 注意 + ing 的不同情况。2动名词的用法 动名词或动名词短语具有名词的功能，在句中可用作多种名词性成分。 用作主语：跟不定式一样，动名词作主语时常位于句末，而在其原来的位置用t作形式主语。谓语动 词一般用单数。Saying so much is useless.It is useless saying so much.Swimming in the sea is his favorite sport.It is his favorite sport swimming in the sea. 在大海里游泳是他最喜爱的运动。 用作表语：动名词用作表语表示主语是什么，而不是主语的性质或

19、特征如何。My greatest pleasure is traveling.One of his bad habits is biting nails. 他的一个坏习惯是咬手指甲。 宾语：A 情况：用作动词宾语：英语中常有一些动词后面跟动名词作宾语有： enjoy, finish, mind, miss, be worth, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem (in), spend, feel like, keep, stop, suggest, be used to等。口诀4：完成实践值得忙(finish, practice, be wort

20、h, be busy) 继续习惯别放弃( keep on, be used to, give up) 考虑建议不禁想(consider, suggest, cant help, feel like) 喜欢思念要介意( enjoy, miss, mind) 注意：初中常考单词 enjoy, mind, keep, finish, practice ,be busy doing, be worth doing 等B情况：用作介词宾语：与介词一起用作状语等，也可用在部分形容词后。常用的有be afraid of, be goodat, How about/What about.be interest

21、ed in, thank you fbr.instead of, have difficulty (in) doing, have no trouble (in) doing, prevent/stop.(from)doing, spend money/time in doing sth.含有介词的固定短语：make a contribution to. 或 make contributions to. 为. 做贡献devote to. 献身，致力于look forward to. 期盼，盼望prefer. to. 两者间更喜欢be used to doing sth .习惯，适应如： Aft

22、er finishing my work, I took a short rest.They drove into town without talking to each other.All the students are sure of passing the examination.很抱歉今天不能陪你去购物，明天怎么样？Im sorry I cant go shopping with you today. tomorrow?我确信什么也无法阻止李雷成为一名作家。Im sure a writer.-Its hot. Would you mind my the window?-. Do i

23、t as you like, please!A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not. C. closing; Of course D. open; Good idea 用作定语：动名词作定语时不带附加成分，通常前置，表示该名词所表示的事物的用途。如果用“or 动名词”，则应后置。如： a swimming pool = a pool for swimminga teaching building = a building for teaching 比较： the working conditions = the conditions for worki

24、ng 工作条件（动名词） the working people = the people who are working 劳动人民（现在分词）考点三：分词1分词的形式分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成(如：ask asking, study f studying, live living, stop stopping) 过去分词的构成有两种：规则的变化由“动词原形+ed ”构成(如：ask asked, live lived, study studied, stop stopped)(不规则动词变化部分需要学生特别记忆) 2分词的基本用法 用作定语： 现在分词作定

25、语表示所修饰的名词的特征，或修饰名词所做的动作。单个的现在分词作定语必须前 置；现在分词短语则后置。现在分词短语作定语，相当于一个定语从句，都可以变成一个相应的定语从句 现在分词作定语所修饰的名词有主谓关系。如： He is a promising young man. 他是个大有前途的年轻人。I have a friend living in London. (=I have a friend who lives in London.)a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping， the rising sun = the sun that is rising

26、He is a young man with pleasing manner.The room was full of people waiting for the headmaster.过去分词作定语多表示被动意义和完成意义。动作发生在谓语动词之前。其前置和特征与现在分词相 同。过去分词作定语所修饰的名词有被动关系或系表关系。如： He is a man loved by all.I hate to read letters written in pencil.We need more trained nurses.Things seen from behind seem a little

27、different. 从背后看到的东西显得稍有不同。 用作表语：分词用作表语时，已经完全形容词化了，可以被very, rather等副词修饰，而且可以有比较等级。A 情况：现在分词作表语，表示主语的特征或和连系动词连用构成进行时态。The book is interesting.The present situation is more encouraging than ever before.The girl is watering the trees.现在分词作表语一般可以译成“使、令的”B 情况：过去分词作表语，和连系动词一起表示主语的状态或表示被动语态（动词应是及物动词）。The gl

28、ass is broken.She is quite pleased.The glass was broken by Li Hua.请比较：This cup is broken. How about that one?这只杯子是破的，那只怎么样？（系表结构）The cup wasbroken by my brother. 杯子被我弟弟打破了。（被动语态）同类别词组： interesting-interestedexciting-excitedboringboredrelaxingrelaxed 用作宾语补足语：A 情况：现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行，动作是宾语发出的，主动的，多用于使

29、役动词或感官动词之后。如： see, watch, hear, feel, smell, notice, find; have, get, leave, keep如： We saw a light burning in the window.I cant get the clock going again.I saw him talking with the doctor.He kept the machine running for ten hours.口诀：吾看三室两厅一感觉，半帮助打死也不吐（let, make, help三个单词除外）易错点： have sb. do sth. = le

30、t sb. do sth.have sb. doing sth.=keep sb. doing sth.请比较： I saw the old man crossing the street. 我看见那个老人在过街。（表示动作正在进行）I saw the old man cross the street. 我看见那个老人过街的。（表示动作已发生过）1. I heard someonethe door and .A. open; come in B. to open; to come in C. open; come into D. to open; to come into2. - Is Jac

31、k in the library?- Maybe. I saw him out with some books just now.A. goingB. goC. to goD. wentB 情况：过去分词作宾补，多表示宾语的状态或被动意义。动作是宾语发不出来的，多用于使役动词、感官动词和1 ike, want, wish, order等表示“希望”“要求”等意义的动词后面。注意：“have+宾语+过去分词”这一结构的用法。如： I have to have my hair cut.You should make yourself understood by all.We have never

32、seen the mountain covered in snow. 我们从未见那座山被雪覆盖过。 用作状语：分词用作状语，具有多种语义。A 情况：现在分词作状语，多用来表示伴随、时间、原因、方式等。现在分词作状语它的逻辑主语是主 句的主语。如：She sat there reading a newspaper. （=. and read a newspaper.） 她坐在那里看报纸。（伴随状况状语）Hearing /When hearing a noise,they stopped talking. （= When they heard.） 听到喧闹声，他们便停止了谈话。（时间状语）B 情况

33、：过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语一样，可以表示伴随、时间、原因、方式等。过去分词作状 语必须注意它表示的动作是该句主语发不出来的或表示主语的状态，但其逻辑上的主语应是主句的主语。 如： When （water is ） heated, water changes into steam.Deeply moved, she couldnt say a word. （= As she was deeply moved.）她深受感动，一句话也说不出来。（原因状语） 注意： 现在分词与过去分词可采用图表法进行比较讲解:功能例句说明现在分词过去分词定语The girl standing in front

34、of the classroom is my roommate.Please give me your written exercises.作定语，其逻辑主语为其 所修饰的词。作定语，其逻辑宾语为其 所修饰的词。状语The teachers went out of the building, talking and laughing.Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful.分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。表语The situation is encouraging.The boy is too excited to utter a w

35、ord.表示主语的性质，特征表示某种状态补足语Yesterday Jim kept us waiting for a long timeI heard Lily singing in the classroom. Hell have his hair cut tomorrow.被补足的宾语或主语是 其逻辑主语，即主动关系被补足的宾语或主语是 其逻辑宾语，即被动关系考点四：非谓语动词难点汇总一、现在分词与动名词作宾语之比较，意思差别的动词如下： forget, remember, regret 等：在 forget, remember , regret 后，用动名词作宾语表示已做过的事情，用不定

36、 式表示要去做的事情。如: I remember posting the letter.（已经做过）Remember to postthe letter. （没有做）I will never forget seeing him for the first time.He forgot to do his homework. stop, go on 等：在 stop, go on 后，用动名词作宾语表示“（停止或继续）做同一件事” ，用不定式表示“（停 下来或接下去）做另一件事”。如：They stopped talking.They stopped to talk.The teacher as

37、ked us to go onreading.The teacher asked us to go onto read. need, want等：在need, want后，用动名词作宾语具有被动意义，和用被动态的不定式在意义上一样。 如： This room needscleaning / to be cleaned.The old watch wants repairing / to be repaired. allow, mean, tryallow doing sth. 允许做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 如： We dont allow smoking

38、here.We dont allow students to go out on school days. mean to do 打算， 想 mean doing 意味着如： I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.Doing that means wasting time. try to do sth. 努力去做某事 try doing sth. 试着去做某事如： Please try to do better next time.He tried speaking English to me.注意：try to do sth.:努

39、力做某事，不一定成功；manage to do sth.努力做某事，且成功了。二、现在分词与动名词做定语之比较 词性区分：现在分词为具有动词性的形容词动名词为具有动词性的名词 现在分词相当于一个含有现在进行时的定语从句的作用 动名词作定语表示被修饰语的功能，性质或类别，不可改成定语从句。如： a sleeping child= a child who is sleepinga sleeping bag= a bag for sleeping三、常用不定式或动名词的句型1. Its time to do sth. = Its time for sth. “是做的时候了” 如： Its time

40、to have supper. = Its time for supper. 该吃晚饭了。2. Lets do sth.3. It takes sb. some time ( money ) to do sth. “某人花费多少时间(金钱)做某事”如：It took me half an hour to do the problem.我花了半小时做这个题目。4. be +形容词+enough + to do sth. “足够做某事”如： The girl is old enough to go to school. 那小姑娘已够上学年龄。5. be + too +形容词 + to do sth

41、. “太不能做某事”如： The boy was too frightened to move. 那孩子太害怕，不敢动一动。6. be ready + to do sth. “乐意做某事” =be ready for sth.如： Lei Feng is always ready to help others. 雷锋总是乐于助人。7. Its + 形容词+(for/of sb. )+ to do sth.如: Its important for the twins to help each other.孪生子互相帮助是很重要的。8. be afraid to do sth. “不敢做某事” =

42、be afraid of doing sth. 如： He is afraid to tell his father about it. 他不敢告诉他父亲。9. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 表示“宁愿也不愿”如： I prefer to stay at home rather than go out. 我宁愿呆在家里也不愿出去。10. would like to do sth.与 would love to do sth.常用于 口语中，表示 “喜欢”如： Id like to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 I would

43、love to go. 我想去。11. had better +不带 to 的不定式表示“最好”Youd better put on your coat. Its very cold outside.你最好穿上大衣。外面很冷。Youd better not go.你最好不要去。12. Will/Could/Would you please+不带 to 的不定式，表示请求。Will you please ask her to come to the teachers office? 请你叫她到老师办公室去一下好吗？13. Why not do sth.?14. How about/ What a

44、bout.?四：易混点汇总1. 动词不定式的否定形式： not (to) do2. 疑问词+to do作宾语时，what to do与how to do it的区分3. have sb. do sth.与 have sb. doing sth.的区分4. 动词接动名词与不定式作宾语时的区分5. see/hear/watch/notice/observe +sb. +do/doing sth.的区分同学中考解决方案基础课程非谓语动词知识讲解Page 10 of 10.1.Would you please tell menext?Think it over. Youll find a good w

45、ay.A. when to doB. how to doC. what to doD. where to do2.His parents often encourage himhard.A. workB. workingC. to workD. works3.Why not ask Mr. Liuit?A. to buyB. not to butC. to checkD. not to checkJohn, my computer doesnt work.4.Ive no idea, but Ive decidedat home and have a good rest first.A. st

46、ayB. to stayC. stayedD. stayingWhats your plan for the summer holidays?5.A. why to startB. when to startC. what to startD. which to startWe are going for a picnic tomorrow. Ill call Wendy to make sure6.7.8.Im sorryA. hearthat.B. hearingCould you tell me if the plan includesA. the visitB. visitingLas

47、t week our geography teacher told usA. getB. gotC. heardthe Summer Palace?C. for us to visitD. to hearD. for our visitingmore information about how to protect the environment.C. to getD. gettingMy brothers ill in hospital.9.A. how to chooseB. where to chooseC. which one to choose10. Last week I met

48、my old friend Li Ming but I forgothim for his telephone number.A. askB. askingC. and askD. to ask11. My mother asks meTV before finishing my homework.A. not to watchB. not watchC. not watching12. The Shutes havent decidedto go there for a field trip this weekend.A. howB. whyC. whereD. what13. Tell h

49、imtomorrow, OK?A. comeB. to comeC. comesD. is coming14. The young soldier really doesnt know_ to stop the baby from crying hard.A. what to doB. how to doC. when to doD. were to doAll the hats look beautiful. I dont know15. How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up?It makes mevery proud.

50、A. feltB. to feelC. feelingD. feel二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Class, I want you (hand) in your study plans for this new term by Wednesday.2. The poor girl was made (leave) school by her fathers death.3. Its too cloudy and seemed (rain). The farmers had to hurry home.4. Before liberation, the peasants had no c

51、hance (have) education.5. He worked very hard in order to realize his dream of (become) a great chef.6. Lao Lishi was the first person in Zhanjiang (win) the Olympic golden medal7. -Have you decided where (take) your wedding holiday?-Not yet.8. Phelps almost devoted all his childhood to practise (sw

52、im).9. -Where are the children?-They are busy (pull) up weeds in the garden.10. My grandparents live in a small village (call) Xinpo.11. There are many students (play) sports in the playground now.12. We had a hard time (get) to the top of Mount Tai.13. Mike wasnt tall enough (reach) the clock on th

53、e wall.14. The wind-break forest can prevent the sandstorms from (destroy) our farmland.15. I had fun (play) chess with my grandfather in the park. yesterday.16. I think that(love) and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world.17. He thinks it a good habit(get) up early in the morning.18. S

54、he improved her spoken English by (take) part in the English corner often.19. After (do) the laundry, she went on (do) some gardening.20. Im sorry (trouble) you, but could you show me how (use) the micro-wave oven?21. Im hungry. I feel like (have) some dumplings in the restaurant.22. -Can I give you

55、 a ride to the market?-Id rather (go) there by bike. Thanks for (ask), anyway.23. Its very kind of you (help) me (download) the songs24. Would you like (join) us in (plant) trees on the hill this weekend?25. He is planning (go) to Shanghai (have) a meeting.26. (live) in the city is much more conveni

56、ent than (live) in the country.27. My grandpa enjoys (listen) to Beijing Opera with his eyes (close).28. Zhanjiang Nansan Island is a good place (go) (hike).29. We were surprised (hear) that Shenhua Football Team failed (win) the match.30. The students are asked (take) turns (clean) the classroom.同学中考解决方案基础课程非谓语动词知识讲解Page 12 of 10.