新视界大学英语4Unit3

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1、 Talking pointTalking pointWarming uWarming up pSkimmingSkimmingDiggingDiggingCritical thinkingCritical thinkingLanguage in useLanguage in useUnfamiliar wordsUnfamiliar wordsInterpretingInterpretingWatch a video clip about the tailor of the film Coco Before Chanel.Warming upWarming up Listen and und

2、erline any words or expressions which are different from what you hear.Our next model is coming down the catwalk now.Now you have to remember that all of the models designed their own clothes,they are all first-year students of the college,all of them are doing the course in fashion design,and they

3、come from all over the world.This is Margot Manfort,whos 21 years old and comes from Belgium.As you can see,Margot is wearing a long light green dress,which contrasts neatly with the red bag and her blonde hair.Its a strong,sensuous design.Our next model is coming down the catwalk now.Now you have t

4、o remember that all of the models designed their own clothes,they are all first-year students of the college,all of them are doing the course in fashion design,and they come from all over the world.This is Margot Manfort,whos 21 years old and comes from Belgium.As you can see,Margot is wearing a lon

5、g light green dress,which contrasts neatly with the red bag and her blonde hair.Its a strong,sensuous design.Warming upI suspect she was inspired by pictures of the French court in the 16th century theres certainly something very,how can I put it,historical about the design.But those glasses bring h

6、er right into the 21st century.I really like what shes done.I suspect she was inspired by pictures of the French court in the 16th century theres certainly something very,how can I put it,historical about the design.But those glasses bring her right into the 21st century.I really like what shes done

7、.Warming upNow listen again and correct the information.Answer:first year third yearBelgium Franceneatly nicelystrong soft16th 17thWarming up Work in pairs.Look at the photos and discuss the questions.1 Which style do you like most,and why?2 Which style do you like least,and why?3 Would you like to

8、be a fashion model?Why/Why not?Warming up Look at the title of the passage and answer the questions.1 Which fashion items do you think the passage will focus on?bikinis hats jackets jeans shoes skirts socks ties2 Which aspects of the items do you expect the descriptions to concentrate on?appearance

9、colour comfort cost length materialNow read the passage and check your answers.SkimmingBrowse the passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea about it.Answer the questions of Activity 2 and 3 on page 49.TaskTaskSkimming Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What happened on the fashion scene in

10、 the 1950s?(a)Blue jeans arrived in Europe and Asia.(b)American youth started wearing jeans.(c)The French started to manufacture jeans.(d)American women started to wear trousers.2 What do women want to do during an economic boom?(a)Show less of their legs.(b)Show more of their legs.(c)Buy short skir

11、ts.(d)Sell their shares.(a)(b)Skimming3 What did tights help to promote in the 1960s?(a)The French fashion industry.(b)Stockings.(c)The miniskirt.(d)The Beatles.4 What was popular in the mid-1980s?(a)Clean shaven faces.(b)Long hair.(c)Denim jeans and jackets.(d)Short skirts.(c)(c)Skimming5 What was

12、fashionable in the 1990s?(a)Designer jeans.(b)Dyed hair and trainers.(c)Tight jeans and short hair.(d)Clothes with bright colours.6 What happened in the fall of 2007?(a)Hemlines anticipated a global crisis.(b)Womens skirts got shorter.(c)There was a crisis on the stock market.(d)Designers began to l

13、ose touch with reality.(b)(a)Skimming Match the pictures with the extracts from the passage.(a)Power dressing was characterized by smart executive suits and,for the newlyempoweredwomen,shoulder pads and knee-length skirts.(b)Perhaps the most important development in fashion in the 1960s was the mini

14、skirt.(c)So the late 1980s in the US saw the rise of the more SkimmingAnswer:1(d)2(e)3(a)4(b)5(c)SkimmingNow number the pictures in chronological order.Answer:The pictures are in the chronological order of 4,1,3,5,2Fifty years of fashion译文译文Digging1 No history of fashion in the years 1960 to 2010 ca

15、n overlook or underestimate two constant factors:jeans and the rise and fall of hemlines for womens skirts and dresses.Digging2 Denim,the textile which jeans are made of,was known in France in the late 16th century,but it was Levi Strauss who saw that mine workers in the Californian gold rush in the

16、 mid-19th century needed strong trousers,which he reinforced with metal pins.Blue denim jeans remained popular in the US as work clothes until the 1950s,but then became associated with youth,new ideas,resistance to authority and independent thinking.译文译文DiggingWhen Levi Strauss&Co began to export bl

17、ue jeans to Europe and Asia in the late 1950s,they were bought and worn with huge enthusiasm by a large proportion of young people and recognized as a symbol of the young,informal American way of life.译文译文Digging3 Hemlines have a more peculiar significance during this period.There is consensus among

18、 fashion editors that there is a precise relation,with only a few exceptions,between the length of womens skirts and the economy.As the stock market rises,so do hemlines,and conversely,when it falls,so do they.Exactly why women should want to expose or conceal bare legs during periods of economic bo

19、om and bust remains a mystery.But the general trend is clear.Whenever the economic outlook is troublesome,the convention is for both men and women to wear more conservative clothes.译文译文Digging4 Perhaps the most important development in fashion in the 1960s was the miniskirt,invented by the British d

20、esigner Mary Quant.Because Quant worked in the heart of Swinging London,the miniskirt developed into a major international fashion.It attracted greater respect when the great French designer,Courrges,imported it into his range of clothes and developed it into an item of high fashion.But it would not

21、 have achieved such international currency without the development of tights,instead of stockings,because the rise in hemlines meant the stocking tops would be visible.译文译文Digging5 The hippie movement of the mid-1960s andearly 1970s influenced the design of jeans,withthe trouser leg developing a“bel

22、l-bottom”style.By the mid-1970s,as the economy grew worse,hemlines descended to midi or medium(mid-calf)length and maxi(ankle length),while jeans wereno longer limited to blue.译文译文Digging6 Jeans remained fashionable during the periodof punk,usually worn ripped,often with badges,chains and belts with

23、 metal ornaments,and piercedears and noses.The look lasted for several years,although became more and more restricted to smallgroups of inner-city young people,and had littleinfluence on other age groups.译文译文Digging7 As a reaction to punk,the New Romantics wasa fashion movement which occurred in Bri

24、tishclubs.It was eye-catching and featured fancy shirtsand blouses.Jeans were definitely not acceptable.译文译文Digging8 The mid-1980s saw the rise of a number of different styles.Power dressing was characterized by smart executive suits and,for the newlyempowered women,shoulder pads and kneelength skir

25、ts.Not surprisingly,the economy wasnt stable,and people took less risks in what they wore.For men,the Miami Vice style,named after the television series,made use of smart T-shirts under designer jackets,and three or four days of beard growth.But as always,denim remained popular with the young.In par

26、ticular,heavy metal music fans wore ripped jeans and denim jackets.译文译文Digging9 Gradually hemlines started to rise again.until the world stock market crash in 1987.So the late 1980s in the US saw the rise of the more conservative style called Preppy style,with classic clothes by Ralph Lauren and Bro

27、oks Brothers for men,button-down shirts,casual trousers and shoes,with a sweater tied in a loose knot around the neck.They also wore jeans,but either brandnew or clean and smartly pressed not at all what Levi Strauss originally intended.Digging10 As the world economies bounced back againin the 1990s

28、,fashion for young people becamemore daring.Boots and Converse or Nike trainersremained popular,but the most common coloursbecame olive green and oatmeal.Hair was wornlong,or cut short and dyed blue,green or red.Hoodies,baseball caps and loose jeans,whichwere often fastened low below the backside,we

29、recommon on the streets.Digging11 Then in January 2000 the New York technology stock market collapsed.As usual,so did hemlines,which were described by one commentator as“the prim and proper look is in.Skirts should be below the knee.”But merely one year later,the stock market began to rally,and the

30、miniskirt returned.Lower limbs were more exposed than they had been for many years.Digging12 During this period,it was unusual to wear formal clothes unless you were at work.Designer jeans gained huge popularity.These were made of the traditional denim,perhaps with extra stretch fibre added,but cut

31、and marketed under well-known brands such as Armani,Hugo Boss and Moschino,who until recently had only concerned themselves with the smartest fashion lines.Narrow jeans also became popular in Britain and most of Europe.Skirt length is uncertain,ranging from micro to“sensible”knee-length or just belo

32、w.Digging13 Sometimes hemlines can even predict a change in the mood of the stock market long before it actually happens.In September 2007,at the New York fashion shows,which were displaying their styles for spring 2008,the trend was for much longer dresses and skirts,many to midcalf or even down to

33、 the ankles.Some people felt this showed that the hemline indicator was no longer reliable,and that designers no longer dictated what people would wear.DiggingDuring the London and New York fashion shows in September 2008,hemlines continued to drop.But sure enough,in the fall of 2008,the stock marke

34、t indexes crashed when the banking crisis hit the US,Europe and then the rest of the world.Hemlines were no longer following the stock market they were showing the way and indicating future economic trends.Digging14 During the whole period,fashion styles haveranged widely,and have usually been spark

35、edoff by a desire to identify people as belonging toa particular sub-culture.But the constant factorsover this period are denim and hemlines andthe greatest influences have been a 19th-centuryCalifornian clothes manufacturer and a youngdesigner in the Swinging London of the 1960s.Main idea of the te

36、xt1.as a symbol of the young,informal American way of life.(Line 14,Para 2)The word“young”is used in the sense that the US has only a short history.Difficult sentences Difficult sentences 2.Whenever the economic outlook is troublesome(Line 10,Para 3)the economic outlook is troublesome:The economy is

37、 unstable,that is,the economy has problems and is likely to change suddenly,making people uncertain about what may happen in the future.Difficult sentences 3.It attracted greater respect when the great French designer,Courreges,imported it into his range of clothes and developed it into an item of h

38、igh fashion.(Line 6,Para 4)There are different levels of fashion,eg street fashion arising usually in cities,ordinary fashion such as is worn by most people and found in markets,and high fashion worn by stars and the rich.The miniskirt became an item of ordinary fashion in Britain,but when Courreges

39、 added it to his collection of clothes it became part of international high fashion,worn by the elite.Difficult sentences 4.made use of smart T-shirts under designer jackets(Line 8,Para 8)designer jackets:Designer clothes in general are those with a famous label.You can buy ordinary jeans in the mar

40、ket or choose Armani ones.Difficult sentences 5.They also wore jeans,but either brand-new or clean and smartly pressed not at all what Levi Strauss originally intended.(Line 8,Para 9)Although the Preppy look insisted on smart clothes,it did not lead to people avoiding denim jeans(as with the New Rom

41、antics).But jeans changed from very casual articles of clothes into elegant items of clothing,and had to be carefully ironed,quite the opposite of the very casual workman-like blue denim jeans of the 1950s.Difficult sentences 6.which were described by one commentator as“the prim and proper look is i

42、n”(Line 3,Para 11)A fashion is“in”when it is a new or current style,or“out”when it is out-of-date.Difficult sentences During the whole period,there has been a wide range of different fashion styles,which have been usually started by peoples wish to show their identity to make them distinct from the

43、rest of society.7.During the whole period,fashion styles have ranged widely,and have usually been sparked off by a desire to identify people as belonging to a particular sub-culture.(Line 1,Para 14)textile 释义释义n.C woven or knitted cloth 纺织品；织物例句例句Their main exports are textiles,especially silk and c

44、otton.他们的主要出口商品是纺织品，尤其是丝绸和棉布。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句printed textiles印花织物翻译翻译释义释义1vt.sing,U opposition to someone or something,especially a political or military opponent（尤指政治或军事上的）抵抗，反对WordsWords例句例句After a stubborn resistance the enemy was fought off at last.敌人负隅顽抗，最后被击退了。翻译翻译例句例句Our troops encountered

45、only token resistance.我们的部队仅受到象征性的抵抗。翻译翻译resistance释义释义2n.sing,U(to)the ability not to be affected or harmed by something,especially a disease or drug（尤指对疾病或药物的）抵抗力WordsWords例句例句Poor diet lowers resistance to illness.饮食太差会削弱对于疾病的抵抗力。翻译翻译例句例句This disease is surprisingly difficult to catch as most peo

46、ple have a natural resistance to it.由于多数人对这种病具有天然免疫力，所以发病率低得出奇。翻译翻译resistance释义释义1n.C a quantity of something that is a part or share of the whole 部分；份儿WordsWords例句例句People spend a large proportion of their income on housing.人们收入的很大一部分都用在了住房上。翻译翻译例句例句The proportion of residents receiving welfare has

47、 dropped.享受福利的居民的比例有所下降。翻译翻译proportion 释义释义2n.U the correct,most useful,or most attractive relationship between things（比例）均衡，协调，匀称WordsWords例句例句Womens bodies tend to have a higher proportion of fat to water.女性的身体内脂肪与水分的比例往往更高。翻译翻译例句例句The porch is out of proportion with the rest of the house.门廊和房子的其他

48、部分不成比例。翻译翻译proportion 释义释义n.sing,U agreement among all the people involved 一致同意例句例句It will be difficult to reach any sort of consensus on this issue.在这个问题上将很难达成一致意见。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句翻译翻译All good decisions are made by consensus.所有英明的决定都是经过一致同意作出的。consensus 释义释义1vt.to allow something that is usually

49、covered or hidden to be seen 使显露；使露出例子例子翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句Dont expose the liquid medicine to the sunlight.翻译翻译不要把药水暴露于阳光下。Lowered sea levels exposed the shallow continental shelf.海平面下降使浅层大陆架暴露出来。expose Is it advisable to expose our body to the sunlight?(Jun.1990,CET4,Vocabulary and Structure)真题真题释义释

50、义2n.to fail to protect someone or something from something harmful or dangerous 使暴露于（有害或危险环境中）；使无保护例句例句Why do we still sunbathe when we know the dangers of exposing our skin to the sun?我们明白让皮肤暴露于阳光下的危险，可为什么还要进行日光浴呢？翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句翻译翻译A wise mother never exposes her children to the slightest possi

51、bility of danger.明智的母亲决不会让她的孩子置身于一丁点儿危险之中。expose 释义释义1a.a part of your body that is bare is not covered by any clothes 赤裸的例句例句The stone floor felt like ice to her bare feet.她光着脚感到石头地板冰凉刺骨。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句He pattered along the corridor in his bare feet.他赤着脚吧嗒吧嗒地走过走廊。翻译翻译bare 释义释义2a.containing nothi

52、ng 空的例句例句His fridge was bare apart from three very withered tomatoes.除了三个蔫巴巴的西红柿，他的冰箱里什么也没有。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句He led me through to a bareinterviewing room.他把我带到了一间空荡荡的面试室。翻译翻译bare 释义释义n.C,U a sudden major increase in trade,profits etc in a particular country or region(贸易、利润等的)激增，暴涨例句例句He made a lot

53、of money during the property boom.在房地产生意兴隆期间他发了大财。翻译翻译WordsWordsboom 例句例句How long can the present business boom last?目前这种商业繁荣能持续多久？翻译翻译boom and bust释义释义a.causing problems or difficulties,especially in an annoying way 引起麻烦的；（尤指）令人讨厌的例句例句She needs surgery to cure a troublesome back injury.她需要动手术医治棘手的背

54、痛。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句Parents need to have more patience when educating troublesome child.翻译翻译家长在教育爱惹事的孩子时需要更多的耐心。troublesome Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before.(Jan.1990,CET4,Reading Comprehension)真题真题释义释义vi.(fml)to become lower 下斜；降低例句例句Be careful when

55、 you descend from the ladder.从梯子上下来时一定要小心。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句In the vast shadow of night the coolness and the dews descend.在这苍茫的夜色中，寒气与露水降下来了。翻译翻译descend 释义释义1vt.if you have a part of your body pierced,you have a small hole made in it（在身体某部位）扎眼，穿孔（以佩戴珠宝）例句例句翻译翻译WordsWordsHe strives hard to keep himse

56、lf very fit.他努力地保持身体健康。例句例句翻译翻译The film studio is striving to improve its public image.该电影制片厂正在努力改善其公众形象。pierce 释义释义2vt.if a sharp object pierces something,it makes a hole in it 刺穿；刺破例句例句翻译翻译WordsWordsSomeone came up and asked him:If you hold up your spear to pierce through your shield,what will hap

57、pen?有人就问他说：“如果用你的矛来刺你的盾，会怎么样呢?”例句例句翻译翻译One bullet pierced the left side of his chest.一颗子弹射入他的左胸。pierce 释义释义1a.(only before noun)designed for rich or important people 专为有钱人或要人设计的例句例句翻译翻译WordsWordsSome airline companies provide executive plane for the rich and influential.有些航空公司为权贵人生提供专用飞机。executive 释

58、义释义2n.C a senior manager in a business or other organization（企业或其他组织的）行政主管；经历例句例句翻译翻译WordsWordsThe Chief Executive should be experienced in business administration.总经理应有企业管理经验。例句例句翻译翻译The retired executive consults for several large companies.那位退休的总裁在好几家大公司当顾问。executive 释义释义例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords我们希望创立一

59、个更为安全、稳定、和平与平等的国际秩序。We hope to usher in a more secure,stable,peaceful and equitable world order.Commodity sales on domestic market were stable.例句例句翻译翻译国内市场商品销售平稳增长。a.not changing frequently and not likely to suddenly become worse 稳定的stable 释义释义1a.if something such as a rope or knot is loose,it is no

60、t pulled tight(绳子或线结)松开的Where the knot is loose the string slips.结子一松掉，绳子就滑脱。PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻译翻译Your shoelace has come loose.你的鞋带松了。例句例句翻译翻译loose 释义释义2例句例句翻译翻译我有一颗牙齿松动了。a.not firmly fixed in a position 未固定住的，松动的PhrasesPhrasesI have got a loose tooth.例句例句翻译翻译 把手松动了，你得把它拧紧。You have to screw up the

61、handle,it has become loose.loose 释义释义v.if a ball or other object bounces,or if you bounce it,it hits a surface then immediately moves away from it（使）弹起；（使）反弹PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻译翻译 I bounced a ball against the wall.我对着房子打球。bounce 例句例句翻译翻译The wheelchair tennis player is allowed two bounces of the ball

62、.轮椅网球选手可以等球落地两次再击球。释义释义vt.to change the colour of something such as clothing or your hair using dye 给染色 PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻译翻译Maybe you could dye that skirt to match your blouse.也许你可以给那条裙子染色，使之与你的衬衫相配。例句例句翻译翻译Please dye my hair brown.请把我的头发染成棕色。dye 释义释义vt.to close something such as a piece of clothi

63、ng or a bag using the buttons,zip etc on it 系牢；扣牢PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻译翻译Please keep your seatbelts fastened while the seatbelt light is on.指示灯亮时请系好安全带。例句例句翻译翻译We fastened our boat with rope to a post in the river.我们用绳子把船拴在河里的一根柱子上。fasten If you do not fasten your safety belt,your chances of being hur

64、t will be greater.(Jan.1992,CET-4,Vocabulary and Structure)真题真题释义释义vi.if things such as prices rally,they improve and increase in value after being low(价格)回升；升值；复苏PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻译翻译Markets began to rally worldwide.世界各地的市场开始复苏。例句例句翻译翻译On the stock market,share prices rallied after a four-day decl

65、ine.在股票市场上，股价经过4天的下跌之后回升了。rally 释义释义n.C an arm or a leg 肢；臂；腿PhrasesPhrases例子例子翻译翻译an artificial limb假肢 例句例句翻译翻译She stretched out her limbs comfortably and soon fell asleep.她舒服地伸展四肢，很快便入睡了。limb 释义释义vt.influence or control how something is done 影响；控制PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻译翻译The way in which they dress i

66、s dictated by very rigid fashion rules.他们的着装受到时尚规则的严格限制。例句例句翻译翻译A number of factors will dictate how long an apple tree can survive.影响一棵苹果树寿命的因素有很多。dictate 释义释义n.C(business)a number that shows the price,value,or level of something compared with something else 指数PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻译翻译The happiness index of people in Jiangsu,Sichuan,Fujian provinces and Chongqing municipality was found to be high.调查发现，江苏、四川、福建和重庆四个省市居民的幸福感指数较高。例句例句翻译翻译Sense of happiness is dictated by many factors:economic,populat