统计学专业英语词汇完整版

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1、统计学专业英语词汇AAbsolute deviation,绝对离差Absolute number,绝对数Absolute residuals，绝对残差Acceleration array,加速度立体阵Acceleration in an arbitrary direction,任意方向上的加速度Acceleration normal,法向加速度Acceleration space dimensio n,加速度空间的维数Acceleration tangential,切向加速度Acceleration vector,加速度向量Acceptable hypothesis，可接受假设Accumula

2、tio n,累积Accuracy,准确度Actual frequency，实际频数Adaptive estimator,自适应估计量Addition,相加Addition theorem,加法定理Additivity,可加性Adjusted rate,调整率Adjusted value，校正值Admissible error，容许误差Aggregation,聚集性Alternative hypothesis，备择假设Among groups，组间Amounts，总量Analysis of correlatio n,相关分析Analysis of covariance，协方差分析Analysis

3、 of regression,回归分析Analysis of time series，时间序列分析Analysis of variance，方差分析Angular transformation,角转换ANOVA(analysis of variance),方差分析ANOVA Models，方差分析模型Arcing,弧/弧旋Arcsine transformation,反正弦变换Area under the curve，曲线面积AREG,评估从一个时间点到下一个时间点回归相关时的误差ARIMA,季节和非季节性单变量模型的极大似然估计Arithmetic grid paper，算术格纸Arithm

4、etic mean,算术平均数Arrhenius relation，艾恩尼斯关系Assessing fit,拟合的评估Associative laws,结合律Asymmetric distribution,非对称分布Asymptotic bias，渐近偏倚Asymptotic efficiency，渐近效率Asymptotic variance，渐近方差Attributable risk,归因危险度Attribute data，属性资料Attribution,属性Autocorrelation,自相关Autocorrelation of residuals,残差的自相关Average,平均数A

5、verage confidence interval length,平均置信区间长度Average growth rate,平均增长率BBar chart,条形图Bar graph,条形图Base period，基期Bayes theorem,贝叶斯定理Bell-shaped curve,钟形曲线Bernoulli distribution,伯努力分布Best-trim estimator，最好切尾估计量Bias,偏性Binary logistic regression,二 元逻辑斯蒂回归Binomial distribution,二 项分布Bisquare，双平方Bivariate Corr

6、elate,二 变量相关Bivariate normal distribution,双变量正态分布Bivariate normal population,双变量正态总体Biweight interval,双权区间Biweight M-estimator，双权 M 估计量Block，区组/配伍组BMDP(Biomedical computer programs),BMDP 统计软件包Box plots,箱线图/箱尾图Break down bound,崩溃界/崩溃点CCanonical correlatio n,典型相关Caption,纵标目Case-control study，病例对照研究Cat

7、egorical variable，分类变量Catenary,悬链线Cauchy distributio n,柯西分布Cause-and-effect relationship，因果关系Cell,单元Censoring，终检Center of symmetry，对称中心Centering and scaling，中心化和定标Central tendency,集中趋势Central value,中心值CHAID-x2AutomaticlnteractionDetector,卡方自动交互检测Chance,机遇Chance error,随机误差Chance variable，随机变量Characte

8、ristic equatio n,特征方程Characteristic root，特征根Characteristic vector,特征向量Chebshev criterion of fit，拟合的切比雪夫准则Chernoff faces，切尔诺夫脸谱图Chi-square test，卡方检验/x2检验Choleskey decompositio n,乔洛斯基分解Circle chart,圆图Class interval,组距Class mid-value,组中值Class upper limit,组上限Classified variable，分类变量Cluster analysis，聚类分析

9、Cluster sampling，整群抽样Code，代码Coded data，编码数据Coding,编码Coefficient of contingency，列联系数Coefficient of determinatio n,决定系数Coefficient of multiple correlation,多重相关系数Coefficient of partial correlatio n,偏相关系数Coefficient of production-moment correlation,积差相关系数Coefficient of rank correlatio n,等级相关系数Coefficien

10、t of regression,回归系数Coefficient of skewness，偏度系数Coefficient of variatio n,变异系数Cohort study,队列研究Column,列Column effect，列效应Column factor，列因素Combination pool,合并Combinative table，组合表Common factor，共性因子Common regression coefficient，公共回归系数Common value,共同值Common variance，公共方差Common variatio n,公共变异Communality

11、 variance，共性方差Comparability，可比性Comparison of bathes，批比较Comparison value，比较值Compartment model,分部模型Compassion,伸缩Complement of an event,补事件Complete association,完全正相关Complete dissociatio n,完全不相关Complete statistics，完备统计量Completely randomized design，完全随机化设计Composite event，联合事件/复合事件Concavity,凹性Conditional

12、expectatio n,条件期望Conditional likelihood，条件似然Conditional probability，条件概率Conditionally linear，依条件线性Confidence interval,置信区间Confidence limit，置信限Confidence lower limit，置信下限Confidence upper limit，置信上限Confirmatory Factor Analysis，验证性因子分析Confirmatory research,证实性实验研究Confounding factor,混杂因素Conjoint,联合分析Con

13、sistency,相合性Consistency check,一 致性检验Consistent asymptotically normal estimate,相合渐近正态估 计Consistent estimate,相合估计Constrained nonlinear regressio n,受约束非线性回归Constraint,约束Contaminated distribution,污染分布Contaminated Gausssian,污染高斯分布Contaminated normal distribution,污染正态分布Contamination,污染Contamination model,

14、污染模型Contingency table，列联表Contour，边界线Contribution rate，贡献率Control,对照Controlled experiments，对照实验Conventional depth,常规深度Convolution,卷积Corrected factor，校正因子Corrected mean,校正均值Correction coefficient,校正系数Correctness，正确性Correlation coefficient,相关系数Correlation index，相关指数Correspondence，对应Counting,计数Counts,计数

15、/频数Covariance，协方差Covariant，共变Cox Regression, Cox 回归Criteria for fitting,拟合准则Criteria of least squares,最小二乘准贝 VCritical ratio,临界比Critical regio n,拒绝域Critical value，临界值Cross-over design,交叉设计Cross-section analysis，横断面分析Cross-section survey,横断面调查Cross tabs，交叉表Cross-tabulation table，复合表Cube root，立方根Cumul

16、ative distribution functio n,累计分布函数Cumulative probability,累计概率Curvature,曲率/弯曲Curve fit，曲线拟和Curve fitting,曲线拟合Curvilinear regression,曲线回归Curvilinear relation,曲线关系Cut-and-try method,尝试法Cycle,周期Cyclist,周期性DD test, D 检验Data acquisition,资料收集Databank，数据库Data capacity，数据容量Data deficiencies，数据缺乏Data handlin

17、g，数据处理Data manipulatio n,数据处理Data processing,数据处理Data reduction，数据缩减Data set,数据集Data sources,数据来源Data transformation,数据变换Data validity，数据有效性Data-in,数据输入Data-out，数据输出Dead time,停滞期Degree of freedom,自由度Degree of precisio n,精密度Degree of reliability,可靠性程度Degression,递减Density function,密度函数Density of datap

18、oints，数据点的密度Dependent variable，应变量/依变量/因变量Depth,深度Derivative matrix，导数矩阵Derivative-free methods，无导数方法Design,设计Determinacy,确定性Determinant，行列式Determinant,决定因素Deviatio n,离差Deviation from average，离均差Diagnostic plot，诊断图Dichotomous variable,二分变量Differential equation,微分方程Direct standardization,直接标准化法Discre

19、te variable，离散型变量Discriminant，判断Discriminant analysis,判另 U分析Discriminant coefficient，判别系数Discriminant functio n,判别值Dispersion,散布/分散度Disproportional,不成比例的Disproportionate sub-class numbers,不成比例次级组含量Distribution free,分布无关性/免分布Distribution shape，分布形状Distribution-free method，任意分布法Distributive laws，分配律Di

20、sturbance,随机扰动项Dose response curve，剂量反应曲线Double blind method,双盲法Double blind rial,双盲试验Double exponential distributio n,双指数分布Double logarithmic，双对数Downward rank，降秩Dual-space plot，对偶空间图DUD,无导数方法Duncans new multiple range method,新复极差法/Duncan 新法EFactorial,阶乘Factorial design,析因试验设计Effect，实验效应False negati

21、ve,假阴性Eigen value，特征值False negative error，假阴性错误Eigen vector,特征向量Family of distributions，分布族Ellipse，椭圆Family of estimators,估计量族Empirical distribution,经验分布Fanning,扇面Empirical probability,经验概率单位Fatality rate,病死率Enumeration data，计数资料Field investigation,现场调查Equal sun-class number,相等次级组含量Field survey，现场调查

22、Equally likely,等可能Finite populatio n,有限总体Equal variance，同变性Finite-sample，有限样本Error，误差/错误First derivative, 一阶导数Error of estimate,估计误差First principal component，第一主成分Error type 1,第一类错误First quartile，第一四分位数Error type II,第二类错误Fisher information,费雪信息量Estimand,被估量Fitted value,拟合值Estimated error mean square

23、s,估计误差均方Fitting a curve,曲线拟合Estimated error sum of squares,估计误差平方和Fixed base，定基Euclidean distance，欧式距离Fluctuation,随机起伏Event，事件Forecast，预测Exceptional data point，异常数据点Four fold table，四格表Expectation plane，期望平面Fourth,四分点Expectation surface，期望曲面Fraction blow,左侧比率Expected values，期望值Fractional error，相对误差Ex

24、periment，实验Frequency,频率Experimental sampling，试验抽样Frequency polygo n,频数多边图Experimental unit，试验单位Frontier point，界限点Explanatory variable，说明变量/解释变量Function relationship，泛函关系Exploratory data analysis，探索性数据分析Explore Summarize，探索-摘要GExponential curve,指数曲线Gamma distribution,伽玛分布Exponential growth,指数式增长Gauss

25、 increment,高斯增量Exsooth,指数平滑方法Gaussian distribution,高斯分布/正态分布Extended fit，扩充拟合Gauss-Newton increment,高斯-牛顿增量Extra parameter,附加参数General census，全面普查Extra polatio n,夕卜推法GENLOG(Generalized liner models),广 义线性模型Extreme observation,末端观测值Geometric mean,几何平均数Extremes,极端值/极值Ginis mean difference，基尼均差FGLM(Gen

26、eral liner models),通用线性模型Goodness of fit，拟和优度/配合度F distribution, F 分布Gradient of determinant，行列式的梯度F test, F 检验Graeco - Latin square，希腊拉丁方Factor，因素/因子Grand mean,总均值Factor analysis，因子分析Gross errors，重大错误Factor score,因子得分Gross-error sensitivity，大错敏感度Group averages，分组平均Grouped data，分组资料Guessed mean,假定平均

27、数HHalf-life，半衰期Hampel M-estimators，汉佩尔 M 估计量Happenstance,偶然事件Harmonic mean，调和均数Hazard function,风险均数Hazard rate,风险率Heading,标目Heavy-tailed distribution,重尾分布Hessian array，海森立体阵Heterogeneity，不同质Heterogeneity of variance，方差不齐Hierarchical classificatio n,组内分组Hierarchical clustering method,系统聚类法High-levera

28、ge point,高杠杆率点HILOGLINEAR,多维列联表的层次对数线性模型Hinge,折叶点Histogram,直方图Historical cohort study,历史性队列研究Holes，空洞HOMALS，多重响应分析Homogeneity of variance，方差齐性Homogeneity test，齐性检验Huber M-estimators，休伯 M 估计量Hyperbola，双曲线Hypothesis testing,假设检验Hypothetical universe,假设总体IImpossible event，不可能事件Independence，独立性Independe

29、nt variable,自变量Index，指标/指数Indirect standardization,间接标准化法Individual,个体Inference band,推断带Infinite population,无限总体Infinitely great，无穷大Infinitely small,无穷小Influence curve，影响曲线Information capacity,信息容量Initial condition,初始条件Initial estimate,初始估计值Initial level，最初水平Interaction,交互作用Interaction terms,交互作用项In

30、tercept，截距Interpolation,内插法Inter quartile range，四分位距Interval estimation,区间估计Intervals of equal probability，等概率区间Intrinsic curvature,固有曲率Invariance，不变性Inverse matrix,逆矩阵Inverse probability,逆概率Inverse sine transformation,反正弦变换Iteration,迭代JJacobian determinant，雅可比行列式Joint distribution functio n,联合分布函数J

31、oint probability，联合概率Joint probability distribution,联合概率分布KK means method，逐步聚类法Kaplan-Meier,评估事件的时间长度Kaplan-Merier chart, Kaplan-Merier 图Kendalls rank correlation, Kendall 等级相关Kinetic，动力学Kolmogorov-Smirnove test，柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验 Kruskal and Wallis test, Kruskal 及 Wallis 检验/多样本的秩和 检验/H检验Kurtosis，峰度LLac

32、k of fit，失拟Ladder of powers，幕阶梯Lag,滞后Large sample，大样本Large sample test,大样本检验Latin square，拉丁方Latin square design,拉丁方设计Leakage，泄漏Least favorable configuration,最不利构形Least favorable distribution,最不利分布Least significant difference，最小显著差法Least square method，最小二乘法Least-absolute-residuals estimates，最小绝对残差估计L

33、east-absolute-residuals fit，最小绝对残差拟合Least-absolute-residuals line，最小绝对残差线Legend,图例L-estimator,L 估计量L-estimator of location,位置 L 估计量L-estimator of scale，尺度 L 估计量Level，水平Life expectance,预期期望寿命Life table，寿命表Life table method，生命表法Light-taile distribution,轻尾分布Likelihood function,似然函数Likelihood ratio,似然比L

34、ine graph，线图Linear correlatio n,直线相关Linear equatio n,线性方程Linear programming,线性规划Linear regression,直线回归/线性回归Linear trend,线性趋势Loading,载荷Location and scale equi variance,位置尺度同变性Location equi variance,位置同变性Location invariance,位置不变性Location scale family,位置尺度族Log rank test，时序检验Logarithmic curve，对数曲线Logari

35、thmic normal distributio n,对数正态分布Logarithmic scale，对数尺度Logarithmic transformatio n,对数变换Logic check，逻辑检查Logistic distribution,逻辑斯蒂分布Logit transformation, Logit 转换LOG LINEAR,多维列联表通用模型Lognormal distributio n,对数正态分布Lost function,损失函数Low correlation,低度相关Lower limit，下限Lowest-attained variance，最小可达方差LSD,最小

36、显著差法的简称Lurking variable,潜在变量MMain effect，主效应Major heading,主辞标目Marginal density function,边缘密度函数Marginal probability,边缘概率Marginal probability distribution,边缘概率分布Matched data,配对资料Matched distribution,匹配过分布Matching of distribution,分布的匹配Matching of transformation,变换的匹配Mathematical expectatio n,数学期望Mathem

37、atical model,数学模型Maximum L-estimator，极大 L 估计量Maximum likelihood method,最大似然法Mean,均数Mean squares between groups，组间均方Mean squares within group，组内均方Means (Compare means),均值-均值比较Median,中位数Median effective dose，半数效量Median lethal dose，半数致死量Median polish，中位数平滑Median test，中位数检验Minimal sufficient statistic，最

38、小充分统计量Minimum distance estimation,最小距离估计Minimum effective dose,最小有效量Minimum lethal dose，最小致死量Minimum variance estimator，最小方差估计量MINITAB,统计软件包Minor heading，宾词标目Missing data，缺失值Model specification,模型的确定Modeling Statistics，模型统计Models for outliers，离群值模型Modifying the model,模型的修正Modulus of continuity，连续性模M

39、orbidity，发病率Most favorable configuration,最有利构形 Multidimensional Scaling (ASCAL)，多维尺度 / 多维标度 Multinomial Logistic Regression，多项逻辑斯蒂回归 Multiple compariso n,多重比较Multiple correlation，复相关Multiple covariance，多元协方差Multiple linear regression,多元线性回归Multiple response，多重选项Multiple solutions，多解Multiplication th

40、eorem,乘法定理Multiresponse，多元响应Multi-stage sampling,多阶段抽样Multivariate T distribution,多元 T 分布Mutual exclusive,互不相容Outliers，极端值Mutual independence,互相独立OVERALS，多组变量的非线性正规相关NOvershoot，迭代过度Natural boundary,自然边界PNatural dead,自然死亡Paired design，配对设计Natural zero,自然零Paired sample，配对样本Negative correlatio n,负相关Pai

41、rwise slopes，成对斜率Negative linear correlatio n,负线性相关Parabola，抛物线Negatively skewed，负偏Parallel tests，平行试验Newman-Keuls method, q 检验Parameter，参数NK method, q 检验Parametric statistics，参数统计No statistical significance，无统计意义Parametric test，参数检验Nominal variable,名义变量Partial correlatio n,偏相关Nonconstancy of variab

42、ility,变异的非定常性Partial regression,偏回归Nonlinear regression,非线性相关Partial sorting,偏排序Nonparametric statistics，非参数统计Partials residuals，偏残差Nonparametric test,非参数检验Pattern,模式Normal deviate，正态离差Pearson curves,皮尔逊曲线Normal distribution,正态分布Peeling,退层Normal equation,正规方程组Percent bar graph,百分条形图Normal ranges，正常范

43、围Percentage,百分比Normal value，正常值Percentile，百分位数Nuisance parameter，多余参数/讨厌参数Percentile curves,百分位曲线Null hypothesis，无效假设Periodicity,周期性Numerical variable，数值变量Permutation,排列OP-estimator,P 估计量Pie graph,饼图Objective function,目标函数Pitman estimator，皮特曼估计量Observation unit，观察单位Pivot，枢轴量Observed value，观察值Planar，

44、平坦One sided test，单侧检验Planar assumption,平面的假设One-way analysis of variance，单因素方差分析PLANCARDS,生成试验的计划卡One way ANOVA，单因素方差分析Point estimation,点估计Open sequential trial，开放型序贯设计Poisson distribution,泊松分布Optrim,优切尾Polishing,平滑Optrim efficiency，优切尾效率Polled standard deviatio n,合并标准差Order statistics，顺序统计量Polled v

45、ariance，合并方差Ordered categories，有序分类Polygon,多边图Ordinal logistic regression，序数逻辑斯蒂回归Polynomial，多项式Ordinal variable，有序变量Polynomial curve，多项式曲线Orthogonal basis，正交基Population,总体Orthogonal design,正交试验设计Population attributable risk，人群归因危险度Orthogonality conditions，正交条件Positive correlatio n,正相关ORTHOPLAN,正交设计

46、Positively skewed，正偏Outlier cutoffs，离群值截断点Posterior distribution,后验分布Power of a test，检验效能Precision,精密度Predicted value，预测值Preliminary analysis，预备性分析Principal component analysis，主成分分析Prior distribution,先验分布Prior probability,先验概率Probabilistic model，概率模型probability，概率Probability density，概率密度Product mome

47、nt，乘积矩/协方差Profile trace,截面迹图Proportion,比/构成比Proportion allocation in stratified random sampling，按比例分 层随机抽样Proportionate，成比例Proportionate sub-class numbers,成比例次级组含量Prospective study,前瞻性调查Proximities,亲近性Pseudo F test，近似 F 检验Pseudo model,近似模型Pseudo sigma，伪标准差Purposive sampling,有目的抽样QQR decomposition, Q

48、R 分解Quadratic approximation,二 次近似Qualitative classificatio n,属性分类Qualitative method，定性方法Quantile-quantile plot，分位数-分位数图/Q-Q 图Quantitative analysis,定量分析Quartile，四分位数Quick Cluster，快速聚类RRadix sort，基数排序Random allocation,随机化分组Random blocks design，随机区组设计Random event，随机事件Randomizatio n,随机化Range,极差/全距Rank c

49、orrelation,等级相关Rank sum test，秩和检验Rank test，秩检验Ranked data，等级资料Rate,比率8Ratio,比例Raw data，原始资料Raw residual,原始残差Rayleighs test，雷氏检验Rayleighs Z,雷氏 Z 值Reciprocal,倒数Reciprocal transformation,倒数变换Recording，记录Redescending estimators，回降估计量Reducing dimensions，降维Re-expression,重新表达Reference set，标准组Region of acce

50、ptance,接受域Regression coefficient，回归系数Regression sum of square，回归平方和Rejection point,拒绝点Relative dispersion,相对离散度Relative number,相对数Reliability，可靠性Reparametrization,重新设置参数Replication,重复Report Summaries,报告摘要Residual sum of square,剩余平方和Resistance,耐抗性Resistant line,耐抗线Resistant technique，耐抗技术R-estimator

51、of location,位置 R 估计量R-estimator of scale，尺度 R 估计量Retrospective study,回顾性调查Ridge trace，岭迹Ridit analysis , Ridit 分析Rotatio n,旋转Rounding,舍入Row,行Row effects，行效应Row factor，行因素RXC table, RXC 表SSample,样本Sample regression coefficient,样本回归系数Sample size，样本量Sample standard deviatio n,样本标准差Sampling error，抽样误差SA

52、S(Statistical analysis system ),SAS 统计软件包Scale,尺度/量表Scatter diagram，散点图Schematic plot，示意图/简图Score test，计分检验Screening,筛检SEASON,季节分析Second derivative,二阶导数Second principal component，第二主成分SEM (Structural equation modeling)，结构化方程模型Semi-logarithmic graph,半对数图Semi-logarithmic paper，半对数格纸Sensitivity curve,敏

53、感度曲线Sequential analysis，贯序分析Sequential data set,顺序数据集Sequential design,贯序设计Sequential method,贯序法Sequential test，贯序检验法Serial tests，系列试验Short-cut method，简捷法Sigmoid curve, S 形曲线Sign function,正负号函数Sign test，符号检验Signed rank，符号秩Significance test，显著性检验Significant figure，有效数字Simple cluster sampling，简单整群抽样Si

54、mple correlation,简单相关Simple random sampling,简单随机抽样Simple regression,简单回归simple table，简单表Sine estimator,正弓玄Single-valued estimate,单值估计Singular matrix,奇异矩阵Skewed distribution,偏斜分布Skewness,偏度Slash distribution,斜线分布Slope,斜率Smirnov test,斯米尔诺夫检验Source of variation,变异来源Spearman rank correlation,斯皮尔曼等级相关Spe

55、cific factor,特殊因子Specific factor variance,特殊因子方差Spectra ,频谱Spherical distribution,球型正态分布Spread,展布SPSS(Statistical package for the social science), SPSS 统计软件包Spurious correlation,假性相关Square root transformation,平方根变换Stabilizing variance,稳定方差Standard deviation,标准差Standard error,标准误Standard error of dif

56、ference,差别的标准误Standard error of estimate,标准估计误差Standard error of rate,率的标准误Standard normal distribution,标准正态分布Standardization,标准化Starting value,起始值Statistic,统计量Statistical control,统计控制Statistical graph,统计图Statistical inference,统计推断Statistical table,统计表Steepest descent,最速下降法Stem and leaf display,茎叶图S

57、tep factor,步长因子Stepwise regression,逐步回归Storage,存Strata,层(复数)Stratified sampling,分层抽样Stratified sampling,分层抽样Strength,强度Stringency,严密性Structural relationship,结构关系Studentized residual,学生化残差/t化残差Sub-class numbers,次级组含量Subdividing,分割Sufficient statistic,充分统计量Sum of products,积和Sum of squares,离差平方和Sum of

58、squares about regression,回归平方和Sum of squares between groups,组间平方和Sum of squares of partial regression,偏回归平方和Sure event,必然事件Survey,调查Survival,生存分析Survival rate,生存率Suspended root gram,悬吊根图Symmetry,对称Systematic error,系统误差Systematic sampling,系统抽样Tags,标签Tail area,尾部面积Tail length,尾长Tail weight,尾重Tangent l

59、ine,切线Target distribution,目标分布Taylor series,泰勒级数Test(检验)Test of linearity,线性检验Tendency of dispersion,离散趋势Testing of hypotheses,假设检验Theoretical frequency,理论频数Time series,时间序列Tolerance interval,容忍区间Tolerance lower limit,容忍下限Tolerance upper limit,容忍上限Torsion,扰率Total sum of square,总平方和Total variation,总变

60、异Transformation,转换Treatment,处理Trend,趋势Trend of percentage,百分比趋势Trial,试验Trial and error method,试错法Tuning constant,细调常数Two sided test,双向检验Two-stage least squares,二阶最小平方Two-stage sampling,二阶段抽样Two-tailed test,双侧检验Two-way analysis of variance,双因素方差分析Two-way table,双向表Type I error, 一类错误/a错误Type II error,二

61、类错误/0错误UMVU,方差一致最小无偏估计简称Unbiased estimate,无偏估计Unconstrained nonlinear regression ,无约束非线性回归Unequal subclass number,不等次级组含量Ungrouped data,不分组资料Uniform coordinate,均匀坐标Uniform distribution,均匀分布Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimate, 方差一致最小无偏估计Unit,单元Vague concept,模糊概念Validity,有效性VARCOMP (Variance c