Oracle 10g For Linux 管理

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1、Oracle 10gFor Linux 管理2022-12-172/78内容|Linux初步|用户管理|文件管理|实例进程|存储管理|内存管理|故障诊断2022-12-173/78Linux初步-不同的产品2022-12-174/78Linux初步-核#uname-r2.6.9-42.0.0.0.1.ELsmp基本核版本基本核版本-.处理器处理器smp:SMP 可达可达 16 GBhugemem:SMP 可达可达 64 GB 由整数隔开由整数隔开Source modifier2022-12-175/78普通Linux 命令2022-12-176/78普通Linux 命令2022-12-177/

2、78选择 Shell2022-12-178/78为Oracle选择Shell2022-12-179/78设置环境变量ORACLE_SID=orcl;export ORACLE_SIDsetenv ORACLE_SID orcl2022-12-1710/78用户管理|Linux初步|用户管理用户管理|文件管理|实例进程|存储管理|内存管理|故障诊断2022-12-1711/78Oracle软件在OS 的用户2022-12-1712/78Oracle用户与portlist.ini 文件$cd$ORACLE_HOME/install$cat portlist.iniiSQL*Plus HTTP po

3、rt number=5560Enterprise Manager Console HTTP Port(orcl)=1158Enterprise Manager Agent Port(orcl)=39382022-12-1713/78Oracle用户与URL 配置信息$cd$ORACLE_HOME/install$cat readme.txtThe following J2EE Applications have been deployed and are accessible at the URLs listed below.iSQL*Plus URL:http:/EDRSR9P1:5560/

4、isqlplusiSQL*Plus DBA URL:http:/EDRSR9P1:5560/isqlplus/dbaEnterprise Manager 10g Database Control URL:http:/EDRSR9P1:1158/emhttp:/EDRSR9P1:1158/emhttp:/EDRSR9P1:1158/em2022-12-1714/78spfileorcl.ora初始化参数文件|Linux初步|用户管理|文件管理|实例进程|存储管理|内存管理|故障诊断2022-12-1715/78初始化参数DB_CACHE_SIZESHARED_POOL_SIZELARGE_POO

5、L_SIZELOG_BUFFERCONTROL_FILESDB_BLOCK_SIZEPROCESSESUNDO_MANAGEMENT2022-12-1716/78查看初始化参数SQL show parameters dumpNAME TYPE VALUE-background_core_dump string partialbackground_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdumpcore_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/cdumpmax_dump_file_size stri

6、ng UNLIMITEDshadow_core_dump string partialuser_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udumpSQL show parameters查看所有参数查看某类参数2022-12-1717/78参数文件与Dump文件2022-12-1718/78查看 Alert Log2022-12-1719/78SQL SELECT NAME from V$DATAFILE;NAME-+DF/orcl/datafile/users.259.615341777/u01/oradata/orcl/hrapp01.dbf/

7、tmp/sales01.dbf/dev/sdl数据库文件位置ASM fileOS file systemRaw deviceData file at riskNote:V$TEMPFILE,V$LOGFILE,and V$CONTROLFILE are also available.2022-12-1720/78数据库相关文件2022-12-1721/78默认安装目录$echo$ORACLE_HOME/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1$echo$ORACLE_BASE/u01/app/oracle2022-12-1722/78各种文件$cat/etc/ora

8、Inst.locinventory_loc=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventoryinst_group=oinstall$.oraenvORACLE_SID=orcl?$dbhome/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_12022-12-1723/78默认许可2022-12-1724/78文件系统安全$ls-ltotal 3drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 17 13:02 backup-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle dba 87 Dec 22 2006 lab_01.sql-rwx-1 root

9、 root 24 Feb 15 2006 postinst.shd rwx rwx rwxOwnerGroupWorldDirectoryindicator2022-12-1725/78-rwx-1 root root 24 Feb 1 2006 postins.sh文件安全属性-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle dba 87 Dec 2 2006 lab_01.sqldrwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 17 13:02 backupOwnerGroup2022-12-1726/78SETUID 与 SETGID 位-r-sr-s-1 root oi

10、nstall 0 Jul 1 2005 oradismoradismxyz.conftbestSETUIDSETGID2022-12-1727/78比较文件与目录的差异$diff file1.txt file2.txt2c2 this is in file2 only$cd$ORACLE_BASE/product$diff r 10.1.0 10.2.0Only in 10.2.0/rdbms/admin:xdbs101.sql.比较两个文件比较两个文件:比较两个比较两个 Oracle home目录目录:2022-12-1728/78物理数据库限制2022-12-1729/78物理数据库限制2

11、022-12-1730/78物理数据库限制2022-12-1731/78物理数据库限制2022-12-1732/78管理物理文件提醒2022-12-1733/78实例进程|Linux初步|用户管理|文件管理|实例进程|存储管理|内存管理|故障诊断2022-12-1734/78列出 Oracle 进程$pgrep-lf pmon14127 asm_pmon_+ASM14174 ora_pmon_orcl$pgrep-lf oracleorcl25813 oracleorcl(LOCAL=NO)16319 oracleorcl(LOCAL=NO)17453 oracleorcl(DESCRIPTI

12、ON=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)2022-12-1735/78一个实例需要的进程$pgrep-u oracle-lf orcl14174 ora_pmon_orcl14180 ora_dbw0_orcl14182 ora_lgwr_orcl14184 ora_ckpt_orcl14186 ora_smon_orcl$pgrep-u oracle-lf tns1390 tnslsnr LISTENER-inherit2022-12-1736/78后台进程$ps-eo pid-o command|grep _orcl|grep ora_ 3900 ora_

13、pmon_orcl 3902 ora_psp0_orcl 3904 ora_mman_orcl 3906 ora_dbw0_orcl 3908 ora_lgwr_orcl 3910 ora_ckpt_orcl 3912 ora_smon_orcl 3948 ora_q001_orcl14072 ora_o000_orcl21647 ora_j000_orcl.2022-12-1737/78后台进程SQL select spid,program from v$process 2 where program like%(DBW0)or 3 program like%(LGWR);SPID PROG

14、RAM-3908 oracleEDRSR9P1(LGWR)3906 oracleEDRSR9P1(DBW0)$ps-eo pid-o command|grep _orcl|grep-e lgwr-e dbw0 3906 ora_dbw0_orcl 3908 ora_lgwr_orcl2022-12-1738/78服务器进程$sqlplus hr/hrSQL$sqlplus hr/hrorclSQL$ps kpid-eo pid-o args|grep oracleorcl 4422 oracleorcl(LOCAL=NO)5112 oracleorcl(DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=Y

15、ES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)5120 oracleorcl(LOCAL=NO)24673 oracleorcl(LOCAL=NO)24675 oracleorcl(LOCAL=NO)24677 oracleorcl(LOCAL=NO)25270 oracleorcl(LOCAL=NO)25293 oracleorcl(LOCAL=NO)2022-12-1739/78Oracle 存储选件DatabaseTablespaceData fileRaw devicesASM fileOS file|Linux初步|用户管理|文件管理|实例进程|存储管理存储管理|内存管理|故障

16、诊断2022-12-1740/78Linux I/O模块Buffer cacheDisk fileWriteFlushProcess2022-12-1741/78支持的 I/O 模式2022-12-1742/78修改 I/O 子系统大小Backgroundprocess Disk controllers2022-12-1743/78调整文件布局2022-12-1744/78Oracle 数据文件分区大小(建议2GB)(建议1GB)(建议20GB)(建议10GB)2022-12-1745/78Oracle 数据文件分布调整2022-12-1746/78内存管理|Linux初步|用户管理|文件管理

17、|实例进程|存储管理|内存管理内存管理|故障诊断2022-12-1747/78UNIX核心参数含义2022-12-1748/78Linux内核参数 2022-12-1749/78Linux内核参数-信号量 2022-12-1750/782022-12-1751/78Linux内核参数 2022-12-1752/78Linux内核参数 2022-12-1753/78Linux内核参数 2022-12-1754/78LINUX核心参数修改-方法12022-12-1755/78LINUX核心参数修改-方法12022-12-1756/78LINUX核心参数修改-方法22022-12-1757/78se

18、t shmsys:shminfo_shmmax=4294967295set shmsys:shminfo_shmmin=1set shmsys:shminfo_shmmni=100set shmsys:shminfo_shmseg=10set semsys:seminfo_semmni=100set semsys:seminfo_semmsl=500set semsys:seminfo_semmns=500set semsys:seminfo_semopm=1000set semsys:seminfo_semvmx=32767DB_CACHE_SIZELARGE_POOL_SIZESHARED

19、_POOL_SIZEOPEN_CURSORSPROCESSES|UNIX使用信号量实现控制资源的分配来实现互斥和同步|内核参数有些事与信号量有关，有些则是与 共享内存(shared memory)大部分有关Linux内核参数与Oracle2022-12-1758/78核心参数与ORA-错误2022-12-1759/78核心参数与ORA-错误2022-12-1760/78核心参数修改建议2022-12-1761/78故障监控与诊断|Linux初步|用户管理|文件管理|实例进程|存储管理|内存管理|故障诊断故障诊断2022-12-1762/78Linux 监控命令2022-12-1763/78Li

20、nux监控命令-toptop-11:46:50 up 5 days,12:38,1 user,load average:0.24,0.14,0.13Tasks:166 total,1 running,165 sleeping,0 stopped,0 zombieCpu0:1.0%us,1.7%sy,0.0%ni,95.7%id,1.7%wa,0.0%hi,0.0%siCpu1:2.0%us,1.7%sy,0.0%ni,96.3%id,0.0%wa,0.0%hi,0.0%siMem:2053592k total,2017852k used,35740k free,213340k buffersS

21、wap:8388600k total,73208k used,8315392k free,1189184k cachedPID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S%CPU%MEM TIME+COMMAND3354 root 15 0 21224 8660 1588 S 0.3 0.4 3:45.92 hald3483 root 16 0 6560 1272 948 S 0.3 0.1 11:38.76/bin/sh/etc/init.d12136 root 16 0 6280 1060 756 R 0.3 0.1 0:00.05 top c1 root 16 0 4752 59

22、6 496 S 0.0 0.0 0:05.08 init 52 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:25.29 migration/03 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.51 ksoftirqd/04 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:22.97 migration/15 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.11 ksoftirqd/16 root 5-10 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 events/07 root 5-10 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01

23、events/18 root 8-10 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper9 root 15-10 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpid45 root 5-10 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/046 root 5-10 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/147 root 15 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 khubd59 root 15 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:06.93 pdflush 2022-12-1764/78Linux监控命令-sa

24、r2022-12-1765/78Linux监控命令-sar sarLinux 2.6.9-34.ELlargesmp()10/15/200612:00:01 AM CPU%user%nice%system%iowait%idle12:10:01 AM all 2.93 0.00 2.40 1.01 93.6612:20:01 AM all 2.80 0.00 2.34 1.08 93.7912:30:01 AM all 2.81 0.00 2.38 1.12 93.6912:40:01 AM all 2.85 0.00 2.41 1.03 93.7112:50:01 AM all 2.84 0

25、.00 2.40 1.05 93.7201:00:01 AM all 2.93 0.00 2.39 1.04 93.6401:10:01 AM all 2.82 0.00 2.37 1.13 93.682022-12-1766/78Linux监控命令-sarsar n DEVLinux 2.6.9-34.ELlargesmp()10/15/200612:00:01 AM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxbyt/s txbyt/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s12:10:01 AM lo 6.42 6.42 1256.12 1256.12 0.00 0.00

26、0.0012:10:01 AM eth0 0.93 0.85 120.51 133.71 0.00 0.00 0.0012:10:01 AM eth1 17.72 15.08 12128.13 8669.81 0.00 0.00 0.0012:10:01 AM sit0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0012:20:01 AM lo 6.24 6.24 1199.23 1199.23 0.00 0.00 0.0012:20:01 AM eth0 1.16 1.28 147.09 767.49 0.00 0.00 0.0012:20:01 AM eth1 7.9

27、5 6.45 3584.42 2146.04 0.00 0.00 0.0012:20:01 AM sit0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.002022-12-1767/78Linux监控命令-freerootpg04#free-lmtotal used free shared buffers cachedMem:1519 1183 335 0 3 699Low:879 545 334High:639 638 1-/+buffers/cache:480 1038Swap:1023 76 9472022-12-1768/78Linux监控命令-freerootpt

28、c1#free-lmtotal used free shared buffers cachedMem:2005 1971 34 0 208 1161Low:2005 1971 34High:0 0 0-/+buffers/cache:601 1404Swap:8191 71 81202022-12-1769/78Linux监控命令-iostat2022-12-1770/78Linux监控命令-iostatavg-cpu:%user%nice%sys%iowait%idle1.45 0.00 1.70 0.70 96.15Device:rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s w

29、sec/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm%utilsda 0.00 7.80 0.00 9.80 0.00 140.80 0.00 70.40 14.37 0.02 1.97 0.04 0.04sdb 0.00 0.00 3.00 1.80 36.00 17.00 18.00 8.50 11.04 0.02 3.56 3.25 1.56sdc 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.80 0.00 38.40

30、0.00 19.20 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00dm-2 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.90 0.00 79.20 0.00 39.60 8.00 0.02 2.41 0.04 0.04dm-3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00dm-4 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.20 0.00 17.60 0.00 8.80 8.00 0.00

31、0.82 0.09 0.02dm-5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.70 0.00 5.60 0.00 2.80 8.00 0.00 2.57 0.43 0.03dm-6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.002022-12-1771/78Linux监控命令-vmstat2022-12-1772/78监视OS 性能命令-ps#ps efUID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMDOracle 1231 1 0 06:32:08 -3:16 oracle tst(LOCAL=NO)

32、Oracle 1234 1 0 26:32:08 -3:56 oracle tst(LOCAL=NO)其中：UID 拥有进程的用户IDPID 对于任务的进程IDPPID 父进程，如果为1，则该进程由root建立TIME 目前进程占的CPU时间CMD 正在执行的命令2022-12-1773/78监视OS 性能命令-ps#ps ef|sort+7|tail USER PID%CPU%MEM SZ RSS TTY STAT STIME TIME COMMANDRoot 516 88.8 0.0 16 4 -A Nov 21 kprocOracle 41616 4.4 1.1 从显示可看出，root使

33、用的CPU最高，达到88.8%。2022-12-1774/78监视OS 性能命令-ps#ps -ef|grep$ORACLE_SID|grep v grep|grep v ora_|wc l2022-12-1775/78监视OS 性能命令-kill可用kill 命令来终止某个进程的运行。如：#ps a#kill-9 xx例子终止所有与Oracle有关的进程：1）终止所有的ORACLE_SID关联的进程：#ps ef|grep$ORACLE_SIDgrep v grep|awk print$2|xargs i kill-9 2)用ipcs pmb 确定被占的内存；再ipcs-m释放：#ipcs

34、pmb.m 24064 0 x4cb0be18 rw-r-oracle dba .#ipcs m 240642022-12-1776/78附录1：Linux系统日志/var/log/messages/var/log/syslog/var/log/debug/var/log/boot.log/var/log/dmesg/var/log/proftpd.log/var/log/maillog/var/log/warn/var/log/httpd/./var/log/samba/.2022-12-1777/78附录2：Linux基本命令 rm-rf/*cd cp mv rm ls find grep cat less/more man info mount umount mkdir rmdir ps pushd popd which2022-12-1778/78附录2：Linux高级命令 ifconfig netstat route ping host/nslookup traceroute su sudo gzip/bzip2 last chmod chown dmesg du df locate top sed head tail silo/zipl wget export file insmod modprobe lsmod rmmod telinit