【BS英国标准word原稿】BS EN 1398- Dock levellers — Safety requirements

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1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 1398:2021Dock levellers SafetyrequirementsICS 53.080NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBS EN 1398:2021National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1398:2021. It supersedes BS EN 1398:1998 which is withdrawn.The UK part

2、icipation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee MHE/12, Lifting platforms.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible

3、for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April2021 BSI 2021ISBN 978 0 580 54576 4Amendments/corrigenda issued since publica

4、tionDate CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 1398March 2021ICS 53.080Supersedes EN 1398:1997English VersionDock levellers - Safety requirementsRampes ajustables - Prescriptions de scuritLadebrcken - SicherheitsanforderungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 Febru

5、ary 2021.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obta

6、ined on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Managem

7、ent Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway

8、, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C OM I T EUR OP EN DE NOR M AL I S ATI ON EUR OP I S C HES KOM I TEE F R NOR M UNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2021 CENAll rights of exploita

9、tion in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1398:2021: EContentsPageForeword.4Introduction .51Scope .62Normative references .73Terms and definitions .84List of significant hazards . 105Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 125.1Calculations an

10、d dimensions . 125.2General safety requirements and protective measures. 165.3Additional requirements for manually operated dock levellers. 195.4Additional requirements for power-operated dock levellers . 206Verification of the safety requirements and/or the protective measures . 247Information for

11、use . 257.1General. 257.2Marking . 257.3Instructions for use . 257.4Instructions for maintenance and inspection . 26Annex A (informative) Examples of suitable tests . 28A.1General. 28A.2Stability test. 28A.3Function test of the automatic safety device. 30Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between t

12、his European Standard and the EssentialRequirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC . 31Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the EssentialRequirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 32Bibliography . 33FiguresFigure 1 Types of dock levellers. 6Figure 2 Main parts of a dock le

13、veller . 9Figure 3 Position of contact areas . 14Figure 4 Max. permanent deformation of bridge deck sheets. 15Figure 5 Safeguarding of crushing and shearing hazards . 18Figure A.1 Stability test for load case 1 . 29Figure A.2 Stability test for load case 2 . 29Figure A.3 Max. deformation of bridge d

14、eck sheets. 29TablesTable 1 Significant hazards and safety requirements.11Table 2 Applicable factors and loads at different load combinations.13Table 3 Means of verification of the safety requirements and measures .24ForewordThis document (EN 1398:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/T

15、C 98 “Lifting platforms, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2021, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest

16、 by September 2021.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.This document supersedes EN 1398:1997.This document has been prepare

17、d under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and theEuropean Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s).For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document.According to the CEN/CENELEC In

18、ternal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,

19、Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.IntroductionThis European Standard is a type C-standard as defined in EN ISO 12100.The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous

20、events are covered are indicated in the scope of this European Standard. In addition, machinery shall comply as appropriate with EN ISO 12100 for hazards which are not covered by this European Standard.Where provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B

21、standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.1Scope1.1This European Standard specifies the safety requirements for design, construction,

22、 installation, maintenance and testing of dock levellers and for safety components on dock levellers.With the exception of:a) dock levellers for marine and aircraft applications;b) lifting tables;c) vehicle mounted tail lifts.NOTE 1Requirements for lifting tables are laid down in EN 1570.NOTE 2Requi

23、rements for vehicle mounted tail lifts are laid down in EN 1756-1.1.2This European Standard is applicable to dock levellers which are used by persons and/or manual or power driven transport equipment (e. g. forklift trucks) as traffic paths between goods vehicles, both road vehicles and rail wagons,

24、 and parts of buildings such as loading docks. This standard does not deal with other bridging devices not shown in Figure 1.a)Bridge plate (dock plate)manually operated, mobilec) Manually operated dock leveller, installed in a pit, hinged lipb) Manually or power operated dock leveller, fixed at the

25、 dock edged) Power operated dock leveller, installed in a pit, telescopic or hinged lipFigure 1 Types of dock levellersNOTEOnly dock levellers fitted with a drive system other than directly applied human effort are machines in the sense of the Machinery Directive.1.3This European Standard specifies

26、requirements in order to protect persons and objects against accidents and health problems and damage during use and operation of dock levellers.Persons to protect are:a)operators and users;b)maintaining and inspecting personnel; c)persons near the dock leveller. Objects to be protected are:d)goods

27、on dock levellers;e)transport equipment on dock levellers.1.4The significant hazards of dock levellers are listed in Clause 4. These hazards have been identified by risk assessment according to EN ISO 12100-2 and require actions to avoid the hazard, or to reduce the risk, which are covered in Clause

28、 5.1.5The safety requirements are based on the assumption that the dock levellers are regularly maintained by competent persons to the instructions of the manufacturer and that the operating person has been instructed in the use of the dock leveller.1.6 This European Standard is not applicable to do

29、ck levellers which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN.1.7 This European Standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to dock Levellers, when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clause 4).

30、2Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.EN 349, Safety of machinery M

31、inimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human bodyEN 982, Safety of machinery Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components HydraulicsEN 983, Safety of machinery Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components PneumaticsEN 60204-1:2006, Safety of machinery E

32、lectrical equipment of machines Part 1: General requirements(IEC 60204-1:2005, modified)EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) (IEC 60529:1989)EN 60947-4-1, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-starters; Electromechanical contactors and

33、 motor-starters (IEC 60947-4-1:2000)EN 60947-4-2, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 4-2: Contactors and motor-starters ACsemiconductor motor controllers and starters (IEC 60947-4-2:1999)EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic ter

34、minology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 2: Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003)EN ISO 13849-1:2021, Safety of machinery Safety related parts of control systems Part 1: General principles for design (ISO 13

35、849-1:2006)EN ISO 13850, Safety of machinery Emergency stop Principles for design (ISO 13850:2006)ISO 11228-1, Ergonomics Manual handling Part 1: Lifting and carrying ISO 11228-2, Ergonomics Manual handling Part 2: Pushing and pulling CENELECHD 60364-4-41, Low-voltage electrical installations Part 4

36、-41: Protection for safety Protection against electric shock (IEC 60364-4-41:2005, modified)3Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and the following apply.3.1dock levellerstatic or mobile device to bridge the space between a lo

37、ading dock or similar loading areas and the loading surface of a vehicle which may be at different levelsNOTE 1Dock levellers may be built as:a)manually operated, mobile dock leveller, called bridge plate or dock board, see Figure 1a);b)power operated dock leveller built into a loading dock or fixed

38、 at the edge of a dock, see Figure 1b) and d);c)manually operated dock leveller built in to a loading dock or fixed to the edge of a dock, see Figure 1b) and c). NOTE 2Dock levellers are provided for loading and unloading operations and are not designed to lift or lower loads.NOTE 3The lifting or lo

39、wering mechanism is only provided to make alterations in the position of the unloaded dock leveller.3.2dock board/bridge platedock leveller, consisting of a manually operated plate, suspended or loose3.3latched dock levellerdock leveller which is held in a certain position by a positively engaged lo

40、cking device3.4bridge deckpart of the dock leveller in the form of a plate which is used as traffic path for persons and/or transport equipment, but excluding the lip (see Figure 2)Key1Bridge deck2Bearer3Hinged lipFigure 2 Main parts of a dock leveller3.5 bearersupporting part of a dock leveller in

41、the form of a beam, fixed at the under side of the bridge deck (see Figure2)3.6support devicepart of a dock leveller, e. g. in the form of a block, bar or bolt which supports the dock leveller in the horizontal stored position3.7hinged lippart of a dock leveller hinged to the bridge deck and resting

42、 on the vehicle in the operational position (seeFigure 2)3.8telescopic lippart of a dock leveller which can be telescopically extended towards the vehicle and which rests on the vehicle in the operational position3.9 loadingloading or unloading a vehicle using a dock leveller3.10free floating condit

43、ionmode in which the dock leveller supported on the vehicle may follow automatically the vertical movements of the vehicle during the loading process3.11stored positionposition to which the dock leveller is put, or to which it returns, when loading has finished3.12automatic returnreturn cycle of the

44、 dock leveller to its stored position with or without operator initiation3.13 installedfixed to a dock edge or built in to the loading dock or a similar area3.14automatic safety devicedevice which automatically prevents an uncontrolled and dangerous lowering of the loaded dock leveller3.15emergency

45、stop devicemanually operated device intended to stop all movements of a dock leveller in the event of danger3.16rated loadweight of the greatest moving load (including goods, persons and transport equipment for goods) for which the dock leveller is designed3.17competent personperson who, in accordan

46、ce with his training and experience, has sufficient knowledge in the field of dock levellers and is sufficiently familiar with relevant regulations to be able to assess the safe condition of dock levellers3.18operational positionposition of the dock leveller in which it is provided for loading and u

47、nloading4List of significant hazardsThe hazards that can influence the safety of persons during operation, maintenance or inspection have been identified by the risk assessment procedure and the corresponding requirements formulated. Table 1 shows the hazards which have been identified and where the

48、 corresponding requirements have been formulated in this European Standard.Table 1 Significant hazards and safety requirementsSignificant hazardsSafety requirements; Relevant clauses in this standard1.1Crushing hazard5.2.9, 5.2.10, 5.4.2.1, 5.4.2.2, 5.4.2.4,5.4.2.5, 5.4.2.7, 5.4.2.81.2Shearing hazar

49、d5.2.9, 5.2.10, 5.4.2.1, 5.4.2.2, 5.4.2.4,5.4.2.5, 5.4.2.7, 5.4.2.81.6Impact hazard5.2.111.9High pressure fluid ejection hazard5.4.4.1, 5.4.4.2, 5.4.4.3, 5.4.4.4, 5.4.4.52.1Contact of persons with live part (direct contact)5.4.2.6, 5.4.32.2Contact of persons with parts which have become live under faulty conditions (indirect contact)5.4.3, 5.4.2.64Hazards generated by noise8Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machine design8.1Unhealthy postures or excessive effort5.3.3, 5.3.48.2Inadequate consideration of hand-arm or foot-leg anatomy5.3.3, 5.3.48.5Mental overload and under