英语常用前后缀

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1、志存高远 天下为先常用前后缀21*前 缀*a?，an?无，不，非 astable不稳定的 acentric无中心的含有in,on,at,by,with,to等意义asleep在熟睡中 ahead向前ab? 脱离 abnormal不正常的 abaxial离开轴心的anti? 反抗 antiwar反战的 anti?imperialist反帝的auto? 自动，自己 autobiography自传 autostable自动稳定be? 使加强 belittle使缩小 befriend友好相待bi? 二，双 biweekly双周刊 biligual两种语言的co,col,com,con,cor 共同 c

2、ooperation协作 collaboration协作，勾结 combine联合,correlation相互关系counter?,contra? 反，对应 counteraction反作用 contrast对比,对照di?,dif?,dis? 否定，相反 diffident不自信的 dislike不喜欢en,em? 使 enlarge扩大 enable使能 empower使有权力e?,ex? 外，出 external外部的 erupt喷出extra? 以外，超过 extraordinary格外的 extrasolar太阳系以外的hyper? 在上，超 hyperfrequency超高频 hy

3、personic超声的il?,im?,in?,ir? 否定 illogical不合逻辑的 impossible不可能的 invisible不可见irrational不合理的inter? 互相 interchange交换 interlock连锁intra?,intro? 在内，内部 intrapersonal个人内心的 introspect内省mal? 恶，不良 maltreat虐待 malfunction机能失常micro? 微 microscrope显微镜 microware微波mid? 中，中间 mid?air半空中 midstream中流mini? 小 minibus小公共汽车 mini

4、state小国mis? 错，坏 mistake错误 misspell拼错multi? 多 multiparty多党的 multilingual多种语言的non? 否定 nonsmoker不抽烟的人 nonexistent不存在的out? 超过，过度，外，出，除去outgo走得比远 outgrow长得太大 outdoor户外的 outroot除根over? 上，过度 overwork工作过度 overbridge天桥post? 后 postwar战后 postnatal诞生后的pre? 前，领先 prewar战前的 prefix前缀re? 回，再 return返回 restart重新开始semi

5、? 半 semicircle半圆 semiconductor半导体sub?,suc?,suf?,sup? 次，亚，在下，低于substandard低于标准规格的 succeed继承 suffix后缀 supplement增补trans 转换，变换，横过，越过 transmit传送 transatlantic横渡大西洋的tri? 三 tricar三轮车 triangle三角(形)un? 否定 unstable不稳定的 unknown未知的under下，内(指衣服)，不足underground地下的 underskirt衬裙 underpay付资不足uni? 单一 uniform均匀的 unipo

6、lar单极的*后 缀*able,?ible 可的，能的 readable可读的 sensible可觉察的age 表状态，性质，行为 breakage破损 shortage缺乏al (adj?)具有性质的，如的 personal个人的 regional地区的al (n?)表动作，人，事物 proposal提案 professional专业人员ance,?ence 表状态，行为，性质 importance重要性 confidence自信ancy,?ency 表状态，行为，性质 constancy一惯性 urgency紧迫性ant,?ent 表人，物，行为 applicant申请人 correspo

7、ndent通信者arian 表各种年龄，派别，主义，职业的人humanitarian人道主义的 utilitarian功利主义者crat 支持，参与者 democrat民主人士 bureaucrat官僚dom 表性质，状态，行为 freedom自由 wisdom智慧ee 表动物的承受者 employee雇员 trainee受训练的人eer 从事的人 pioneer开拓者 volunteer志愿者en (v?)使变成 harden使硬 shorten使短en (adj?)有质的，似的 golden金色的 woolen毛的er,?or 表人，物 singer歌唱家 survivor幸存者ery 表

8、状态，性质，行为，活动地点 nursery托儿所 robbery掠夺 slavery奴隶身份ese 某国(地)的，某国(地)的人及语言Chinese中国人(汉语) Portuguese葡萄牙人(语)ess 表女性，雌性 hostess女主人 actress女演员ful 充满的，具有性质的 cupful一满杯 fearful可怕的hood 表身份，状况，性质 neighborhood邻里 manhood男子气概ic,?ical 类似的，具有的 heroic英雄般的 logical合逻辑的ify 使成，使化 magnify放大 purify提纯ion,?tion 表情况，状态，性质，行为 fash

9、ion时髦 decision决定ish 似的，有的 selfish自私的 childish儿童般的ism 表示主义，行为，学，派 realism现实主义 tourism旅游 fatalism宿命论 modernism现代派ist 从事工作的人 socialist社会主义者 dentist牙科医生ity 表行为，性质，状态 unity团结一致 maturity成熟性ive 有性质的，有作用的，属于 protective保护的 productive生产的active积极主动的ize,?ise,?yze,?yse 以方式对待，化 realize实现 analyze分析 modernize现代化les

10、s 没有的 fearless无畏的 useless无用的let 小 booklet小册子 leaflet传单like 有性质的，像的 dreamlike梦一般的 humanlike像人类的logy 论，研究 biology生物学 technology技术ly 如的，有特性的 manly男子气的 lovely可爱的ment 表行为，状态，性质 movement运动 management管理ness 表状态，性质 darkness黑暗 kindness仁慈ous,?eous,?ious 充满的 dangerous危险的 famous著名的ship 表状况，状态，身份，技艺，技能 hardship苦

11、难 doctorship博士学位workmanship手艺，工艺some 像的，引起的 troublesome讨厌的 lonesome孤独的ster 表示人 youngster年轻人 gangster歹徒ward(s) 表方向 upward(s)向上 outward(s)向外y (n?)表状态，性质，行为 difficulty困难 victory胜利(adj?)充满，包含 hairy 多毛发的 irony钢铁般的英语单词的常用记忆法学习英语最常遇到的问题，便是词汇不足。词汇不足的人在英文听、说、读、写各方面的能力都会受到严重限制。所以词汇量的多少在英语学习中占有重要地位。很多英语学习者认为背单

12、词是件既吃力，又往往成效不高的苦差事。实际上，若能采用适当的方法，是可以缩短扩大词汇量所需的时间，并且提高记忆单词的质量。下面我们就介绍五种单词记忆法。一、结合记忆法 将比较生疏、不常用的单词放入一定的语言环境-句子中，结合句意来记忆单词。遇到此单词时，若词义忘记，则可通过回忆所在句子的意思来记忆单词。例如： critical adj. 批评（性）的，吹毛求疵的 I dont like people who are too critical about everything 我不喜欢对每件事都太吹毛疵的人。 紧要的，关键的；危急的 His condition is reported as be

13、ing据报告他的情况非常危急。通过此法来掌握词汇，既有助于记住单词本身的拼写、拼读，又可同时熟悉词的词义、词性、用法和搭配，比孤立地背记单词效果要好。二、同类记忆法?将同类词汇收集在一起，同时背记。注意，同类词汇与同义词不同：同义词是指意思相同，而同类词是指基本属性相同、具体意义的层次，级别或范围不同的一类词汇。如headmaster和principal是同义词，都表示，“中小学校长”；president和chancellor是同义词，都表示“大专院校校长”。这两组词是同类词汇，都表示“校长”，但具体级别不同，所以两组词不是同义词。 ?再如bachelor（学士）、master（硕士）,doc

14、tor (博士）三个词都表示学位授予的情况，但具体级别不同，所以这三个词也是一组同类词汇。 这样，将同类词汇放在一起记忆，当遇到其中一个词时，头脑中出现的就是一组词，效率大大提高了。三、比较记忆法 ?同义词或形似词放在一起，加以区别、说明来掌握单词的方法。记忆的过程是一组组，一对对单词同时记忆。这种记忆方法可以记住单词拼写的同时，还掌握了词与词的区别和各自特殊的用法，于是将平时极易混淆的单词清楚地区别开。例如： 同义词admit和confess均表示承认。 ?但confess，含有坦白、忏悔的意思，而admit却无此意。admit除含有承认之意外，还含有允许，接纳的意思。 ?acquire、i

15、nquire、require是三个形似词，拼写很相似，但意思却完全不同：acquire（取得，获得）。 inquire（打听，查询）、require（需要，要求，命令）。四、构词法记忆法通过掌握构词法来记忆单词。英语主要有三种构词法：1. 转化，即由一个词类转化为另一个词类。例如： picture(n.)画picture(v.)描绘 water(n.)水-water(v.)浇水 ?2. 派生，即通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词，例如： happy-unhappy（加前缀）happiness（加后缀） ?3. 合成，即由两个或更多的词合成一个词。例如： wood（木）cut（刻）-woodcut（木

16、刻） pea(豌豆)nuts（坚果）- peanut（花生） ?这种记忆法可以将具有同一基本意义的不同词性或具有相反意义的一系列单词同时记忆，使不同单词的词义、词性不易混淆。常见的英语同义词组在学习英语词汇中，有时同义词的辨析是很不容易的，我们一般从三方面进行区分，即：语法、语义和文体。语法主要是词性、搭配、句式等的区分；语义主要是词义的本义、引申义、比喻义和内涵和外延等的区分；文体主要是正式和非正式、褒义和贬义等的区分。下面是笔者整理的50组同义词。1. 路 2. 时代 3. 战斗 4. 牧师 5. 服装 6. 哭 7. 美丽,漂亮 8. 拉,拖 9. 旋转 10. 生气,气愤 11. 错误

17、 12. 图画 13. 特别的 14. 取消,消灭 15.破碎 16. 环境,形势 17. 著名的 18. 强盗 19. 摇动,颤动 20. 说话,谈话 21. 事情,事件 22. 承认 23. 走路 24. 跳 25. 特点,特征1.路way: Wherever there is room for an object to proceed, there is a way.road: A road is a prepared way for traveling with horses or vehicles.path: A way suitable to be traveled only by

18、 foot passengers or by animals.route: A route is a line of travel, and may be over many roads.street: A street is in some centre of habitation, as a city town or village, when it passes between houses of dwellings.avenue: A avenue is a long, broad and imposing( 壮严) or principal street.2.时代(期) (时期)pe

19、riod: It indicates any passage of time, great or small. /an extent of time of any length.(时代)time(s): It refers to a period in history. in ancient times/ in Victoria time (新时代)epoch: It indicates a long period of time marked by events or development of a particular kind.The first flight into space m

20、arked a new epoch in the history of mankind.(纪元)era: It refers to a very long period of time marked by a particular feature in a great new era of world revolution(时期)age: It shows a particular /a fairly definite period in history. the Bronze Age, Iron Age3.战斗 (打仗)fight: It is a bodily struggle (奋斗 斗

21、争)struggle: An effort of any kind to overcome difficulty.(战斗) battle: A fight between armed forces.(战役) campaign: A series of related military operations in a war.(战争) war: A period of fight between countries or states whenweapons are used and many people are killed.(对抗) combat: A fight, conflict, c

22、ontroversy.4.牧师 (教士 牧师)priest: A person, esp. a man specially trained for various religious duties and ceremonies, in the Christian church, esp. in the Roman Catholic church(牧师) minister: A member of clergy, esp. Protestant churches.(牧师) clergy(pl): The officially appointed leader of the religious a

23、ctivities of a particular church or temple.clergyman: clergymen(pl) a member of clergy.(牧师) pastor: A Christian religious leader in charge of a church and its members, esp. in a Protestant church.(教区牧师) vicar: A priest in charge of an area(parish) in the church of England.father: A little of respect

24、 for a priest, esp. in the Roman Catholic.5.服装clothing(collect): (fml) General term of clothes.clothes(no single): Coverings of the body such as coats,dresses, suits, shoes, hats.garment(fl): A suit of clothes used by actors./a single article of clothing.costume: 1) The fashion of dress peculiar to

25、a people, nation, class, period, etc.2) A dress worn by actors in a play. uniform: worn by all members of the community.dress: 1) A kind of outer garment worn by women (连衣裙).2) worn on special occasions (礼服) evening dress/ morning dresssuit: A set of outer clothes to be worn together. evening suit/s

26、wimming suitcoat: A garment with sleeves worn on top of other clothes from rain, heat, etc.overcoat: A warn coat worn in the street.6.哭cry: The most general one.(哭泣) weep: To let flow tears.(抽泣 抽嗒) sob: To weep or sigh with short quick breaths.(哭天抹泪 涕泪交流) snivel: To sniffle and cry in a irritating m

27、anner.(哭嚎 又哭又闹) blubber: To cry loudly noisily.(发出低声报怨声) whine: To make a low complaining cry.(嚎哭) bawl: To utter loud cries (always in bad sense).(痛哭) wail: To cry aloud from pain or sorrow.(呻吟) moan: To make a low, miserable sound in pain or sorrow.(呻吟) grown: To make a low sound of pain, unhappin

28、ess or disapproval(哀悼) mourn: To feel or show sadness or sorrow for someone who has died.(哀悼) lament: To express great sorrow or regret.7.美丽 漂亮good-looking: Having an attractive appearance in a strong, healthy way used for men and women not things.beautiful: ( a woman or a thing) Suggesting symmetry

29、 of features or perfection of proportion, elegance and mobility. beautiful flowers, a beautiful girl/voice/city/face beautiful weather.handsome: Of attractive appearance applies to men. a handsome fellow/actor/horse/buildings/young man.pretty: (a girl, or a small thing) Suggesting liveliness and swe

30、etness, pleasing or nice to look at. a pretty little woman/garden, a pretty girl/ picture/piece of music,lovely: (something) So beautiful that it makes you feel good to look at it or even to think about it. The garden looks lovely.fair: Beautiful( of woman in poet) light in color esp., skin hair.gor

31、geous: (persons or things) (inf) Extremely beautiful or handsome.8.拉 拖pull: The most general one.draw: It implies a smoother, steadier motion and generally a lighter force than pull.drag: It usually refers to horizontal motion or motion up an incline (slope) and it suggests laborious efforts over ro

32、ugh ground or against friction, resistance or gravity.The escaped prisoner was dragged out of his hiding place.haul: It implies continuous pulling or dragging of heavy or bulky objects.The fisherman is hauling a net.tug: It applies to hard often sudden violent effort to pull.He tugged at my sleeve t

33、o ask directions.jerk: To pull suddenly.He jerked out the knife that was stuck in the wound.tow: To pull by a rope or chain. We towed the car to the nearest garage.wrench: To pull hard with a twisting or turning movement.9.旋转 turn: The most general one.(自转) spin: To turn quickly around a central poi

34、nt.It emphasizes the continuity of the action, and usually the narrow extent of the circular motion.The wheel is spinning on its axis.(急转) whirl: To round very fast.It implies the lock of conscious control.The leaves whirl in the wind in the yard.(转动) rotate: To turn round a fixed point with a circu

35、lar movement.The earth rotates once every 24 hours.(绕转) revolve: To turn or move in a circle around a central point.It indicates circular or elliptical (椭圆) movement.The planets revolve around the sun.10.生气 气愤anger: The most general one.(易怒) be cross: Feeling easy to get angry.(愤慨) indignation: (fml

36、) Anger.It stresses righteous anger at what one considers unfair, mean or shameful.We expressed our indignation at the ruthless exploitation.(愤怒) wrath: Very treat anger. (literary)It suggests a desire on intent to revenge or punish.(狂怒) rage: Wild, violent anger.It suggests loss of self- control fr

37、om violence of emotion. in a rage /to fall into a rage.(暴怒) fury: Violent, extreme and destructive anger.She flew into a fury.11.错误(误会) mistake: A wrong thought, act. It implies carelessness Anyone can make a mistake.(过错 弱点) fault: A bad point, but not of a serious moral kind. It refers to behavior

38、and character. His only fault is that he lacks ambition.find fault with sb / at fault shortcoming: Weakness, failingIt refers to failures or deficiencies in things as well as people.In spite of all her shortcomings I still think shes one of the best teachers in the school.(疏忽) error: A mistake (form

39、al sometimes literary)It implies deviation from a standard or modelThe accident was caused by human error.(缺点 毛病) defect: sth lacking or imperfect.It refers to quality.The radio was returned because of a defect.(失误 过失) blunder: A very stupid or unnecessary mistake.It implies ignorance.This is the fa

40、tal blunder of his life.12.图画picture: The most general one.(彩图) painting: pictures with color.(绘画 图画) drawing: A picture made with a pen, pencil and crayon. Sketch, diagrams and graphs are all drawings.(草图) sketch: A rough not detailed drawing.(图解 图表) diagram: A drawing, figure that shows the arrang

41、ement of something.(曲线图) graph: A diagram in which a straight line, curved, or zigzag line shows how two sets of numbers or measurements are related.(插图) illustration: A picture to go with words of a book.(图样 草图) draft: The first rough written form of anything.(平面图) plan: A line drawing of a buildin

42、g as it might been seen from above.(主视图) elevation: A flat upright side of a building.(海图) chart: A map esp. a detailed map of a sea area.13.特别(专门的,与众不同的) special: Different in some way from what is common, ordinary, or usual.It stresses having a quality, character, identity, or use of its own.The t

43、ube contains special gases.(特别的) especial: (fml) To an usually great degree, exceptionalIt emphasizes the importance of the things or the persons mentionedThis is a matter of especial importance.(各别的) particular: Relating or belonging to only one thing or person.It stresses the distinctness of somet

44、hing as an individual which is worth notice. In that particular case, the rule doesnt hold.(适用)(特种的) specific: Detailed and exact, clear in meaning and explanation, fixed, determined.(used in scientific articles)It implies a quality or character distinguishing a kind or a species.He gave me a very s

45、pecific instruction. There is a specific tool for each job.(独特的) peculiar: Strange or perhaps unpleasant.It implies strangeness. He has a peculiar way of speaking.14.取消 消灭(取消 解除) cancel: To give up, to declare something is to be effective.He has cancelled his leave of absence.(消假)(废除 废止) abolish: To

46、 do away with. It refers to practices, social institutions. Bad customs should be abolished.(消灭 排除) eliminate: To get rid of.We should eliminate the false and retain the true.(撤消 废除) repeal: To bring to an end of the effect of a law or an order. Some laws should be repealed.(根除 消灭) exterminate: To d

47、estroy completely and wholly.Colonialism must be exterminated.15.破碎break: The most general one.(压碎 压破) crush: To press together violently as to break, to destroy its shape by squeezing it. It suggests the effect of great external pressure.The tree fell on top of the car and crushed it.(打碎) smash: To

48、 break thoroughly to pieces with a crushing sound.She dropped the plate and smashed it.(打裂) crack: To break without separation of parts.It suggests the breaking out across a surface.He cracked the window by leaning against it.(破裂) burst: To break open by pressure from within.The fireworks burst whil

49、e they were in the air.(砸碎 破碎) shatter: To break into pieces.It suggests the breaking up of a thin surface.The glass was shattered to pieces.(撞坏) crash: To refer to the vehicle which hits something and is badly damaged.16.环境 形势(环境 形势) conditions: The location and other factors likely toaffect it. It

50、 suggests something that has stayed the same forsome time and which affects daily life such as food, work, and houses.We are now studying the economic conditions in the developing countries.(形势) situation: A position or state at a particular time, set of conditions, facts, and events having an effec

51、t on a person, society, etc.It suggests more general matters such as government planning and finance.The political situation in these countries are always changing.(环境 周围 外界) environment: The circumstances, things and conditions that influence you. It refers to spirit aspect, physical aspect andmate

52、rial aspect. We must try to beautify our environment.(形势 情况) circumstance(s): A situation or event around us, a certain kind of atmosphere, the conditions that affectwhat happens. in (under) the circumstances(环境 周围事物) surrounding(s): The area and environment around a place orperson. It indicates a v

53、ery narrow condition, physically sometimes reflects spiritual aspect.They lived in hostile surroundings.17.著名的well-known: (infl)famous: The most general one. widely known or honored.(杰出的 知名的) distinguished: Great, outstanding marked by excellent quality or deserved fame, used especially of people wh

54、o are famous for serious work in science, the arts etc.He was a distinguished writer.(驰名的) celebrated: Famous, (substitute for renowned)It refers objectively to sb or something that has been give acclaim or honoured with awards or prizes. She was a celebrated actress.renowned: Highly honored and fam

55、ous for something good. often refers to places or things, also It suggests something that has become legendary or is no longer available for an objective evaluation.Edison was renowned for his inventions.noted: Well-known and admiredIt often describes a more intellectual kind of effort and accomplis

56、hment indicating an authority or expert or their theories. Maybe it is not widelyknown to the general public. He was a very noted expert.(臭名昭著) notorious: Famous for something bad.He is notorious for his crimes.18.强盗thief: The most general one.(强盗) robber: It suggests a direct confrontation in which

57、 the owner is forced to give up his valuables.(行凶强劫) mugger: A person who attacks and robs people in a street or in a lift.burglar: A person who breaks into a house at night to steal something.(歹徒 暴徒) gangster: A member of a group of criminals, esp. those who arearmed and use guns to threaten.(匪徒) b

58、andit: an armed robber.It suggests an organized group in a rural setting.(土匪) brigand: A robber who lives by robbing travelers in the country.(海盗) pirate: A person who robs on the sea.19.摇动,颤动shake: The most general one. to move up and down or back and forth.It refers to persons or things.(发抖) quive

59、r: To tremble a little.It suggests a rapid but invisible vibration.His lips quivered with emotion.(颤抖) tremble: To shake uncontrollably and slightly as from fear, cold, excitement etc.It implies uneasiness and nervousness.Her voice trembled as she began to sing.(瞬间发抖) shiver: To tremble from fear or

60、 cold.It suggests a slight and rapid movement.He stood shivering in the snow.(极度颤动) quake: to shake or tremble violently.It suggests a more violent and sudden change.He quaked with excitement.An explosion cam make the ground quake.(抽筋般颤动) shudder: To shake uncontrollably for a movement.It suggests a

61、 more intense shaking.She shuddered at the sight of a snake.20.说话 谈话(说话)speak: To use your voice to say words.(说) say: To speak words.(发出声音) utter: To make sound and say words.drawl: To speak in a slow, prolonged manner.mutter: To express displeasure with compressed lips.rave: To talk in an angry, uncontrolled way.gabble: To talk rapidly, making inarticulate sounds.(谈论) remark: To mention it or comment on it.(陈述) state: To say, express or put into words, esp. formally.