Think后的句子一定要否定转移吗

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1、动词think后的从句一定要否定前移吗？云南省昭通市威信县第二中学 杨天喜（657900）在人教版高中英语必修三（p18）有这么一个句子：I dont think its very funny.大家都知道，这是一个典型的否定前移的句子。在宾语从句中，若主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, guess, fancy, feel, imagine等表示心理活动的动词时，宾语从句不能用否定形式，若宾语从句是否定句式，则常将否定词not前移到主句谓语动词前面，从而形成“形式上否定主句，实际上否定宾语从句”的现象，这种语法现象叫做否定前移。但是必须注意的是：这种

2、特殊句型的主语一定是第一人称I或者we，若是第二三人称代词（不论单复数）做句子主语，便不能形成否定前移。如：I dont think he will come this afternoon. 我认为他今天下午不会来。What a pity! I dont believe I know you. 很遗憾，我并不认识你。I dont guess that they have got married. 我猜他们还没有结婚。I dont expect they have finished the work. 我料想他们还没有完成工作。I dont suppose he will return to h

3、is hometown after a few years of study abroad.我看他在国外学习几年后不会回家乡了。I dont feel you should go. 我觉得你不应该去。I didnt imagine that Tom would help her. 我猜想汤姆不会帮助她。任何语法规则都有例外，如果属于下列情况，则不进行否定前移：1主句中的谓语动词若与情态动词或者副词连用时，不否定前移。如：I cant believe that they are married. 我真不敢相信他们结婚了。We cant believe that he turns an hones

4、t penny. 我们不能相信他是用正当手段挣钱。I mustnt think hes an honest person. 我一定不会认为他是一个诚实的人。I didnt ever suppose that they were happy. 我并不认为他们是幸福的。We really think he is not fit for his office. 我们真的认为他不适合这项工作。I sometimes think she doesnt work hard. 我有事认为他学习不努力。I cant believe that they are married. 我不会相信他们结婚了。I thi

5、nk you ought not to walk at night alone, Mrs. Moore.摩尔夫人，我认为你晚上不应该独自一人出来。I sometimes think he is not an honest man.我有时认为她并不诚实。2当think用在疑问句中构成双重疑问句时，不用否定迁移。如：Why do you think I cant change your note? 你为什么认为我换不开你的钞票呢？Do you think he cant come here tomorrow? 你认为他明天不能来这儿吗？Why do you think I cant do it?

6、你为什么认为我不会做它呢?Do you think my father wont agree? 你认为我父亲不会同意吗?3当think前有强调词do/does/did表强调时，不用否定前移。如：I do think he is not married. 我一定认为他还没有结婚。We do think you should not stay up late. 我们的确认为你不应该熬夜那么晚的。I do think you shouldnt hurt her. 我的确认为你不该伤害她。4当I think, I believe等被看作插入语成分、和其他部分无关时不用否定前移。如：She, I thi

7、nk, was not telling the truth. 她，我认为，并没有说出事情的真相。Mary, I believe, is not a good student. 玛丽，我想，并不是一个好学生。I wish you were here, then, I think, I should not feel like this. 但愿你那时在这儿就好了，（可）我想，我不应该有这样想法。5. 宾语从句中若有固定短语，如cant help doing sth, not at all, not only but also , not just (only). but （also）， just

8、not. enough， cannot to, cannot but, not at all, notbut等时，不进行否定前移。如： I think everybody cant help laughing if they see it. 我认为，人们看到时会禁不住大笑。I think she is not only beautiful but also kind. 我认为，她不仅漂亮，而且善良。I think you cannot praise her too highly. 我热内你无论如何表扬她都不过分。I think he is not at all tired. 我想他一点也不累。

9、I guess there isnt enough food for our lunch. 我想我们午饭没有足够的吃的了。6. 宾语从句中若有just not enough, not quite, not much等以not中心的表达法连用时，不进行否定前移。如：I think shes not much like her mother. 我觉得，她不怎么像她的母亲。I think you dont quite know me. 我想你不大认识我。I think I have not enough money to buy a house of my own. 我想我们没有足够的钱来买属于我们

10、自己的房子。I think Im just not smart enough to make any sense of you. But I think that Elizabeth was not quite so certain of it as I.7. 动词think本身有其他词修饰或与其他动词一道构成并列谓语时，不进行否定前移。如：I think and hope that Im not disturbing you so much. 我认为，也希望，我不太打扰你。I think and hope that you should not take the side of him. 我

11、认为，也希望你不应该支持他。8. 动词 think以过去时、完成时等时态出现时，不进行否定前移。如：I was thinking that he wouldnt succeed. 我在想他不会成功。I thought you didnt marry her. 我原以为你不会与她结婚。I had thought he wouldnt come. 我愿意为他不会来呢。I have often thought one shouldnt only think of himself. 9. 当宾语从句中有no，never, hardly, seldom, little, few, nothing ,no

12、body, no one等否定词时, 不进行否定前移。如：I believe John never tells a lie.我相信约翰从不撒谎。I think Jim can hardly ride a bike.我认为吉姆几乎不会骑自行车。I thought it explained nothing.高考真题体验：1.（2008山东卷, 24） Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you.A. can manage B. could have managed C. could man

13、age D. can have managed2. Idont suppose anyone will volunteer,_?A. do I B. dont I C. will they D. wontthey3. I _ I_ you before. A. think; havent seen B. didnt think; have seen C. didnt think; didnt see D. thought; not see4. She _ that we _ anything. A. didnt imagine；would say B. dont imagine; say C.

14、 doesnt imagine; would say D. would imagine; would say （Keys: 1. B 2. C 3.B 4.C）think后的宾语从句否定不转移的八种情况think等动词在使用时的否定转移是英语中很特殊的语法现象。也就是，根据英语习惯用法，think后的宾语从句若是否定句，则需要将否定转至主句的think上。例如：将“我认为他不对。”习惯上译为：I dont think he is right. 而I think he is not right.往往被看成不符合英语语法的表达习惯，是错误的。但在下列情况下，think后面的宾语从句的否定不可进行否

15、定转移。一、think是如下的两种时态时，宾语从句的否定不可进行转移。1.think是完成时态或完成进行时态时。例如：I have been thinking we should not have anything to do with a person like him.我一直在想，我们不应当与像他那样的人有任何往来。2.think是一般过去时态或过去进行时态时。例如：I thought we should not do like that.我觉得我们不应该那样做。二、think之前有下列两类词修饰时，宾语从句的否定不发生转移。1. think之前有强调词do。例如：I do think i

16、t is not wise of him to do so.我确实认为他这么做是不明智的。2. think之前有副词修饰时。例如：I really think Lucy cant finish her homework within two hours.我真的认为露西两小时内不能完成家庭作业。三、think用于下列两种句式中时，宾语从句否定不转移。1.当think用于疑问句中时。例如：Do you think he will not come?你认为他不会来吗？Why do you think I cant be fit for the job?你为何认为我不适合那项工作？2.当think用作

17、插入语时。例如：A few students in our class, I think, are not interested in English. 我们班上有几个学生对英语不感兴趣，我想。四、think的宾语从句中含有下列两类词时，宾语从句的否定不转移。1.含有no, never, nothing, nobody等否定词时。例如：I think he has nothing to do with it.我认为他与那事无关。2.含有not at all, not a bit, not a little, not.enough, cant help doing等固定词组时。例如：I thin

18、k be is not happy at all.我认为他一点也不高兴。五、think充当下列两种情况的谓语时，宾语从句的否定不转移。1.当think和另一个动词构成并列谓语时，宾语从句的否定不转移。I think and hope you wont lose heart even if you f ail.我认为并希望，即使是失败了，你们也不会失去信心的。2.当think用作虚拟式谓语had thought, 表示“本来认为.时。例如：I had thought Li Lei hadnt passed the English exam. 我原以为李蕾英语没考及格(实际上他及格了)。六、对上文

19、的询问表示否定的看法时，not也可以直接置于think之后。例如：Is that Jack?那是杰克吗？I think not(=I dont think so).我想不是。否定何时不前移根据语法的惯例，think, suppose, believe, imagine, guess 等后的宾语从句如果是否定句，要把否定转移到主句的think等动词上，这叫做“否定前移”或“否定前置”。如：I think you can not go there by bus. (误)I dont think you can go there by bus.（正） 我认为你不能乘坐公共汽车去那儿。在冀教版九年级课

20、本第25课课文中，有这么一句话：“I thought you didnt have any money.”该句是一个宾语从句，从句中的否定没有转移到主句中。这是为什么呢？是不是还有其他情况下否定不前移呢？笔者经过翻阅若干本英语参考书及工具书，总结出以下情况下think 等词后的宾语从句的否定不能转移到主句think动词上。 think 是完成时态或完成进行时态时；如：I have been thinking that we should not take his advice. 我一直认为我们不应该听他的话。 think 是一般过去时或过去进行时态时；如：We thought that thi

21、s book was not worth reading. 我们认为这本书值得一读。 think 前有副词修饰的时候；如：I almost think you are not my sons teacher. 我差点认为你不是我儿子的老师。 think 前有do, did 等词强调时；如：I do think that she is not pretty at all. 我确实认为她不漂亮。 think 用于一般疑问句或特殊疑问句中；如：Do you think he will not join the Party? 你认为他不会入党吗？Why do think we cant beat yo

22、u? 你们怎么认为我们打不赢你们呢？ 当think后的宾语从句中含有no, never, nothing, nobody等否定词时；如：I think she may have nothing to do today. 我认为她今天没事干。 当 think 用作插入语时；如：Your sister, I think, is not a friendly gay. 我认为你妹妹不太友好。 当think后的宾语从句中含有not at all, not a little, not enough, cant help doing 等固定词组时；如：I think you cant help laugh

23、ing when you hear the joke. 我认为你听到这个笑话时会忍不住笑的。 当think和另一个动词构成并列谓语时；如：I think and hope you wont feel sad even if you lose the match. 我们认为也希望，即使您们输掉了比赛，你们也不会伤心的。 当think用作虚拟语气的谓语had thought, 表示“本来认为”时；如：I had thought that he hadnt come here.我本来认为他不来了呢。在什么情况下believe, imagine, guess, expect, suppose, thi

24、nk 等词后的宾语从句的否定不能前移到主句谓语动词后面?根据英语语法惯例，believe, imagine, guess, expect, suppose, think(浓缩为biggest方便记忆) 等后的宾语从句如果是否定句，要把否定转移到主句的think等动词上，这叫做“否定前移”或“否定前置”。如：I think you can not go there by bus. (误)I dont think you can go there by bus.（正） 我认为你不能乘坐公共汽车去那儿。但是有这么一句话：“I thought you didnt have any money.”该句属

25、于宾语从句，从句中的否定没有转移到主句中。这是为什么呢？是不是还有其他情况下否定不前移呢？笔者经过翻阅若干本英语语法参考书及工具书，总结出在以下情况下think 等动词后的宾语从句的否定不能转移到主句think动词上。 think 是完成时态或完成进行时态时；如：I have been thinking that we should not take his advice. 我一直认为我们不应该听他的劝告。 think 是一般过去时或过去进行时态时；如：We thought that this book was not worth reading. 我们认为这本书值得一读。 think 前有副

26、词修饰的时候；如：I almost think you are not my sons teacher. 我差点认为你不是我儿子的老师。 think 前有do, did 等词强调时；如：I do think that she is not pretty at all. 我确实认为她不漂亮。 think 用于一般疑问句或特殊疑问句中；如：Do you think he will not join the Party? 你认为他不会入党吗？Why do you think we cant beat you? 你们怎么认为我们打不赢你们呢？ 当think后的宾语从句中含有no, never, not

27、hing, nobody等否定词时；如：I think she may have nothing to do today. 我认为她今天没事干。 当 I think 用作插入语时；如：Your sister, I think, is not a friendly enough girl. 我认为你妹妹不太友好。 当think后的宾语从句中含有not at all, not a little, not cant help doing ,not until 等否定的固定词组时；如：I think you cant help laughing when you hear the joke. 我认为你

28、听到这个笑话时会忍不住笑的。 当think和另一个动词构成并列谓语时；如：I think and hope you wont feel sad even if you lose the match. 我们认为也希望，即使您们输掉了比赛，你们也不会伤心的。 当think用作虚拟语气的谓语had thought, 表示“本来认为”时；如：I had thought that he hadnt come here. 我本来认为他不来了呢。试做高考英语真题: 1. (2002上海春) Mrs. Black doesnt believe her son is able to design a digit

29、al camera, _? A. is he B. isnt he C. doesnt she D. does she 解析: 该题中主句主语是第三人称, 不符合否定前移的条件, 反意疑问句与主句主语和谓语保持一致, 所以应该选D.2. (2001上海春) I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, _?A. do I B. dont I C. will they D. wont they 解析: 该题属于典型的否定前移, 其反意疑问句应该与从句主语和谓语保持一致,所以选C. 课后思考: 在什么情况下think 等词后的宾语从句的否定不能转移到主句动词think

30、等的前面?英语的十种否定转移现象 否定的转移是指英语否定句在句中某一部分（常在谓语部分），但在语义上却是否定另一部分的现象。翻译这类句子时不要单纯依赖语法分析，而应从语义上分析，根据上下文理解句意。例：He doesnt teach because teaching is easy for him. 他之所以教书，并不是因为他觉得教书轻松。John didnt attend the meeting because he was ill.约翰没有出席会议, 因为他病了。以上句子是否采用“否定转移”以译文意思合乎逻辑为准则。一、在表示“看法”的谓语动词上的否定形式，语义上却是否定后面的宾语从句。此

31、类动词有： think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, anticipate, fancy, consider, find (感到), guess, be supposed to, calculate, figure, reckon。I dont believe Ive met you before. 我认为我没有见过你。I dont think you will be late. 我认为你不会迟到。I dont suppose he cares, does he? 我看他不在乎，对吧？He doesnt expect we need worry. 他认

32、为我们不必着急。I dont recon she is old enough to go to school. 我认为她还没到上学的年纪。注：上述表示“看法”或“判断”的动词出现以下情况时，其否定不发生转移： （1）用作插入语时：Li Lei, I think, wont be angry with you. 我想李蕾不会生你的气。 Tom, I suppose, wont be against it. 我猜想汤姆不会反对。 （2）这些动词跟其他另一个动词一起做并列谓语时： I believe and hope he wont do that. 我相信并且也希望他将不会那样做。（3）用于疑问句

33、时： Do you think it is not going to rain? 你认为天不会下雨吗？（4）主句中添加情态动词cant, mustnt, wouldnt时：You mustnt think hes stupid. 你不应该认为他愚蠢。I wouldnt have imagined that you would be here.我不曾想到你会在这儿。 I cant imagine how he could survive that car accident.我想象不出在那次车祸中他是怎样活命的。 （5）think , expect 作料想讲时：I didnt expect Id

34、meet you here. 我没料到会在这里碰上你。 We didnt think he is such a selfish man. 我们没料到他是这样一个自私的人。 （6）suppose , think 用于祈使句式或被副词修饰时：Dont suppose you have passed the exam, for this is only a part of the exam.别以为你通过了考试，这仅仅是考试的一部分。 I simply dont think you will give me a hand when Im in difficulty.我根本不指望你在我困难的时候能帮助我

35、。 I really dont think its necessary for us to go there now.我的确不认为我们有必要去那儿。 I feel strongly that he shouldnt do such a thing. 我强烈地认为他不应该做那样的事。 （7）上述动词所接的宾语从句中如有all , every , many , both 等表全体意义的词或副词时：I dont believe both of them are innocent. 我不相信他们两个都是清白的。 I never expect all the students will do the e

36、xercises after classes.我从不抱希望于所有学生都会在课外做作业。 We dont consider everybody in our class is interested in this topic.我们并不认为班里的每个人都对这个话题感兴趣。 （8）由于cannot help, ought not， need not，not at all 等短语的关系而把I think 隔离：I should have thought sometimes you couldnt help thinking of the past. 我应该想到你会禁不住想起过去。I think you

37、 ought not to walk at night alone, Mrs. Moore.I think you need not be impolite to her，as well as to her son.I think the angel are not at all in heaven. Mr.Esmond said.二、在表示“感觉”的谓语动词上d 否定形式，语义上却否定表语部分。 此类动词有：appear, seem, feel, sound, taste, smell, as if，feel , look ,sound, feel like, look like.The o

38、ld streets dont appear deserted. ( not deserted.) 老街看样子还没被废弃。 Im not feeling very well today. My head aches. ( not very well ) 我今天感到不怎么舒服，头痛。 The food doesnt taste fresh. (not fresh . ) 食物偿起来不鲜。 It doesnt seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorro

39、w. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。三、seem, prove, happen 与不定式构成复合谓语，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定不定式。The president didnt happen to attend that meeting. (happen not to attend )董事长碰巧没参加那次会议。 Your answer doesnt seem to be right. (seem not to be ) 你的答案看起来似乎不正确。 Jack doesnt seem to like you（Jack seems not to like you）杰克看来不喜欢你。The news di

40、dnt seem to be true. 这个消息好像并不是真的。四、pretend , remember 的宾语为非谓语动词时，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定宾语,即非谓语动词。My Italian friend didnt pretend to see her tutor in the dining room. (pretend not to see )我的意大利朋友在餐厅里假装没看见她导师。I couldnt remember having carried my wallet out. (否定having ) 我记得不曾带钱包出门。五、形式上否定谓语，语义上否定宾语补足语。I never k

41、new him to carry money because he never had any use of it.我知道他身上从不带钱，因为他从不需要钱。We do not consider melting or boiling to be chemical change. (not to be )我们认为熔化和沸腾不是化学反应。 Seeing a ball flying, we dont expect the ball to fly forever. (not to fly )看到球飞时，我们认为它不会永远飞下去。 I dont think math difficult. 我认为数学不难。

42、 I dont find the story interesting. 我认为这个故事没有趣。 I dont expect so. 我认为不会。 六、在“It is / was likely / probably + 从句”中，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定从句。It isnt likely that it will rain tomorrow. 看起来明天不会下雨。It isnt probable that he will come here today. 他今天也许不会来这里了。七、形式上否定谓语，语义上否定状语或状语从句。He was not ready to believe somethi

43、ng just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。Dont judge a man by his appearance. 不要以貌取人。Dont read in the sun. 不要在阳光下看书。Dont talk with your mouth full of food. 不要口里含着食物说话。The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。Lets not talk about it here. 我们别在这里谈吧。This gre

44、at victory has not been won easily.这个伟大的胜利赢来得并不容易。I didnt know his name until yesterday.（not . until）我直到昨天才知道他的名字。He didnt take the boy from the tracks to safety to win his own famebut to benefit the boys parents他把男孩从铁轨上抱到安全地带，不是为了获得个人的名誉，而是为了孩子的父母。注：含有not because (of) 的句子，情况较复杂，需根据逻辑、语境和常识进行判断是否需要作

45、否定转移，如需转移的话，往往是由否定谓语转为否定状语。例如：He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。 I dont teach because teaching is easy for me. 我教书并不是因为我觉得教书轻松。 The engine didnt stop because the fuel was used up. 发动机并不是因为油用完而停车的。 He didnt go to class because he

46、 was sick. 他没去上课，因为他生病了。 (这句话不需作否定转移)The manager didnt give a speech because he felt painful in his throat. 经理没发表讲话，因为他喉咙痛。 She didnt call you because she loved you. 这个句子可能出现两种理解： A. 她给你打电话并非因为她爱你。（发生了否定转移） B. 她没给你打电话是因为她爱你。（未发生否定转移） 到底哪种理解正确，我们无法从逻辑意义上进行辨别，这时我们只有借助语境即上下文来分析了。即这类句子是否采用“否定转移”以译文意思合乎逻

47、辑为准则。八、表示信念、看法、愿望的名词充当主语从句的表语时，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定主语从句。这类词有：hope, thought, view, opinion , wish, expectation, belief, plan 等。It is not our expectation that you will suffer a lot from that. (will not suffer )我们希望你不要为那事受太多苦。 It is not my opinion that you spend much time on computer games. (do not spend )我的看

48、法是你不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。 It is not their plan that their homework is done on Sunday. 他们计划星期天不做家庭作业。 九、含有全体意义的代词和副词作主语或宾语时，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定主语或宾语，表示部分否定。这类词有：all, both, every, everybody, everything, everywhere, always, altogether, entirely，wholly。All the people didnt know the truth. (Not all the people knew the

49、truth.)并非所有的人都知道事情的真相。 All that glitters is not gold. 发光的不总是金子。 Both the children are not clever. (Not both the children ) 两个孩子并不都聪明。 Everybody, it is true, wouldnt like it. ( Not everybody ) 的确不是人人都喜欢它。 I dont know all of them. (not all of them) 对于他们我不是个个都认识的。 I dont like both of them. (not both of

50、 them.) 这两本小说，我不是都喜欢。 注：当all 与can not 或 wont 构成否定句式时，其否定不再发生转移，而表示全部否定。All the foreigners can not pass the borders without visas. 所有外国人没有签证均不能过境。 All the treatment wont make any help for her disease. 所有的治疗对他的疾病都无用。 十、否定主句+肯定式方式从句 中，主句和从句意思正好相反。例：Whales are not fish, as many people think. 鲸不是鱼，而许多人却认为鲸是鱼。十一、主语是否定特征时，翻译应根据具体情况确定。否定可以转移，也可以不转移。例：Nobody who has ever seen good-quality color television can ever be completely happy with black and white again. 看过高质量彩色电视的人再也不可能对黑白电视感到满足了。10