句子翻译四分译与扩展

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1、翻译技巧与实践之八翻译技巧与实践之八分译与扩展分译与扩展v分译分译 是指把英语句子中的一部分拆离出来，译成是指把英语句子中的一部分拆离出来，译成汉语的一个单独成分，如词组、短语、子句甚至独汉语的一个单独成分，如词组、短语、子句甚至独立的句子。立的句子。v目的：目的：使译文完整再现原作的含义；使译文完整再现原作的含义；使译文合乎汉语的语序安排和表达习惯。使译文合乎汉语的语序安排和表达习惯。v类型：类型：词义分译词义分译词或短语脱句单译词或短语脱句单译从句与主句分离，单独成句从句与主句分离，单独成句v“一拖二一拖二”例例1 But this naval competition strained t

2、he Liberal Governments principles as well as their budgets.但是，这种海军竞赛使自由党政府的但是，这种海军竞赛使自由党政府的原则无法自圆其说原则无法自圆其说，也使其也使其预算捉襟见肘预算捉襟见肘。例例2 Do not apply body lotions or perfumes while wearing silk garment;chemicals are harmful to silk.穿丝绸服装不宜穿丝绸服装不宜抹润肤露抹润肤露、洒香水洒香水之类，化学产品对丝之类，化学产品对丝绸有害。绸有害。两个词，分别搭配两个词，分别搭配词语搭

3、配的分译词语搭配的分译v一个搭配对象，但含义需要分解扩展一个搭配对象，但含义需要分解扩展例例1 And a growing minority of western intellectuals agreed.越来越多的越来越多的西方知识分子当时接受这种看法，西方知识分子当时接受这种看法，虽然从数虽然从数量上来说，他们仍是少数量上来说，他们仍是少数。例例2 Nixon was greatly impressed by Stassens firm handshake.史塔生紧紧和他握手史塔生紧紧和他握手，尼克松，尼克松对这一点对这一点印象深刻。印象深刻。例例3 The children have o

4、utgrown their garments.孩子们孩子们长大了，原先的衣服穿不上了长大了，原先的衣服穿不上了。词语搭配的分译词语搭配的分译v例例1 The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.v中国人似乎为他们的经济成就感到自豪，中国人似乎为他们的经济成就感到自豪，这是无可非议的这是无可非议的。（副词的分译）（副词的分译）v例例2 It was vain that the old lady asked her if she was aware she was speaking to Miss Pink

5、erton.v老太太问她明不明白对她说话的不是别人，是平克顿小姐。老太太问她明不明白对她说话的不是别人，是平克顿小姐。这话毫无效力这话毫无效力。（形容词的分译）。（形容词的分译）v例例3 They,not surprisingly,did not respond at all.v他们根本没有答复，他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的这是不足为奇的。（副词的分译）。（副词的分译）词语脱句分译词语脱句分译v例例4 The computer can give Mary the right lesson for her：neither too fast nor too slow.v计算机能给玛丽上课，计算

6、机能给玛丽上课，上得恰倒好处上得恰倒好处，既不太快也不太慢。，既不太快也不太慢。（形容词的分译）（形容词的分译）v例例5 At present,people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.v现在人们都倾向于采取一种不偏不倚的态度来回答问题，因现在人们都倾向于采取一种不偏不倚的态度来回答问题，因为为这样做安全而不招风险这样做安全而不招风险。（名词的分译）。（名词的分译）v例例6 He stalked away,but with a gnawing uncertainty in his breast.

7、v他昂首阔步地走了，心里半信半疑，他昂首阔步地走了，心里半信半疑，感到十分苦恼感到十分苦恼。（分词。（分词的分译）的分译）词语脱句分译词语脱句分译v虚拟语气暗含某种假设虚拟语气暗含某种假设v例例1 A Britain outside the EU would suffer economically.v英国英国假如假如脱离欧盟，将会蒙受严重的经济损失。脱离欧盟，将会蒙受严重的经济损失。v例例2 A movie of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving a rifle.v要是要是把我冲出单人掩体的情景拍成电影把我冲出单人掩

8、体的情景拍成电影的话的话，可以发现我的，可以发现我的速度犹如出膛的子弹一样快。速度犹如出膛的子弹一样快。v特殊表达方式，需拆离，增词完善结构特殊表达方式，需拆离，增词完善结构v例例1 His addition complete the list.v 把他把他的名字的名字添上添上，名单就完备了。，名单就完备了。v例例2 She inspected the table for dust with her finger.v她伸出一个手指抹了一下桌子，她伸出一个手指抹了一下桌子，看看有没有灰尘看看有没有灰尘。词语脱句分译词语脱句分译例例1 I went to a pet shop and the ma

9、n there happened to have two cats for sale at a thousand roubles each.我去了一家宠物店，店里有个人正好有两只猫要买，我去了一家宠物店，店里有个人正好有两只猫要买，每只每只要价要价1，000卢布卢布。例例2 For all its great size,the machine moves noiselessly.尽管这台机器体积很大尽管这台机器体积很大，运转起来却没有噪声。，运转起来却没有噪声。例例3 He is too ill to have been anywhere but in bed.他病得太厉害，他病得太厉害，不能

10、行走只能呆在床上不能行走只能呆在床上。（分译动词不定。（分译动词不定式和介词短语）式和介词短语）例例4 There are many kinds of atoms,differing in both mass and properties.原子的种类很多，原子的种类很多，其质量与性质都不同其质量与性质都不同。短语的分译短语的分译v例例5 He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally.v他来到华盛顿，他来到华盛顿，就国际形势来看就国际形势来看，时机正合适时机正合适。v例例6 Their power increased with

11、 their number.v他们人数增加了他们人数增加了，力量也随之增强。，力量也随之增强。v例例7 He had left a note of welcome for me,as sunny as his face.v他留下一封短信对我表示欢迎，他留下一封短信对我表示欢迎，那封信写得热情洋溢，一如那封信写得热情洋溢，一如其人其人。v例例8 Sometimes,to his delight,he was allowed to take short trips outside the small town.v有时他还可以离开小镇到外面走一走，有时他还可以离开小镇到外面走一走，这使他感到很欣喜这

12、使他感到很欣喜。短语的分译短语的分译v定语从句的分译定语从句的分译v例例1 After the war,his friend got him a job as an instructor in an Army training school that paid$10,000 a year.v大战结束后，他的朋友介绍他到一所军事训练学校去任教，大战结束后，他的朋友介绍他到一所军事训练学校去任教，年薪一万元年薪一万元。v例例2 Just then the fish gave a sudden lurch that pulled the old man down onto the bow.v正在这当

13、儿，那条大鱼突然把船车的晃荡了一下，正在这当儿，那条大鱼突然把船车的晃荡了一下，老头儿给老头儿给拖得倒向船头那边去拖得倒向船头那边去。v例例3 It seems to me that there are two causes,of which one goes much deeper than the other.v我认为原因有二，我认为原因有二，而两者之间又有明显的深浅之分而两者之间又有明显的深浅之分。从句的分译从句的分译v同位语（从句）的分译同位语（从句）的分译v例例1 Winston Churchill,today an idealised hero of history,was in

14、his time variously considered a bombastic blunderer,an unstable politicianv温斯顿温斯顿丘吉尔今天是一个被理想化了的历史英雄丘吉尔今天是一个被理想化了的历史英雄，但当时却被，但当时却被看成各种各样的人物：爱唱高调但常犯错误的人、摇摆不定的看成各种各样的人物：爱唱高调但常犯错误的人、摇摆不定的政客政客v例例2 So far there is no proof that UFOs or spaceships from other planets do exist.v究竟有没有不明飞行物或来自其他行星的宇宙飞船究竟有没有不明飞

15、行物或来自其他行星的宇宙飞船，迄今为止，迄今为止尚无法证实。尚无法证实。vThe statement that most people are for this proposal is confirmed by a survey conducted recently.v多数人支持这项提议多数人支持这项提议，这种说法从最近做的一项调查中得到证，这种说法从最近做的一项调查中得到证实。实。从句的分译从句的分译v顺序法顺序法v例例1 Your refusal of such a good offer/was very foolish.v这样一个好建议你竟然不采纳，真是遇蠢透了。这样一个好建议你竟然不采

16、纳，真是遇蠢透了。v例例2 At the slightest improvement in my work/they would show warm approval.v我工作稍有改进，他们就热情肯定。我工作稍有改进，他们就热情肯定。v例例3 The shark swung over/and the old man saw his eye was not alive/and then he swung over once again,/wrapping himself in two loops of the rope.v鲨鱼在海里翻滚过来。老头儿看见它的眼珠已经没有生气鲨鱼在海里翻滚过来。老头

17、儿看见它的眼珠已经没有生气了，但是它又翻滚了一下，滚得自己给绳子缠了两道。了，但是它又翻滚了一下，滚得自己给绳子缠了两道。长句的分译长句的分译v逆序法（换序法）逆序法（换序法）v例例1 It was certain that man will eventually solve the riddle of UFO.v人类最后必将解开不明飞行物之谜。人类最后必将解开不明飞行物之谜。这一点是可以肯定的这一点是可以肯定的。v例例2 The earths revolution around the sun is known to all of us.v我们都知道我们都知道，地球绕太阳运行。（或者：地球绕

18、着太阳转，地球绕太阳运行。（或者：地球绕着太阳转，这是众所周知的。）这是众所周知的。）v例例3 The heaviest load on his mind,/after his conversation with the slave trader,/lay in the foreseen necessity/of breaking to his wife the arrangement contemplated.v自从跟那个奴隶贩子谈过以后，他就预料到必需把原先谈妥自从跟那个奴隶贩子谈过以后，他就预料到必需把原先谈妥了的事告诉妻子，而一想到这一点，他心里就苦恼极了。了的事告诉妻子，而一想到这一

19、点，他心里就苦恼极了。长句的分译长句的分译v分译法分译法v例例1 Your refusal of such a good offer was very foolish.v这样一个好建议你竟然不采纳，真是遇蠢透了。这样一个好建议你竟然不采纳，真是遇蠢透了。v例例2 Kuntas home-training had been so strict that,it seemed to him,his every move drew BIntas irritated finger-snappingif,indeed he wasnt grabbed and soundly whipped.v昆塔所受的家

20、教是非常严格的。在他看来，自己的每一个动作昆塔所受的家教是非常严格的。在他看来，自己的每一个动作都会引起宾塔的怒火，即使不是把他一把抓住，痛抽几鞭。都会引起宾塔的怒火，即使不是把他一把抓住，痛抽几鞭。v例例3 They were forced to put forward an alternative of separate development for all races in this socalled homelands,with a promise of eventual independence for the Africans in these areas.v他们不得不变换一下花

21、样，提出一个所谓的家园本土上分别发他们不得不变换一下花样，提出一个所谓的家园本土上分别发展各个民族，并且许愿在这些地区，非洲人最终会取得独立。展各个民族，并且许愿在这些地区，非洲人最终会取得独立。长句的分译长句的分译小结小结v数法并用数法并用v透彻分析、理解，恰当运用方法透彻分析、理解，恰当运用方法综合法综合法v1、A mans religion is the chief fact with regard to him.v2、This was an intelligently organized and fervent meeting in a packed Town Hall,with Mr

22、.Strong in the Chair.v3、To be allowed to speak out is one of the democratic principles to be observed.v4、He sat in the front row,with his mouth half open,his head thrust forward so as not to miss any word.v5、He tried vainly to talk us into agreement with the unrealistic proposal.v6、She was pardonabl

23、y proud of her wonderful cooking.v7、One problem in trying to discuss my reporting is its sheer volume.v8、Modest,unassuming,easy to approach,Premier Zhou soon put everyone there completely at ease.作作 业业 v1、A mans religion is the chief fact with regard to him.v看一个人看一个人，主要是看他的宗教信仰。，主要是看他的宗教信仰。v2、This w

24、as an intelligently organized and fervent meeting in a packed Town Hall,with Mr.Strong in the Chair.v这是一次精心组织起来的会议，这是一次精心组织起来的会议，城市大厅济济一堂城市大厅济济一堂，斯特朗斯特朗先生主持了这次会议先生主持了这次会议。v3、To be allowed to speak out is one of the democratic principles to be observed.v允许别人讲话允许别人讲话，这是一个应该遵循的民主原则。，这是一个应该遵循的民主原则。v4、He

25、 sat in the front row,with his mouth half open,his head thrust forward so as not to miss any word.v他坐在前排，他坐在前排，半张着嘴，伸长脖子半张着嘴，伸长脖子惟恐听漏一字。惟恐听漏一字。作作 业业 讲讲 解解 v5、He tried vainly to talk us into agreement with the unrealistic proposal.v他试图劝说我们同意接受这项不切实际的建议，他试图劝说我们同意接受这项不切实际的建议，但但还是白费还是白费了力气了力气。v6、She was

26、 pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking.v她自夸她有高超的烹调技艺，她自夸她有高超的烹调技艺，这是情有可原的这是情有可原的。v7、One problem in trying to discuss my reporting is its sheer volume.v我的报告篇幅特长，要对它进行讨论，我的报告篇幅特长，要对它进行讨论，这就成了一个问题这就成了一个问题。v8、Modest,unassuming,easy to approach,Premier Zhou soon put everyone there completely at ease.v周总理是那样谦虚，随和，平易近人周总理是那样谦虚，随和，平易近人，使大家很快无拘无束，使大家很快无拘无束了。了。作作 业业 讲讲 解解