非谓语动词现在分词过去分词

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1、2021/6/301非谓语动词分词2021/6/302使用原则:当两个动词之间没有连词时，需要将其中一个谓语动词变为非谓语动词。注意:连词可以分为 (1)并列连词(and,but,or)(2)从属连词(because,when,before,if等)(3)关系连词(定从，名从连接词)判断正误 I sat there felt frustrated.()x2021/6/303改错加上并列连词 She sat there but felt frustrated.2.加上从属连词 She sat there because she felt frustrated.3.加上关系连词 She Sat t

2、here,who felt frustrated.变为非谓语动词 She sat there,feeling very frustrated.2021/6/304现在分词形式时态时态/语态语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般时doingBeing done完成时Having doneHaving been done完成进行时Having been doing无过去分词形式:done否定形式:在非谓语动词前前加 not 2021/6/305分词意义doing:与所修饰词构成主动关系/时态上表示正在进行，状态being done:与所修饰词构成被动关系/时态上表示正在进行having done

3、:与所修饰词构成主动关系/时态上表示发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成；2021/6/306分词意义having been done:与所修饰词构成被动关系/时态上表示发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成having been doing:与所修饰词构成主动关系/时态上表示发生在谓语动词之前且未完；done:与所修饰词构成被动关系/时态上表示过去或者状态；2021/6/307定语定语：修饰名词或者代词；前置定语:当只有一个分词时，则用前置定语(放在所修饰词之前)；a developing country:发展中国家；a developed country:发达国家；注意:前置定语有时可以不考虑语态，只需考虑

4、时态；2021/6/308翻译下列短语:正在沸腾的水；开水；落叶1.正在下落的叶子；Boiling waterBoiled waterFalling leavesFallen leaves2021/6/309后置定语:当为分词短语时；e.g.Can you see the building being built?There are some boys playing on the ground.This is our library built in 1992.Do you know the road leading to the park._2021/6/3010注意：1).分词作定语时逻

5、辑主语常为最近一个名词；2).有时可以用逗号将主句与分词隔开，此时逻辑主语还可以是整个主句；He is from USA,surprising us all.He receives most gifts,envied by other kids.3).完成时或者完成进行时不能做定语；(不能直接用在名词之后)2021/6/3011表语作用:修饰主语，位于系动词之后；He is gone.The glass is broken.He was lost in thought.They were deeply moved.2021/6/3012注意：1).分词位于系动词之后；2).逻辑主语是主句主语；

6、3).ing 结尾的分词修饰物或者事情；-ed 结尾的分词修饰人；但是如果有voice,expression,mood,eyes,look 等词的时候也可以用-ed来修饰2021/6/3013状语状语：修饰动词，位于句首，句中，句末;用逗号将其与主句分开；Being ill,he didnt go to school.Having the done the work,I went back home.He sat there,lost in thought.Built in 1997,the library looks beautiful.2021/6/3014注意事项：位置:分词作状语时，位

7、于句首或者句末;逻辑主语:主句主语；省略句:由when,while,though,although,if,as if,even if,before,after,unless等引导的从句中；2021/6/3015a).如果主句主语与从句主语相同，并且从句谓语动词包括be时，则可以省去从句主语+be;When studying abroad,he studied hard.If invited to the party,I will go.b).如果从句主谓是 it be时，也可省去；I will go and see if(it is)necessary.If so,please call me

8、 right away.2021/6/30161).When _ from the top of the mountain,I found the mountain small.(see)2).When _ from the top of the mountain,the mountain seemed small.(see)3).When _ with the earth,the mountain seemed small.(compare)4).If _,we would succeed.(fight)seeingseencomparedfighting2021/6/3017 _ more

9、 attention,the tree could have grown better.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given.2.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century（定语）A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.writtenPractice 高考点击 2021/6/30183._ in thought,he almost ran int

10、o the car in front of him.（原因）A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose 4.The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.（条件）begins B.having beguC.beginning D.begun 2021/6/3019宾补作用:修饰宾语表示宾语的状态或者动作；1).介词+宾语+宾补 to do with+宾语 doing done主动被动主动被动/将来将来主动主动/正在正在被动被动/过去过去2021/6/30201

11、).With a lot of problems _,the president was having a hard time.(solve)2).With a lot of problems _,the president was having a good time.(solve)3).With the air plane _(take off),please fasten your seat belt.4).With everything he needed_(buy),he went out of the super market.to solvesolvedto take offbo

12、ught2021/6/30212).动词+宾语+宾补 a).使义动词 send sb doing sth have/keep sb doing sth get sth doing(vi)get/keep sth done get sb done make oneself done2021/6/3022 b).视听动词 see/watch/notice/hear/catch/find+宾语 doing:与宾语构成主动关系/正在进行；done:与宾语构成被动关系/完成(状态)；do：与宾语构成主动关系/整个过程 being done:与宾语构成被动关系/正在2021/6/30233).状态动词+宾

13、语+宾补；doing:主动/正在 to do:主动/将来 leave sb/sth done:被动/完成或状态 to be done:被动/将来 使某人或者某物处于状态中;2021/6/30241.A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending,but the reader must not be left_.(06天津卷)Aunsatisfied Bunsatisfying Cto be unsatisfying Dbeing unsatisfied2.His remarks left me _ about his

14、real purpose.A.wondered B.wonder C.to wonder D.wonderingAD2021/6/30253.John rushed out in a hurry,_ the door _.A.leaving,unlocked B.leaving,unlocking C.left,unlocked D.to leave,unlocking 4.Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth.A.running B.run C.being run D.to runAA2021/6/3026注意事项 1).逻辑主语

15、是宾语；2).试听动词的分词可以转化为主语补足语；I caught him cheating.He was caught cheating.2021/6/3027非谓语动词的解题步骤找连词 找从句中是否有连词，如果有连词则用谓语动词，否则用非谓语动词；2021/6/30281._many times,but he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.To be told C.He was told D.Though he was told分析：用连词分析：用连词but 引导并列句子，因此，前面引导并列句子，因此，前面也是个独立句子，

16、故选也是个独立句子，故选C。2021/6/30292._many times,he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.To be told C.He was told D.Though he was told分析：句中用逗号隔开，且无连词引导，因此，分析：句中用逗号隔开，且无连词引导，因此，前面不是句子结构，只是句子的一个成分，故前面不是句子结构，只是句子的一个成分，故选选A，用非谓语动词作状语。，用非谓语动词作状语。2021/6/30302.找逻辑主语 如果没有连词，则确定用非谓语动词，首先确定逻辑主语。1).如果非谓语动词没有

17、逗号隔开时,则逻辑主语常常为最接近一个名词；2).如果非谓语动词有逗号隔开时，则 a).非谓语动词放在句首,句中时，逻辑主语为主句主语；b).非谓语动词放在句末时；主句主语；逻辑主语 最接近一个名词 整个主句2021/6/3031三、分析语态三、分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。用时是主动还是被动关系。2021/6/30321._from space,the earth looks blue.2._from space,we can see the earth is b

18、lue.A.Seen B.Seeing C.To see D.See这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没有加这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没有加自己的逻辑主语自己的逻辑主语,因此其逻辑主语就是句因此其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。子的主语。分析：句分析：句1.“地球被看地球被看”，表被动，故，表被动，故选选A，用过去分词表被动。，用过去分词表被动。句句2.我们我们“主动看主动看”即表主动，故即表主动，故选选B。2021/6/3033四、分析时态，四、分析时态，在选定了主动或被在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。题，即时态。2021/6/30341.The

19、building _now will be a gym.2.The building _next year will be a gym.3.The building _last year is a gym.A.having been built B.to be built C.being built D.built分析：句分析：句1中中 now 说明大楼正在被修，故用进说明大楼正在被修，故用进行式，选行式，选C。句。句2中中next year 说明大楼将在明说明大楼将在明年被修，故用表将来的不定式，选年被修，故用表将来的不定式，选B。句。句3中中 last year 说明大楼已被修，但不能选说

20、明大楼已被修，但不能选A，因为，因为现在分词的完成式不能作定语，故用过去分词，现在分词的完成式不能作定语，故用过去分词，选选D。2021/6/3035 doing to do having done主动语态 having been doing to be doing to have done to have been doing正在进行正在进行/状态状态将来将来发生在谓语动词之前发生在谓语动词之前已经完成已经完成发生在谓语动词之前发生在谓语动词之前已经未完已经未完特定结构中特定结构中2021/6/3036 done being done被动动语态 having been done to be done to have been done过去动作过去动作/状态状态正在进行正在进行发生在谓语动词之前发生在谓语动词之前已经完成已经完成将来将来特定结构中特定结构中 若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！