高考英语阅读理解说明文5篇

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1、高考英语说明文5篇1Hereisanastonishingandsignificantfact:Mentalworkalonecantmakeustire.Itsoundsabsurd.Butayearsago,scientiststriedtofindouthowlongthehumanbraincouldlaborwithoutreachingastageoffatigue（疲劳）.Totheamazementofthesescientists,theydiscoveredthatbloodpassingthroughthebrain,whenitisactive,showsnofatig

2、ueatall!Ifwetookadropofbloodfromadaylaborer,wewouldfinditfulloffatiguetoxiiiK素）andfatigueproducts.ButifwetookbloodfromthebrainofanAlbertEinstein,itwouldshownofatiguetoxinsattheendoftheday.Sofarasthebrainisconcerned,itcanworkaswellandswiftlyattheendofeightoreventwelvehoursofeffortasatthebeginning.The

3、brainistotallytireless.Sowhatmakesustired?Somescientistsdeclarethatmostofourfatiguecomesfromourmentalandemotional（情绪的）attitudes.OneofEnglandsmostoutstandingscientists,J.A.Hadfield,says,“Thegreaterpartofthefatiguefromwhichwesufferisofmentalorigin.Infact,fatigueofpurelyphysicaloriginisrare.”Dr.Brill,a

4、famousAmericanscientist,goesevenfurther.Hedeclares,“Onehundredpercentofthefatigueofsittingworkeringoodhealthisduetoemotionalproblems.”Whatkindsofemotionsmakesittingworkerstired?Joy?Satisfaction?No!Afeelingofbeingbored,anger,anxiety,tenseness,worry,afeelingofnotbeingappreciated-thosearetheemotionstha

5、ttiresittingworkers.Hardworkbyitselfseldomcausesfatigue.Wegettiredbecauseouremotionsproducenervousnessinthebody.1. Whatsurprisedthescientistsafewyearsago?A.Fatiguetoxinscouldhardlybefoundinalaborersblood.B.AlbertEinsteindidntfeelwornafteradayswork.C. Thebraincouldworkformanyhourswithoutfatigue.D. Am

6、entalworkersbloodwasfilledwithfatiguetoxins.2. Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcanmakesittingworkerstired?A. Challengingmentalwork.B.Unpleasantemotions.C.Endlesstasks.D.Physicallabor3. Whatstheauthorsattitudetowardsthescientistsidea?A. Heagreeswiththem.B.Hedoubtsthem.C.Hearguesagainstthem.D.

7、Hehesitatestoacceptthem.4. Wecaninferfromthepassagethatinordertostayenergetic,sittingworkersneedtoA. havesomegoodfood.B.enjoytheirworkC.exerciseregularlyD.discoverfatiguetoxins2Theybabyisjustonedayoldandhasnotyetlefthospital.Sheisquietbutalert（警觉）.Twentycentimetersfromherfaceresearchershaveplacedawh

8、itecardwithtwoblackspotsonit.Shestaresatitcarefully.Aresearcherremovesthecardandreplacesitbyanother,thistimewiththespotsdifferentlyspaced.Asthecardschangefromonetotheother,hergaze（凝视）startstoloseitsfocusuntilathird,withthreeblackspots,ispresented.Hergazereturns:shelooksatitfortwiceaslongasshedidatth

9、epreviouscard.Canshetellthatthenumbertwoisdifferentfromthree,just24hoursaftercomingintotheworld?Ordonewbornssimplyprefermoretofewer?Thesameexperiment,butwiththreespotsshownbeforetwo,showsthesamereturnofinterestwhenthenumberofspotschanges.Perhapsitisjustthenewness?Whenslightlyolderbabieswereshowncard

10、swithpicturesofobjects（acomb,akey,anorangeandsoon）,changingthenumberofobjectshadaneffectseparatefromchangingtheobjectsthemselves.Coulditbethepatternthattwothingsmake,asopposedtothree?Noagain.Babiespaidmoreattentiontosquaresmovingrandomlyonascreenwhentheirnumberchangedfromtwotothree,orthreetotwo.Thee

11、ffectevencrossesbetweensenses.Babieswhowererepeatedlyshowntwospotsbecamemoreexcitedwhentheythenheardthreedrumbeatsthanwhentheyheardjusttwo;likewise（同样地）whentheresearchersstartedwithdrumbeatsandmovedtospots.5. TheexperimentdescribedinParagraph1isrelatedtothebabys_.A. senseofhearingB.senseofsightC.sen

12、seoftouchD.senseofsmell6. Babiesaresensitivetothechangein.A. thesizeofcardsB.thecolourofpicturesC.theshapeofpatternsD.thenumberofobjects7. Whydidtheresearcherstestthebabieswithdrumbeats?A.Toreducethedifficultyoftheexperiment.B.Toseehowbabiesrecognizesounds.C.Tocarrytheirexperimentfurther.D.Tokeepthe

13、babiesinterest.8. Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Sciencefiction.B.Childrensliterature.C.Anadvertisement.D.Asciencereport3Lastnightsmeteor（流星）showerleftmanypeopleinthecommunitydissatisfiedanddemandinganswers.AccordingtoGabeRothsclild,EmeraldValleysmayor,peoplegatheredinthesuburbsofthecity,carryi

14、ngheavytelescopes,expectingtowatchthebrightlyburningmeteorspassingthroughthesky.Whattheyfoundinsteadwasaskysobrightenedbythecityslightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead.“Myfamilywassofrustrated,”admittedtownresidentDuaneCosby,“Wewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyouting,butitturned

15、outtobeahugedisappointments.”Astronomers-scientistswhostudystarsandplanetshavebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthepast.Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstit.Thereisyetapopulat

16、ionbesidesprofessionalandamateurstarobserversthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.Thispopulationconsistsofbirds,batsfrogs,snakes,etc.Forexample,outdoorlightingseverelyaffectsmigrating（迁徙的）birds.AccordingtotheInternationalDark-SkyAssociation.“100millionbirdsayearthroughoutNorthAmericadieincrasheswit

17、hlightedbuildingsandtowers.”Countlessmoreanimalscasualties（伤亡）resultfromtheuseofartificiallighting.Clearly,peopleenjoythebenefitsoflightingtheirevenings,butsomescientiststhinkitcanbeharmfulforhumans,too.Theyworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreasepersonschancesofgettingcancer.EmeraldValleyis

18、onlyonecommunitythatisbecomingawareofthenegativeeffectsoflightpollution.Foryears,Flagstaff,Arizona,hasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassistastronomersattheLowellObservatory.Similareffortshavebeenmadeworldwide,andamovementisunderwaytoremindustoturnofflightswhenwearenotusingthem,sothatot

19、hercreaturescansharethenight.9.IthappenedlastnightthatA. thecityslightsaffectedthemeteorwatchingB. themeteorsflewpastbeforebeingnoticedC. thecitylightshowattractedmanypeopleD. themeteorwatchingendedupasocialouting10. Whatdotheastronomerscomplainabout?A. MeteorshowersoccurlessoftenthanbeforeB. Theiro

20、bservationequipmentisinpoorrepairC. LightpollutionhasremainedunsolvedforyearsD. Theireyesightisfailingduetoartificiallighting11. WhattheauthorconcernedaboutaccordingtoParagraph4?A. BirdsmaytakeothermigrationpathsB. AnimalslivinghabitsmaychangesuddenlyC. VarietiesofanimalswillbecomesharplyreducedD. A

21、nimalssurvivalisthreatenedbyoutdoorlighting12. LightingregulationsinFlagstaff,ArizonaareputintoeffecttoA. LessenthechanceofgettingcancerB. createanidealobservationconditionC. ensurecitizensagoodsleepatnightD. enableallcreaturestoliveinharmony13. Whatmessagedoestheauthormostwanttogiveus?A. Savingwild

22、lifeissavingourselvesB. GreateffortsshouldbemadetosaveenergyC. HumanactivitiesshouldbeenvironmentallyfriendlyD. Newequipmentshouldbeintroducedforspacestudy4Almosteverymachinewithmovingpartshaswheels,yetnooneknowsexactlywhenthefirstwheelwasinventedorwhatitwasusedfor.Wedoknow，however，thattheyexistedov

23、er5,500yearsagoinancientAsia.Theoldestknowntransportwheelwasdiscoveredin2002inSlovenia.Itisover5，100yearsold.Evidencesuggeststhatwheelsfortransportdidntbecomepopularfor.while,though.Thiscouldbebecauseanimalsdidaperfectlygoodjobofcarryingfarmingtoolsandhumansaround.Butitcouldalsobebecauseofadifficult

24、situation.Whilewheelsneedtorollonsmoothsurfaces,roadswithsmoothsurfaceswerentgoingtobeconstructeduntiltherewasplentyofdemandforthem.Eventually,roadsurfacesdidbecomesmoother,butthisdifficultsituationappearedagainafewcenturieslater.Therehadbeennoimportantchangesinwheelandvehicledesignbeforethearrivalo

25、fmodernroaddesign.Inthemid-1700s,aFrenchmancameupwithanewdesignofroad-abaselayer（层）oflargestonescoveredwithathinlayerofsmalleratones.AScotsmanimprovedonthisdesigninthe1820sandastrong,lastingroadsurfacebecameareality.Ataroundthesametime,metalhubs（thecentralpartofawheel）cameintobeing,followedbytheWhee

26、lswereinventedin1967,sixtyyearsaftertheappearanceoftarmackedroads（泊油路）.Aswheeldesigntookoff,vehiclesgotfasterandfaster.14. Whatmightexplainwhytransportwheelsdidntbecomepopularforsometime?A. Fewknewhowtousetransportwheels.B. Humanscarriedfarmingtoolsjustaswell.C. Animalswereagoodmeansoftransport.D. T

27、heexistenceoftransportwheelswasnotknown.15. Whatdoweknowaboutroaddesignfromthepassage?A. Itwaseasierthanwheeldesign.B. Itimprovedafterbigchangesinvehicledesign.C. Itwaspromotedbyfast-movingvehicles.D. Itprovidedconditionsforwheeldesigntodevelop.16. Howisthelastparagraphmainlydeveloped?A. Bygivingexa

28、mples.B. Bymakingcomparisons.C. Byfollowingtimeorder.D. Bymakingclassifications.17. Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A. Thebeginningofroaddeaign.B. Thedevelopmentoftransportwheels.C. Thehistoryofpublictransport.D. Theinventionoffast-movingvehicles.5Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingth

29、ethingswefear.Childrenknowthisverywell.FredEpstein,inhisbookIMakeIttoFive,tellsastoryheheardfromoneofhisfriendsaboutTom,afour-year-oldboywithacancerinhisbackbone.Hecamethroughseveraloperationsandalotofpainbymasteringhisimagination.Tomlovedtopretend,andheparticularlylovedtoplaysuperheroes.Dr.Epsteine

30、xplainedthatitwasactuallyabrilliantwayforhisyoungmindtohandletheterrifyingandpainfullifeheled.Thedaybeforehisthirdtriptotheoperatingroom,Tomwasterriblyafraid.“MaybeIcouldgoasSuperman,”hewhisperedtohismom.Hearingthis,themotherhesitatedforwhile.Shehasavoidedbuyingtheexpensivecostume（戏装）,butfinallyshea

31、greed.ThenextdayTomappearedasthepowerfulSuperman,showingoffthroughthehospitalhallsandcoollywavinghishandtothepeoplegreetinghimalongtheway.AndTom,withthestrengthofhisfantasy,successfullymadeitthroughtheoperation.Thepowerofimaginationneednotbereservedforchildrenonly.Weallhavethepowertouseourfantasiest

32、oattemptthingsweneverthoughtpossible,togothroughthosethingsthatseemimpossible,andtoachievewhatweneverbelievedwecould.JustasDr.Epsteinputsit,“Ifyoucandreamit,youcandoit.”Itdoesntmeanthatyoushoulddressasasuperheroforyournextjobinterview.But,nexttimeyouaretestedinawaythatseemsimpossible,imaginewhatitwo

33、uldtaketoovercomeit.Becomethepersonyouneedtobecometowinoveryourchallengeanddoitinyourmindfirst.So,letyourimaginationrunwild,anddaretodream.18. WhatdoweknowaboutTom?A.Hewasseriouslyill.B.Hewasadishonestboy.C.Hewascrazyaboutmagic.D.HewasDr.Epsteinspatient.19. WhatcanbeinferredaboutTomsmother?A.Shewasa

34、richlady.B.SherefusedTomsrequest.C.ShewantedTomtobeasuperhero.D.ShewantedtogetTomthroughthepain.20. WhenTomwentforthethirdoperation,he.A.pretendedtobepainfulB.actedlikeasuperheroC.appearedinpoorspiritsD.arguedwithhismother21. Inthelastparagraph,youareadvised.A.togothroughsomedifficulttestsB.towakeupfromyourwilddreamsC.tobecomeapowerfulpersoninyourmindD.towearexpensiveclothesforjobinterviews22. Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Totellusaninterestingstory.B.Tohelpusmakerightdecisions.C.Toadviseustocareaboutchildren.D.Toencourageustouseourimagination.