英语阅读理解技巧(事实细节题).ppt

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1、 英语阅读理解技巧 (事实细节题 ) Strategies for Questions of Details in Reading Comprehension Instructional objectives : 1.Know about the requirements of reading comprehension in the NEMT 2. Learn different question types. 3. Learn the strategies(策略 ) of details in reading comprehension and thus summarize them. 4

2、. Tell the right answers from distracters(干扰项 ) Emotional Goals: Enforce your solution ability by practicing more Requirements of reading comprehension in the NEMT高考大纲之阅读 考察考生阅读理解不同文体语篇的能力，如书、 报、杂志、网络中关于一般性话题的文字材料以 及公告、说明、广告等（生词量不超过 3），并 能从中获取相关信息。考生应能： 、理解主旨和要义； 、获取具体信息； 、根据语境猜测词义； 、根据语境推理判断； 、理解作者

3、的意图、观点或态度； 、把握文章的逻辑和结构 。 重庆高考 细节题 近 5年概况： 2009年 6题 12分 2010年 8题 16分 2011年 6题 12分 2012年 6题 12分 2013年 7题 14分 12-16 scores 33% 细节题类 型 1 wh细节题 2 是非题 3 排序题 4 图表题 5 计算题 6 其它题 Question types： Question type 1: Wh-细节题 即以 _、 _、 _、 _、 _、 _、 _等疑问词开头提 问短文具体内容。 what who when where how why 1.概念 which Step 2 Wh细节题常

4、见的考题形式有： How/When/Why did something happen? Which of the following should people do it? Where should somebody do something? -According to the text/From the text, why/when / where/how/what/who.? . 1）先读题。找准问题中的 关键词 ，利用信息 定位，运用 略读和查读 的技巧快速在文章中寻 找相关出处。 2） 对比 所找信息中所找 词汇 ，进行变通，即 有可能用成近义词，反义词，正话反说等。 3 解题方法

5、和步骤： 1) Not long ago, my wife, PJ, and I tried a new dietnot to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change. Q: Why did the author and his wife try a new diet? A. To take special kinds of food B. To respond to climate change. C. To lose weight D. To improve their hea

6、lth 近 义 词 because, due to.to do 4 Practice 就近原则：不推比推的好，推得近的比推得远的好 2) (2013湖北 E篇 )Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was

7、related to a greater risk of disability. Q: How do people of higher income see their future? A. They will earn less money. B. They will become pessimistic. C. They will suffer mental illness. D. They will have less time to enjoy life. 词性变化 high/low income 就近原则：不推比推的好，推得近的比推得远的好 3) (2012全国 卷 C篇 )Last

8、 night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg， distance of about eighty miles. It was late. Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left, and I became increasingly impatient. Q: Why did the author get impatient while driving? A. He was

9、lonely on the road. B. He was slowed down by a truck. C. He got tired of driving too long. D. He came across too many traffic lights. 语言简化 /归纳总结 patient, patience. 1）先读题。找准问题中的 关键词 ，利用信息 定位，运用 略读和查读 的技巧快速在文章中寻 找相关住处。 2） 对比 所找信息中所找 词汇 ，进行变通，即 有可能用成近义词，反义词，正话反说等。 4 请运用刚才的技巧分组练习 正确选项的特点与概括 : (事实细节题的考点

10、) _把原文中的一些词换成 近义词 ,反义词等。 _ 把原文中的一些 词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的 语态，给考生制造障碍 。 _把原文中的复杂 语言现象进行简化，长话短说，成为正确 答案。 替换关键词 词性或者语态的变化 语言简化 /总结归纳 1)、（ 2013辽宁 A篇） Yet since my arrival in Beijing last year, Ive found the opposite is true. There are millions of cars. However, people still use their bicycles to get around.

11、For many, its the easiest and cheapest way to travel today. Bicycles also come in different colors-silver, green, red, blue, yellow, whatever you want. Q: According to the author, why are bicycles still popular in China today? A. Because they are traditional and safe. B. Because they are convenient

12、and inexpensive. C. Because they are colorful and available. D. Because they are fast and environment friendly. 近义词 2)(重庆 2013年高考 C篇 )The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It is over 5,100 years old. Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didnt become popular for

13、a while, though. This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around. 64. What might explain why transport wheels didnt become popular for some time? A. Few knew how to use transport wheels. B. Humans carried farming tools just as well. C. Animals were

14、a good means of transport. D. The existence of transport wheels was not known. 语言简化 /归纳总结 3） (2012山东 A篇 )Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized that they had a terri

15、ble problem their phosphate磷酸盐 was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen. 59. Which

16、of the following was a cause of Naurus financial problem? A. Its leaders misused the money B. It spent too much repairing the island C. Its phosphate(磷酸盐 ) mining cost much money D. It lost millions of dollars in the civil war. 语言简化 economy,money,cost,expenses 4) (2011全国 ) Software Trainer If you ar

17、e aged 24-45 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing. You will be allowed to make you own decisions, and to design courses as well as present them. Pay upwards of 15,000

18、 pounds for the right person. Please apply by sending you CV(简历 ) to Mrs. R. Lglivie, Palmlace Limited. Q:What kind of person would probably apply to Palmlace Limited? A. One with GCSE grade C level. B. One with some office experience. C. One having good computer knowledge. D. One trained in produci

19、ng music programme. 无中生有 无中生有 正误并存 1 常见的设问方式：三对一错或三错一对 1） Which of the following is true/false/mentioned? 2) All of the following statements may be true/false except _. 3) Which of the following is not the result of.? 4) Which of the following is not mentioned in the text? Step 是非题 _。即把选项内容和原文 内容进行对

20、比分析，判断是否符合相关 句的意义或在原文中提到过，然后进行 排队解答。 项。 2 解题方法： 原文定位法 Enlisted（征募） in the army in 1997, Liu was an experienced pilot with 1,680 hours of flying experience and the deputy head of a flight unit of the PLAs Air Force before being enlisted into Chinas second group of prospective astronauts in May 2010.

21、She is now an air force major. 3 Practice Q: Which of the following is TRUE about Liu Yang from the passage? A. Liu once was head of a flight unit of the PLAs Air Force. B. Liu has become an air force major in 1997. C. She was enlisted into Chinas second group of prospective astronauts in 2010. D. A

22、fter three years of training Liu was selected as a candidate. 删减细节 /缩小范围 正误并存 now _明显不是文章的信息，与文中事实 相反或不符 4 干扰项的特点 正误并存 扩大 (缩小 )范围 偷换概念 以偏概全 无中生有 _信息部分正确，部分错误 _是原文信息，但故意增加或减少细节 _符合常识，但不是文章的内容 _与原句的内容极为相似，但在程 度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动 _是原文信息，但不是题干要求的内容 答非所问 1） (2010年广东 C篇 )Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmfu

23、l things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms. 5 分组练习 Q: Which of the fo

24、llowing statements is NOT true? A. Food when poisoned can make people sick. B. Food poisoning means death. C. Food poisoning comes in varieties. D. Food poisoning can be serious. 以偏概全 Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. 有时命题者故弄玄虚，在选项 中加些夸大其词的说法，把“大约” 说成“绝对，肯定” (要留意选项 中诸

25、如 all, absolutely, only, never, completely, definitely等 词 )，把抽象说成具体，或者把人 名、地名、时间等 张冠李戴 ，误串 起来，从而构成形是实非的干扰项。 注意“陷阱”： 2) (2013河南质检 )It is easy to find organic mulch(覆盖 ) materials. Cut-up leaves and small pieces of tree bark can be used. Grass cuttings are also a good mulch for plants. Mulch from news

26、papers works well in controlling weeds. 4. The following can be used as organic materials to make mulch EXCEPT _. A. Tree barks B. cut-up leaves C. grass cuttings D. plastic 3 (2013山西高三质检 )Traditionally, people have drunk bottled water to health reasons. The practice of taking the waters originated

27、with the Roans, who believed that a person developed a healthy mind by building a healthy body. Across Europe, drinking or bathing in mineral water has been associated with power to cure various diseases. Q: Which of the following statements is TRUE? A Bottled water was once drunk both by the rich a

28、nd the poor. B. Bottled water sales have risen, for its cheaper than tap water. C. Europeans believed in the power of treatment of mineral water. D. Americans have had the habit of drinking bottled water for long. 词性转化 无中生有 Across Europe, drinking or bathing in mineral water has been associated with

29、 power to cure various diseases. 4) (2012合肥质检 )The new technology has produced various options for students. College Booksellers, which operates 636 campus bookstores nationwide, is now marketing its new software application, which allows students to read e-textbooks on PCs. The company introduced t

30、he free application last summer in the hope of attracting more students to buy its electronic textbooks. Now the biggest barrier is getting them to try it. said the companys vice president. Q: Which of the following is NOT true according to this paragraph? A. College Booksellers operates more than 6

31、00 bookstores in campus. B. The free application was introduced to increase sales of elctronic textbooks. C. Campus students now fancy a try of the free software application. D. The companys management still has to do more to sell the e-textbooks. want Now the biggest barrier is getting them to try

32、it summary Wh-细节题解题方法 1 找题干中的关键词，用略读和查读方法锁定出处。 2 对比词汇，仔细分析题干和原文的共同点和差异。 是非题解题方法：原文定位法 正确选项 特征 替换关键词 词性变化 语言简化 /总结归纳 错 误选项 特征 1 正误并存 2 扩大 /缩小范围 3 无中生有 4 以偏概全 5 偷换概念 6 答非所问 做阅读理解细节题，除了掌握技巧以 外，最主要是要有足够的词汇量，辅以 语法知识，认真分析，仔细思考，才能 得高分。不然，只是舍本逐末。 Practice makes perfect! May you succeed in your studies! 事实细节

33、题解题技巧 1.若针对特殊标点符号 ,举例子 ,名人名言出题 ,只 需要阅读符号，例子 ,名言前后的内容，然后与选 项核对。 2.在出现一些关键词，如 however、 but、 moreover、 therefore、 thus时，要特别注意句 子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。 3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换 项 summary 4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如： must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no, completely, none,等。但不是绝对，也有 例外。 5.注意选项中的副词

34、，形容词和介词短语等与原文是 否一致。如： must, may, often, should, usually, might, most, more or less, likely, all, never， few 等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。 6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容 一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提 及 . 解题办法：首尾定位法 +排除法 即：先找出最先发生的事和最后发生的事， 通过排除法迅速缩小范围，从而快速选 出正确答案。 Question type 1: 排序题 B篇 Can dogs and cats live in perfect

35、 harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less th

36、an 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two- thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog. However, it wasnt all sweetness and light. There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog

37、 in 25% of the homes, while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission. In homes with c

38、ats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour. They are learning how to talk each others language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk Dog, and dogs can learn how to talk Cat. Whats interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intel

39、ligence. They can learn how to read each others body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected. Once familiar with each others presence and body language, cats and dogs can play together, greet each other nose to nose, and enjoy sleeping together on the so

40、fa. They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom (梳理 ) each other. The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets to people who dont get along, including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even world superpowers. If cats and dogs can learn to get along, sur

41、ely people have a good chance. 32. Some cats and dogs may fight when _. A. they are cold to each other B. they look away from each other C. they misunderstood each others signals D. they are introduced at an early age 33. What is found surprising about cats and dogs? A. They eat and sleep each other

42、. B. They observe each others behaviors. C. They learn to speak each others language. D. They know something from each others voices. 34. It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs _ A. have common interests B. are less different than was thought C. have a common body language D. are less int

43、elligent than was expected _ 2011A26 In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee,

44、or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy. 第一段 细节归纳 _ _ _ it makes them happy 2011A27 From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They dont get to see this sof

45、t side of others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending were brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness thats in them. 第二段 _ _ 转折处常考 因果关系处常考 2011A29 Sometimes situations call for us to act str

46、ong and brave even when we dont feel that way. But those are few and far between. More often, it would be better if we dont pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared. 第六段 _ _ _ _ 2011A28 When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to other drivers, I hav

47、e a problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can. And everyone understood. Several times, I saw drivers who wanted to pass. They couldnt get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in som

48、e way weak. 第五段 _ _ _ _ 转折处常考 _ The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It is over 5,100 years old. Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didnt become popular for a while, though. This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and

49、humans around. 64. What might explain why transport wheels didnt become popular for some time? A. Few knew how to use transport wheels. B. Humans carried farming tools just as well. C. Animals were a good means of transport. D. The existence of transport wheels was not known. 【 解析 】 根据文章第二段最后一句话 Thi

50、s could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around 可知运输轮子很长时间没有流行 的一个原因可能是动物充当了很好的交通工具。 In 1988, Tanni went to her first Paralympic Games in Seoul. She won bronze in the 400 metres. Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelona. Paralympics. Tanni w

51、on gold in the 100, 200, 400 and 800 metres relay, setting two world records in the process. 时间 57. When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold medal? A. In 1984. B. In 1988. C. In 1992. D. In 2007 事实细节题考查的六大信息 事实细节题干常用 when, where, who, why, what 和 how 等提问或要求用此类信息补全 句子，考查对应的六大信息内容，即 _ 、 _、 _、 _、 _和 _

52、。 时间 地点 人物 原因 事件 方式 summary 1.According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_? 2.Which of the following statements is correct/true?（ 三误一正 ） 3.Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?（ 三正一误 ） 4 The author ( or the passage) states that_. 5 . 常见设题方式： 题干设计 常常避开 原文中

53、所用的词汇，而 用 其同义词 、 近义词 或 反义词 设题。 设题特点： 解题技巧与策略 第一步：略读题干 (Skimming) 首先，快速浏览每道试题的 题干 (即问题 )。 第二步：通读全文 (Scanning) 浏览了题干与选项之后，要 带着“问题” 通读全 文 。 第三步：研读攻关 (Close-reading) 注意对信息进行 综合分析 ， 分清主次、真伪 ， 避免受信息的干扰，陷入高考题所设下的 “陷 阱” ，学会“ 排除 ”干扰项。 (New York) A French tourist highly praised for rescuing a two-year-old gir

54、l in Manhattan said he didnt think twice before diving into the freezing East River. Tuesdays Daily News said 29-year-old Julien Duret from France is the man who left the spot quickly after the rescue last Sunday. He lifted the little girl out of water after she fell off the bank at the South Street

55、 Seaport museum. He handed the girl to her father, David Anderson, who had dived in after him. Reading material 1 Q: Who dived after Duret into the river to save the little girl? A. David Anderson B. A passer-by C. His girlfriend D. A taxi driver 题干是问谁在 Duret之后跳进河里救人， 可以 以 dive为线索找到原文的 He handed the

56、 girl to her father， David Anderson， who had dived in after him， 故可知答案是 David Anderson。 1 wh-细节题 语篇解读：本篇文章为说明文。说明 了什么是食物中毒以及它常见的症状， 导致食物中毒的原因，如何正确处理食 物以减少中毒的可能，最后说明了食物 中毒并不可怕，只要休息几天或多喝开 水即可痊愈。 Reading material 2 2010年广东卷 C篇 Reading material 2 Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A perso

57、n who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms. 第一段 _ _ Q Which of the following statement

58、s is NOT true? A. Food when poisoned can make people sick. B. Food poisoning means death. C. Food poisoning comes in varieties. D. Food poisoning can be serious. Passage2 2010年广东高考阅读 C篇 以偏概全 三正一误 2 是非题 Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. Reading material 3 The human bod

59、y is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. Th

60、e number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows CALORIES NEEDED PER DAY Baby 750 Office worker 2,700 Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700 Man over 70 2,100 Boy aged 16 3,000 Woman 3,600 Farmer 2,600 练习题 Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of w

61、ater from 35 to 90 . A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275 Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above? A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker re

62、quires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does. 文章 【 解析 】答案为 D 。 根据文章细节内容，计算公式为： (90-35) 5 1=275 3 计算题 根据文章图表，依次验证 A、 B、 C、 D 四个答案的内容是否正确。 很容易找出 C 符合图表内容。 4 图表题 Back in the fifteenth century, in a tiny village near Nuremberg, lived a family with eighteen children In spite of the hopeless condition, two of the children, Albrecht Durer and Albert, had a dream They both wanted to pursue their talent for art After many long discussi