非谓语动词过去分词简化版副本

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1、 1.覆水难收。覆水难收。2.一朝遭蛇咬，十年怕井一朝遭蛇咬，十年怕井绳。绳。3.那些苦日子已经一去不那些苦日子已经一去不返了。返了。Its no use crying overthe spilt milk.Once bitten,twice shy.Those painful days are gone.The past participleV+ed过去分词过去分词 Grammar 句法功能句法功能作定语作定语作表语作表语作宾语补足语作宾语补足语作状语作状语非谓语动词非谓语动词-过去分词过去分词(done)过去分词的基本特征：表过去分词的基本特征：表示被动、示被动、完成或状态。完成或状态。s

2、poken English (英语口语英语口语)；iced beer(冰冻啤酒冰冻啤酒)；一、动词一、动词-ed形式作形式作定语定语 boiled water(开水开水);fallen leaves(落叶落叶);the risen sun(升起的太阳升起的太阳)及物动词表示及物动词表示“被动被动”不及物动词表示不及物动词表示“完成完成”boiling water=water that is boilingboiled water=water that has boiledfalling leavesfallen leaves The excited people rushed into bui

3、lding.激动的人们冲进大楼。激动的人们冲进大楼。(=the people who were excited)1.前置定语前置定语 单个的动词单个的动词-ed形式形式,一般放在被修饰的一般放在被修饰的名词的前面名词的前面,作前置定语。作前置定语。2.后置定语后置定语(2)过去分词短语作定语时，过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修通常放在被修饰的名词之后饰的名词之后.The novel _(write)by Han Han is popular.Some of the people _(invite)to the party cant come.(1)少数单个动词的少数单个动词的-ed形式形式,

4、如如left等等,只能作只能作后置定语后置定语;不定代词用后置定语修饰。不定代词用后置定语修饰。1.Everything used should be marked 所有用过的东西应该做好标记。所有用过的东西应该做好标记。which was who were written invited直击高考直击高考1)Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 2)The first text books for teach

5、ing English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written 过去分词作表语时，一般置于过去分词作表语时，一般置于be,get,become,look,feel等系动词后面，等系动词后面，没没有有“完成完成”或或“被动被动”之意，而是之意，而是表示主语的表示主语的状态、特点或思想感情状态、特点或思想感情等。此时的过去分词相当于一个等。此时的过去分词相当于一个形形容词容词。get started/dressed/ch

6、anged/hurt二、二、过去分词作表语过去分词作表语amused(愉快的愉快的)；broken(碎了的碎了的)；closed(关闭的关闭的)；astonished(吃惊的吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的拥挤的)；experienced(有经验的有经验的);delighted(高兴的高兴的)；lost(丢失的丢失的)；gone(遗失的遗失的)；disappointed(失望的失望的)；worried(担忧的担忧的)；interested(感兴趣的感兴趣的)tired(疲劳的疲劳的)pleased(高兴的高兴的)；satisfied(满意的满意的)；surprised(吃惊的吃惊的);marr

7、ied(已婚的已婚的)；known(著名的著名的)等等等等 常见的作表语的过去分词有常见的作表语的过去分词有:1.He looked _（worry)after reading the letter2.When we heard of it,we were deeply _(move)3.He seemed quite _(delight)at the ideaworriedmoveddelighted1)Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay2)As we jo

8、ined the big crowd I got _ from my friends.A.separated B.spared C.lost D.missed直击高考直击高考动词的动词的-ed形式可以在形式可以在“主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语”句型中充当句型中充当宾语补足语宾语补足语。在这一结构中。在这一结构中,动动词词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被被动关系动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补原来的宾语补足语变成了足语变成了_。三、动词三、动词-ed形式作形式作宾语补足语宾语补足语 主语补足语主语补足

9、语 1.I must get my bike repaired 我必须请人修理自行车。我必须请人修理自行车。(宾语补足语宾语补足语)2.The girl was found beaten black and blue 人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(主语补足语主语补足语)用用-eded分词结构作宾语补足语的词有四类：分词结构作宾语补足语的词有四类：1.1.表示感觉和心理状态的动词表示感觉和心理状态的动词see/hear/watch/notice/obsee/hear/watch/notice/observe/find/feel serve/find/fee

10、l 等。等。2.2.使役动词：使役动词：makemake/have/get/let/keep/leavhave/get/let/keep/leave e等等He was trying to make himself He was trying to make himself _他正努力使别人听懂自己。他正努力使别人听懂自己。When he arrived,he found all the work _.(finish)finishedunderstoodThey considered the matter _他们认为这问题解决了。他们认为这问题解决了。settled3.3.表示表示“认为认为”

11、“”“想要想要”“”“宣布宣布”“”“命令命令”等：等：think/consider;would like think/consider;would like/want/wish;expect,order./want/wish;expect,order.（4）With 复合结构的一种复合结构的一种With+n.+done 表示被动或动作已完成表示被动或动作已完成with+n.+to do 表示动作还没有做或即将要做表示动作还没有做或即将要做with+n.+doing 表示主动或动作正在进行表示主动或动作正在进行tiedThe thief was brought in with his hand

12、s _(tie)behind his back.1)-Good morning.Can I help you?-Id like to have this package _,madam.A.be weighed B.to be weighed C.to weigh D.weighed直击高考直击高考2.The meeting was over with the problem_.A.settle B.settling C.settled D to settle3.With a lot of work_,he cant go out to play.A.do B done C to do D d

13、oingC C 4.The murderer was brought 4.The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind in,with his hands _ behind his back.his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tiedD5.The traffic problem we are 5.The traffic problem we are looking forward to seeing _ looking forward to seeing _ shoul

14、d have attracted the local should have attracted the local government s attention.government s attention.A.solving B.solved solving B.solved C.To solve D.solveC.To solve D.solveB6.If you want _ immediately,6.If you want _ immediately,you have to give us some money you have to give us some money in a

15、dvance.in advance.A.that the work be done A.that the work be done B.the work done B.the work done C.to have done the job C.to have done the job D.the job that is done D.the job that is doneB1.常见常见的过的过去分词（短去分词（短语）作状语语）作状语，表，表状态状态。:lost(迷路迷路);seated(坐坐);absorbed in(全神贯注于全神贯注于);dressed in(穿着穿着);tired o

16、f(厌烦厌烦)等。如：等。如：_ in deep thought,he didnt hear the sound.因为沉浸在思考之中因为沉浸在思考之中,所以他没听到那个所以他没听到那个声音。声音。四四 过去分词作过去分词作状语状语Absorbed2.2.v-edv-ed 结构作状语可表示结构作状语可表示时间时间、原因原因、条件条件、让步让步、伴随伴随状况等意状况等意义，这种义，这种-eded的分词结构通常相当于的分词结构通常相当于一个状语从句一个状语从句,有时候也可以改成有时候也可以改成省省略结构。略结构。从山顶上看从山顶上看,这个城市就像一个大花园。这个城市就像一个大花园。_,the cit

17、y looked like a big garden.When seen from the top of the hill,the city looked like a big garden.When the city is seen from the top of the hill,it looked like a big garden.1.表地点表地点 Seen from the top of the hill2.表原因。表原因。遇上大雨，他全身都湿透了。遇上大雨，他全身都湿透了。_,he was all wet.=Because caught in a heavy rain,he was

18、 all wet.=Because he was caught in a heavy rain,he was all wet.Caught in a heavy rain 3.表条件表条件 再给一次机会，他将做得更好。再给一次机会，他将做得更好。_,he will do better.=If Given another chance,he will do better.=If he is given another chance,he will do better.Given another chance 4.表让步表让步：尽管被许多人嘲笑尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究。他还是继续他的研

19、究。_,he continued his study.(Though/Although)Laughed at by many people5.表方式或伴随情况。表方式或伴随情况。我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。工作问题。_,my father and I were talking about my job.Seated/Sitting at the table特别提醒特别提醒 过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。如：和句子的主语相一致。如：When askedWhen asked why he c

20、ame here,why he came here,the the boyboy kept silent.kept silent.当那个男孩被问到为何当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时，他沉默不语。来这里时，他沉默不语。如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，必须使用过去分词的独立主格结构。必须使用过去分词的独立主格结构。独立主格结构非谓语动词，非谓语动词，主语主语+谓语谓语 名词名词/代词代词+动作的逻辑主语动作的逻辑主语 1 1）由于母亲生病了，他必须呆在家里。）由于母亲生病了，他必须呆在家里。His mother _ ill,he had to stay

21、 at home.2)2)如果时间允许的话，我们将召开一个会议。如果时间允许的话，我们将召开一个会议。Time _ ,we will hold a meeting.3)His mistakes _(point out),he immediately corrected it.beingpermittingpointed out1._ more attention,the tree could have grown better.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given.A 直击高考直击高考2._ in thought,he almost ran int

22、o the car in front of him.A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose 3.The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begunC D 第一步：辨别第一步：辨别“谓与非谓谓与非谓”第二步：找非谓语的逻辑主语第二步：找非谓语的逻辑主语第三步：判断关第三步：判断关系系非谓语的非谓语的“有法可依有法可依”第一步：分析句子结构第一步：分析句子结构,辨别辨别“谓与非谓

23、与非谓谓”1._many times,but he still couldnt understand it.2._many times,he still cant understand it.A.Having been told B.Told C.He had been told D.Though he had been toldC_A第二步：找非谓语的逻辑主语第二步：找非谓语的逻辑主语一、作定语时，一、作定语时，被修饰的词被修饰的词是逻辑主语是逻辑主语 二、作状语时，二、作状语时，句子的主语句子的主语是逻辑主语是逻辑主语 三、作宾语补足语时，三、作宾语补足语时，宾语宾语是逻辑主语是逻辑主语1

24、.All books _(borrow)1.All books _(borrow)from the from the librarylibrary should be returned by Friday.should be returned by Friday.2.Deeply2.Deeply _(move)_(move)by the movie,by the movie,the the girlsgirls began to cry.began to cry.3.We must 3.We must getget our homework our homework _ _(finish)(f

25、inish)on on time.time.第三步：判断关系第三步：判断关系在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语是主动在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。还是被动关系。borrowedborrowedmovedmovedfinishedfinished1.The building _ now will be a restaurant.2.The building _ next year will be a restaurant.3.The building _ last year is a restaurant.A.having been built B t

26、o be built C.being built D.built _C_B_D注意：有时要根据上下文的语境确定时间注意：有时要根据上下文的语境确定时间-Li Ming is said _ abroad.Do you know what country-Yes,In London.A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studyinghe studied in?（）he will study in?（）he studies in?（）ABC注意注意：找固定搭配：找固定搭配当非谓语动词充当宾语时，我们可以先看当非谓

27、语动词充当宾语时，我们可以先看谓语动词有无固定搭配。谓语动词有无固定搭配。They seem _(finish)their work.to have finished (一）一）.考查过去分词作定语的用法考查过去分词作定语的用法 1（2011福建卷）Tsinghua University,_in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A.found B.founding C.founded D.to be founded2（2011湖南卷）The players _ from the whole country are ex

28、pected to bring us honor in this summer game.AselectingBto selected Cselected Dhaving selectedCC1（2011陕西卷）Claire had luggage _ an hour before her plane left.A.checkB.checking C.to check D.checked2.（2011浙江卷）Even the best writers find themselves _for words.A.lose B.lost C.to lose D.having lost 3（2011重

29、庆卷）Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams.A.remindingB.to remind C.reminded D.remind1（2011天津卷._ into English,the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A.Translating B.Translated C.To translate D.Having translated2（2011四川卷）_an imp

30、ortant role in a new movie,Andy has a chance to become famous.A.OfferB.Offering C.Offered D.To offer3（2011全国II）The island,_ to the mainland by a bridge,is easy to go to.A.joining B.to join C.joined D.having joinedSummary 句法功能句法功能作定语作定语作表语作表语1.1.动词动词eded 的的作宾语补足语作宾语补足语作状语作状语2.2.非谓语的解题方法非谓语的解题方法3.3.比较比较v-ingv-ing 与与v-edv-ed 4.4.直击高考直击高考独立主格独立主格