一主系表结构课件

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1、一、主系表结构一、主系表结构【句型句型】SVSC(1)主语主语+be+表语表语(名词名词/代词代词)【用法用法】在本句型中，名词或代词作表语，名词或代词可带附加成分。要注意主谓一致和时态问题。Im a college student.It must be a grammar mistake人类居住的唯一家园是地球。The only home for man to live on is the earth.【句型句型】SVSC(2)主语主语+be+形形容词容词+(介词短语介词短语)be rich in,be busy with,be responsible for,be angry with,b

2、e different from,be fond of,be welcome to 中国自然资源丰富。China is rich in natural resources.你真糊涂，竟然相信他说的话。Its very foolish of you to believe what he said.【句型句型】SVSC(3)主语主语+be+现在分现在分词词 amusing(有趣的),boring(令人厌烦的),disappointing(令人失望的),charming(迷人的),inviting(引人注目的,吸引人的),comforting(令人鼓舞的),confusing(混淆的),exciti

3、ng(令人兴奋的),embarrassing(令人为难的),discouraging(令人气馁的),disturbing(烦扰的),fascinating(迷人的),interesting,surprising(惊人的),missing,promising(有前途的),puzzling(令人迷惑的),shocking(骇人听闻的),striking(引人注目的),pleasing(令人高兴的),touching(动人的)，worrying(令人担心的)等 这个小伙子真讨人喜欢。The young man is very charming.【句型句型】SVSC(4)主语主语+be+过去过去分词分

4、词+(介词短语介词短语)常见带介词about分词:excited,pleased,puzzled,shocked,worried.常见带介词at分词:amazed,disappointed,dissatisfied,amused,annoyed,astonished,delighted,excited,displeased,pleased,shocked,surprised.常见带介词against分词：arranged,prepared.常见带介词for分词：prepared,celebrated,pressed.常见带介词in分词：absorbed,dressed,celebrated,d

5、isappointed,delighted,lost,embarrassed,engaged,experienced,interested 常见带介词on分词：founded,based,bent,set 常见带介词to分词：devoted,lost,engaged,known,related,married.常见带介词with分词：excited,bored,delighted,disappointed,satisfied,displeased,dissatisfied,equipped,pleased 我不满意我们在那家旅馆受到的待遇。I wasnt satisfied with our

6、treatment at that hotel.我们要作好下一次考试的准备。We must be prepared for the next exam.受到你的来信，我非常高兴。Im very pleased to hear from you.他发现的情况使他十分惊讶。He was astonished at what he found.SVSC(5)主语主语+be+形容词形容词+不定式不定式 他很勇敢，闯进了那着火的房子。He was very brave to break into the burning building.他非常仔细,把每一个细节都核对过了。He was careful

7、enough to check up every detail.战争中的勇士愿意为国捐躯。The brave fighters at war were ready to die for their country.他下决心再也不见她了。He was determined not to see her any more.全世界人民都渴望和平。People all over the world were anxious to have peace.【句型句型】SVSC(6)主语主语+be+形形容词短语容词短语+不定式不定式 这些柱子(pillars)太细,支撑不住屋顶。These pillars

8、are too thin to carry the roof.这篇文章他翻译起来太难了。The article is too difficult for him to translate.他很富裕，买得起那辆豪华(luxury)车。He is rich enough to buy that luxury car.他不是傻子，他不会相信那种事。He was not so stupid as to believe that.他很容易相处。He is quite easy to get along with.他气得说不出话来。He was angry to say a word.【句型句型】SVSC

9、(7)主语主语+be+形形容词容词+that从句从句 我恐怕他不能来开会了。Im afraid that he wont be able to come to the meeting.他很高兴他得到了进入大学的机会。He was very glad that he had got the opportunity to go to college.我们决心把这项工作提前完成。We are determined that the work should be completed ahead of time.【句型句型】SVSC(8)主语主语+be+介介词短语词短语 那条铁路正在修建中。That r

10、ailway is under construction.李明的父亲失业四年了。Li Mings father has been out of work for four years.全班学生都反对这个计划。All the students in the class are against the plan 他们是同一国籍。They are of the same nationality.【句型句型】SVSC(9)主语主语+特殊连特殊连系动词系动词+表语表语 常见的“特殊连系动词”可分为三类：表示“变成某种状态”意义的系动词：become,come,fall,get,go,grow,make,

11、prove,run,shine,turn,turn out,wear,work.表示“保持某种状态”意义的系动词：continue,die,go,hold,keep,lie,live,remain,rest,return,sit,stand,stay 表示“自己感觉或令人感觉”意义的系动词：appear,feel,look,seem,smell,sound,taste。你的手摸起来很凉。Your hand feels cold.所有的树叶都变黄了。All the leaves have turned yellow.他们在讨论中全都保持沉默。They all remained silent in

12、 the discussion.二、主谓结构二、主谓结构 【句型句型】SV(1)There+be+主语主语+状状语语 桌上有盏灯，一本字典和几本笔记。There is a lamp,a dictionary and some notebooks on the table.近十天一直没有雨。There hasnt been any rain for ten days.【句型句型】SV(2)There+动词动词+主语主语+状语状语 在there+be结构中,谓语动词有时不用be而用：动词短语：seem to be(似乎),happen to be(碰巧有/碰巧是),be likely to be(

13、可能有/可能是),appear to be(似乎/看起来)used to be(曾经有)；不及物动词：live(生活有/住着),stand(伫立/站着),come,exist(存在),rise(升起),lie(位于/有),occur(发生/有),fly(飞),remain(仍/还有/保持)，stand(站/屹立),hang(挂着),rise(升起),run(流淌/行驶),occur(发生/出现)等。双方之间发生了一些误会。There occurred some misunderstanding between both sides.从前中国有一个国王。Once upon a time ther

14、e lived a king in China.似乎有个错误。There appears to be a mistake.【句型句型】SV(3)There+be+主主语语+定语定语 有许多家务要做。Theres plenty of housework to do.我们没有一个可说话的人。There was no one for us to talk to.有几个人我希望你见见面。There s some people Id like you to meet.当心，有辆车正在开过来。Look out!There is a car coming.【句型句型】SV(4)主语主语+不及物动不及物动词词

15、+(状语状语)在地平线上升起了一轮红日。A red sun is rising from under the horizon.这台机器运转得不正常。This machine is not running correctly.我在海滨居住已有三月。I have been living at the seaside for three months.【句型句型】SV(5)主语主语+动词短语动词短语+(状语状语)在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.191

16、9年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.有一些规则正在逐渐消失。Some of the rules are dying out gradually.【句型句型】SV(6)主语主语+不及物动不及物动词词+副词副词(状语状语)我们的产品在欧洲市场上非常畅销。Our products sell very well on the European market.这种不料很耐洗。This sort of cloth washes well.这种火柴很容易划着。The match lights easily

17、.这个计划进展顺利。The plan worked smoothly.【句型句型】SV(7)主语主语+不及物动不及物动词词+不定式不定式(状语状语)他大喊大叫以便引起大家的注意。He shouted so as to attract everybodys attention.他跑过去帮助受伤的人。He ran over to help the injured.她仔仔细细地抄写以免遗漏任何东西。She copied so carefully so as not to leave anything out.三、主谓宾结构三、主谓宾结构 【句型句型】SVO(1)主语主语+及物动词及物动词+名词名词/

18、代词代词 刚才是谁接的电话？Who answered the telephone just now?我简直不能相信我的眼睛。I just could not believe my eyes.他立即听出是他的声音。He immediately recognized his voice.警察抓住了火车上的小偷。The police caught the thief in the train.那位音乐家已收集了500多首民歌。The musician has collected over 500 folk songs 他们进行的一项科学实验很成功。They performed a scientifi

19、c experiment successfully.【句型句型】SVO(2)主语主语+及物动及物动词词+宾语宾语+状语状语 他把桌子推近窗户。He pushed the table nearer the window.她把她的婴儿抱在怀里。She carried her baby in her arms.我们跟随着化学老师进入办公室。We followed our chemistry teacher into his office.【句型句型】SVO(3)主语主语+及物动及物动词词+宾语宾语+不定式不定式 昨天晚上他们开了个晚会来庆祝他们的成功。They gave a party to cel

20、ebrate their success yesterday evening.他们学习英语是为了将来更好地工作。They study English in order to work better in the future.他买了一辆自行车给他儿子骑。He bought a bike for his son to ride.他每天做晨练，为的是增强体质。He does morning exercise every day so as to build up his body.【句型句型】SVO(3)主语主语+及物动词及物动词+可用作动词的名词可用作动词的名词 have+n.:a rest,a

21、 walk,a look,a bath,a drive,a ride,a nap,a share,a smoke,a try,a haircut,a good time take+n.:care,a breath,a turn,a notice,measures,a drive,a nap,a bath,a walk,a run,action,a step,an exam make+n.:progress,a telephone call,preparations,aneffort,a discovery,a promise,a change,a mistake,success.give+n.

22、:a ring,push,a pull,a kick,a smile,a cry,a try,a shout,a laugh,a call,a shock,a lead,touch,a talk,a welcome,a wash,a long sign,a nod,a clean,a blow do+n.:damage,service,work,exercise,a play,repairs 我将尽一切努力帮助他。I will make every effort to help him.昨夜风暴造成巨大损害。The storm did a lot of damage last night.现在

23、深呼吸，你就会感觉好一些。Now take a deep breath,and you will feel better.【句型句型】SVO(4)主语主语+短语动短语动词词+名词名词 ，介词仍须紧跟动词之后。常见的短语动词有：wait for,look after,listen to,depend on,call on,belong to,happen to,hear from,stick to,succeed in,hear of,think of等等。运动会的日期完全得看天气如何而定。The date of the sports meeting all depends on the wea

24、ther.有些学生总是渴望着放假。Some of the students are always longing for holidays.他终于克服了所有的困难。He succeeded in getting over all the difficulty.【句型句型】SVO(5)主语主语+及物动词及物动词+副词副词+名词名词 他们将把会议推迟到五天以后。They will put off the meeting till five days later.那个床占的面积太大。The bed takes up too much room.他们在英语课上编演了个对话。They made up a

25、 dialogue and acted it out in the English class.你最好把这一句话删去。Youd better leave out the sentence.他们最后实现了他们的计划。They carried out their plan at last.【句型句型】SVO(6)主语主语+及物动及物动词词+动词不定式动词不定式 父亲已经答应给儿子买一辆自行车作为生日礼物。The father has promised to buy a bike for his sun as a birthday present.他假装知道这件事的来龙去脉。He pretended

26、 to know everything about it.他本来打算和我们一道到西安去旅游。He intended to have joined us for the trip to Xi an.我可不是有意伤害她的感情。I didnt mean to hurt her feelings.每位学生都希望被大学录取。Each of the students wishes to be admitted into the university.他已下决心不再犯如此愚蠢的错误。He has decided never to make such a stupid mistake.【句型句型】SVO(7)

27、主语主语+及物动词及物动词+疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式 我不知道选哪个好。I wonder/dont know which to choose.我们将讨论一下如何解决这个问题。We will discuss how to solve the problem.我不知道该向谁求助。I dont know whom to turn to for help.我在考虑下步怎么办。Im thinking what to do next.他不知道讲话一开始该说什么好。He didnt know what to say at the beginning of his talk.【句型句型】SVO(8)主语主语

28、+及物动及物动词词+动名词动名词(短语短语)在本句型中，动名词作宾语。注意有些及物动词必须用动名词作宾语，常见的有：admit,cant help,advise,imagine,report,enjoy,include,resist,appreciate,escape,keep,risk,consider,mention,excuse,mind,stop,defend,face,miss,suffer,pardon,suggest,delay,finish,practice,understand,describe,forbid,prevent,forgive等。有些及物动词用动名词或不定式均可

29、，但用法有区别。常见的有：like,love,hate,prefer,regret,fear,begin,start,continue,try,bear,forget,remember,attempt,need,mean等。你必须在课外练习说英语。You must practice speaking English out of class.他最后承认杀害了他的妻子。He admitted killing his wife at last.我的家庭作业真难免出错。I can hardly avoid making mistakes in my homework.他建议出去走走。He sugge

30、sted going out for a walk.我们恭候佳音。We shall appreciate hearing from you again.我记不起以前在什么地方见过他。I dont remember seeing him anywhere before.【句型句型】SVO(9)主语主语+want等等+动名词动名词(短语短语)在本句型中，谓语动词是want(需要),need(需要),require(需要)，宾语是动名词，均有被动意义，一般等于动词不定式的被动式(to be done)，表示主语是动名词动作的承受者。他的发音需要改进。His pronunciation wants i

31、mproving.玻璃杯需要清洗。The glasses need cleaning.地板该洗了。The floor requires washing.【句型句型】SVO(10)主语主语+及物动及物动词词+that宾语从句宾语从句 我希望明天天气保持晴朗。I hope(that)the weather will stay fine tomorrow.我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。I wish I were 30 years younger.我想他们还没拿定主意。I dont think(that)they have made up their minds.他假装病了以便能待在家里。He preten

32、ded that he was ill so that he could stay at home.他补充说他们对测试结果表示满意。He added that they were pleased with the test result.医生建议他不要再抽烟。The doctor suggested that he(should)not smoke any more 我们认为没有必要买一台新电脑。We dont think its necessary to buy a new computer.在电话里，他说到他病了。On the telephone,he mentioned that he

33、had been ill.他从不承认自己错了。He never admits that he is wrong.政府宣布他们将修建一条通向山区的新公路。The government announced that they would build a new highway to the mountain.【句型句型】SVO(11)主语主语+及物动及物动词词+“疑问词疑问词”从句从句 他还没有决定什么时候回国。He hasnt decided when he will leave for his homeland.我想象不出他是什么长相。I cant imagine what he looks

34、like.我很想知道他是谁,从哪里来,来干什么。I wonder who he is,where he came from and why he came.我们讨论了什么时候召开全体人员会议。We discussed when the meeting of the whole staff was to be held.他问王先生的手术是否成功。He asked if Mr.Wangs operation had been successful.他解释了怎样使用那台机器。He explained how the machine was used.你有没有发现这些日子以来是谁一直在给你送花?Did

35、 you ever discover who had been sending you the flowers these days?四、主谓双宾结构四、主谓双宾结构 【句型句型】SVOO(1)主语主语+及物动词及物动词+代词代词+名词名词 妈妈给我们全家做了一顿丰盛的晚餐。Mother cooked a good and rich supper for my family.我要给没弟弟挑选一件有用的生日礼物。Ill choose a useful birthday present for my brother.请给我弄一张展览会的票，好吗？Would you please get me a

36、ticket to the exhibition?这项新技术可以为我们节省大量的时间和劳动力。This new technology will save us much time and labour.【句型句型】SVOO(2)主语主语+及物动及物动词词+名词名词+介词介词+名词名词 我们把自己的方案向委员会做了说明。We explained our plan to the committee.我们祝贺他通过了考核。We congratulated him on having passed the examination.他接到了大会的邀请信。He receive an invitation

37、letter from the conference.护士致力于病人的护理事业。Nurses devote themselves to the care of the sick.他对我们耍了一个卑鄙的花招。He played a mean trick on us.他向主人表示衷心的感谢。He expressed his hearty thanks to the host.人生常被喻为蜡烛。Mans life is often compared to a candle.外国人常以孩子祖父母的名字给他取名。The foreigners often name the child after both

38、 grandparents.【句型句型】SVOO(3)主语主语+及物动及物动词词+名名/代代+that-clause 毛主席教导我们说，好好学习，天天向上。Chairman Mao teaches us that we should study hard and make more great progress every day.她答应弟弟将给他写信。She promised her brother that she would write to him.他警告我说，那个人是很危险的。He warned me that the man was very dangerous.医生建议我卧床休息

39、几天。The doctor advised me that I should stay in bed for a couple of days.你能向我示范怎样操纵这台机器吗？Could you show me how I should operate the machine?请告诉我哪一条路去邮局最近。Please tell me which is the shortest way to the post office.五、主谓宾补结构五、主谓宾补结构 【句型句型】SVOOc(1)主语主语+及物动词及物动词+名名/代代+宾补宾补 他的名字叫理查德,但是我们都称他狄克。His name is

40、Richard but we all call him Dick.党使他成为一名优秀的共产主义战士。The party made him a fine communist fighter.他当选为这次大会的主席。He was elected chairman of the conference.我们将选他当学校足球队长。We shall choose him our school football team leader.【句型句型】SVOOc(2)主语主语+及物及物动词动词+名名/代代+as+名词名词 我们都认为他是我们最好的朋友之一。We all think of him as one o

41、f our best friends.我把他看作一个傻瓜。I regard him as a fool.不要把这件事当作一个玩笑。Dont treat the matter as a joke.我以为他是个高大的人。I imagine him as a big tall man.我被接收为俱乐部新成员。I was accepted as a new member of the club.【句型句型】SVOOc(3)主语主语+及物及物动词动词+名名/代代+形容词形容词 他把我的一位朋友打得青一块紫一块。He beat a friend of mine black and blue.你必须在八点以

42、前把会议的一切准备好。You must get everything for the meeting ready before eight.一颗子弹把他击毙了。A bullet struck him dead.他推开了那座房子的后门。He pushed open the back door of the house.【句型句型】SVOOc(4)主语主语+及物及物动词动词+名名/代代+to be 我们相信他是个忠诚老实的人。We believe him to be a royal and honest man.我猜他超过八十岁了。I guess him to be over eighty.他们自

43、以为比别人聪明。They considered themselves to be cleverer than others.他们发现中国人都很勤劳勇敢。They find the Chinese people to be brave and hard-working.【句型句型】SVOOc(5)主语主语+及物及物动词动词+名名/代代+to do sth.老板强迫他们每天干活十四小时左右。The boss forced them to work about 14 hours a day.老师要我们改正我们作文中的每一个错误。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m The teacher want

44、s us to correct each and every mistake in our composition.医生嘱咐我多加锻炼。The doctor advised me to take more exercise.请允许我把我的朋友李先生介绍给你。Allow me to introduce to you my friend Mr.Li.我必须警告你不要捉弄残疾孩子。I must warn you not to play tricks on the disabled children.【句型句型】SVOOc(5)主语主语+及物及物动词动词+名名/代代+do sth.我感到树枝碰着了我的

45、脸。I felt the branch touch my face.(feel)看着他，别让他逃掉了。Watch him.Dont let him escape.(let)你可以牵马到河边，却不能逼它喝水。(make)You may take a horse to the water,but you cant make him drink.我要他在公园门口等我。(have)I would have him wait for me at the gate of the park.【句型句型】SVOOc(6)主语主语+及物及物动词动词+名名/代代+现在分词现在分词 我听着他在房间里和一个人低声谈话

46、。I listened to him talking to someone in a low voice in his room.我们当场抓住他从柜台里偷手表。We caught him stealing a watch from the counter.我不喜欢人背后议论人。I dont like people taking behind ones back.我闻到厨房里有什么东西烧着了。I can smell something burning in the kitchen.【句型句型】SVOOc(7)主语主语+及物及物动词动词+名名/代代+过去分词过去分词 今天下午我要去理发。(have

47、)Ill have my hair cut this afternoon.我已经把我数学作业中的所有错误都改正了。(get)I have got all the mistakes in my maths homework corrected.请注意,在人群中你衣袋内的东西是很容易被人扒窃的。Mind you.Its easy to have your pocket picked in a big crowd.他立刻把自己的意思讲明白了。He soon made himself understood.我发现所有的瓶子都装满了矿泉水。Ive found all the bottles filled

48、 up with mineral water.六、形式主语和形式宾语结构六、形式主语和形式宾语结构 当你学英语时，记忆大量的英语单词是很有必要的。When you study English,it is necessary to remember a large number of English words.修理那辆旧汽车没有意义。Its no point repairing that old car.有人建议每个学生都用英语唱一首歌。It is suggested that each student should sing a song in English.【句型句型1】主语主语+vt.

49、+it+adj./n.+(for sb.)to do sth.我们认为深入调查这个案子是十分必要的。We consider it quite necessary to look into the case.百年以前人们觉得人不可能飞入太空。People felt it impossible for man to fly into the outer space about a hundred years ago.我不认为他选择这样难的学科是明智的。I dont think it wise for him to choose such a difficult subject.【句型句型2】主语主

50、语+vt.+it+adj./n.+that-clause.我认为他每天晚上都出去散步是很奇怪的。I think it very strange that he goes out walking almost every night.我们都认为他这样快就离开了是个遗憾。We all thought it a pity that he should have left so soon11醉翁亭记 1反复朗读并背诵课文，培养文言语感。2结合注释疏通文义，了解文本内容，掌握文本写作思路。3把握文章的艺术特色，理解虚词在文中的作用。4体会作者的思想感情，理解作者的政治理想。一、导入新课范仲淹因参与改革被

51、贬，于庆历六年写下岳阳楼记，寄托自己“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的政治理想。实际上，这次改革，受到贬谪的除了范仲淹和滕子京之外，还有范仲淹改革的另一位支持者北宋大文学家、史学家欧阳修。他于庆历五年被贬谪到滁州，也就是今天的安徽省滁州市。也是在此期间，欧阳修在滁州留下了不逊于岳阳楼记的千古名篇醉翁亭记。接下来就让我们一起来学习这篇课文吧！【教学提示】结合前文教学，有利于学生把握本文写作背景，进而加深学生对作品含义的理解。二、教学新课目标导学一：认识作者，了解作品背景作者简介：欧阳修(10071072)，字永叔，自号醉翁，晚年又号“六一居士”。吉州永丰(今属江西)人，因吉州原属庐陵郡，因此他

52、又以“庐陵欧阳修”自居。谥号文忠，世称欧阳文忠公。北宋政治家、文学家、史学家，与韩愈、柳宗元、王安石、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、曾巩合称“唐宋八大家”。后人又将其与韩愈、柳宗元和苏轼合称“千古文章四大家”。关于“醉翁”与“六一居士”：初谪滁山，自号醉翁。既老而衰且病，将退休于颍水之上，则又更号六一居士。客有问曰：“六一何谓也？”居士曰：“吾家藏书一万卷，集录三代以来金石遗文一千卷，有琴一张，有棋一局，而常置酒一壶。”客曰：“是为五一尔，奈何？”居士曰：“以吾一翁，老于此五物之间，岂不为六一乎？”写作背景：宋仁宗庆历五年(1045年)，参知政事范仲淹等人遭谗离职，欧阳修上书替他们分辩，被贬到滁州做了两年

53、知州。到任以后，他内心抑郁，但还能发挥“宽简而不扰”的作风，取得了某些政绩。醉翁亭记就是在这个时期写就的。目标导学二：朗读文章，通文顺字1初读文章，结合工具书梳理文章字词。2朗读文章，划分文章节奏，标出节奏划分有疑难的语句。节奏划分示例环滁/皆山也。其/西南诸峰，林壑/尤美，望之/蔚然而深秀者，琅琊也。山行/六七里，渐闻/水声潺潺，而泻出于/两峰之间者，酿泉也。峰回/路转，有亭/翼然临于泉上者，醉翁亭也。作亭者/谁？山之僧/曰/智仙也。名之者/谁？太守/自谓也。太守与客来饮/于此，饮少/辄醉，而/年又最高，故/自号曰/醉翁也。醉翁之意/不在酒，在乎/山水之间也。山水之乐，得之心/而寓之酒也。节

54、奏划分思考“山行/六七里”为什么不能划分为“山/行六七里”？明确：“山行”意指“沿着山路走”，“山行”是个状中短语，不能将其割裂。“望之/蔚然而深秀者”为什么不能划分为“望之蔚然/而深秀者”？明确：“蔚然而深秀”是两个并列的词，不宜割裂，“望之”是总起词语，故应从其后断句。【教学提示】引导学生在反复朗读的过程中划分朗读节奏，在划分节奏的过程中感知文意。对于部分结构复杂的句子，教师可做适当的讲解引导。目标导学三：结合注释，翻译训练1学生结合课下注释和工具书自行疏通文义，并画出不解之处。【教学提示】节奏划分与明确文意相辅相成，若能以节奏划分引导学生明确文意最好；若学生理解有限，亦可在解读文意后把握

55、节奏划分。2以四人小组为单位，组内互助解疑，并尝试用“直译”与“意译”两种方法译读文章。3教师选择疑难句或值得翻译的句子，请学生用两种翻译方法进行翻译。翻译示例：若夫日出而林霏开，云归而岩穴暝，晦明变化者，山间之朝暮也。野芳发而幽香，佳木秀而繁阴，风霜高洁，水落而石出者，山间之四时也。直译法：那太阳一出来，树林里的雾气散开，云雾聚拢，山谷就显得昏暗了，朝则自暗而明，暮则自明而暗，或暗或明，变化不一，这是山间早晚的景色。野花开放，有一股清幽的香味，好的树木枝叶繁茂，形成浓郁的绿荫。天高气爽，霜色洁白，泉水浅了，石底露出水面，这是山中四季的景色。意译法：太阳升起，山林里雾气开始消散，烟云聚拢，山谷

56、又开始显得昏暗，清晨自暗而明，薄暮又自明而暗，如此暗明变化的，就是山中的朝暮。春天野花绽开并散发出阵阵幽香，夏日佳树繁茂并形成一片浓荫，秋天风高气爽，霜色洁白，冬日水枯而石底上露，如此，就是山中的四季。【教学提示】翻译有直译与意译两种方式，直译锻炼学生用语的准确性，但可能会降低译文的美感；意译可加强译文的美感，培养学生的翻译兴趣，但可能会降低译文的准确性。因此，需两种翻译方式都做必要引导。全文直译内容见我的积累本。目标导学四：解读文段，把握文本内容1赏析第一段，说说本文是如何引出“醉翁亭”的位置的，作者在此运用了怎样的艺术手法。明确：首先以“环滁皆山也”五字领起，将滁州的地理环境一笔勾出，点出

57、醉翁亭坐落在群山之中，并纵观滁州全貌，鸟瞰群山环抱之景。接着作者将“镜头”全景移向局部，先写“西南诸峰，林壑尤美”，醉翁亭坐落在有最美的林壑的西南诸峰之中，视野集中到最佳处。再写琅琊山“蔚然而深秀”，点山“秀”，照应上文的“美”。又写酿泉，其名字透出了泉与酒的关系，好泉酿好酒，好酒叫人醉。“醉翁亭”的名字便暗中透出，然后引出“醉翁亭”来。作者利用空间变幻的手法，移步换景，由远及近，为我们描绘了一幅幅山水特写。2第二段主要写了什么？它和第一段有什么联系？明确：第二段利用时间推移，抓住朝暮及四季特点，描绘了对比鲜明的晦明变化图及四季风光图，写出了其中的“乐亦无穷”。第二段是第一段“山水之乐”的具体

58、化。3第三段同样是写“乐”，但却是写的游人之乐，作者是如何写游人之乐的？明确：“滁人游”，前呼后应，扶老携幼，自由自在，热闹非凡；“太守宴”，溪深鱼肥，泉香酒洌，美味佳肴，应有尽有；“众宾欢”，投壶下棋，觥筹交错，说说笑笑，无拘无束。如此勾画了游人之乐。4作者为什么要在第三段写游人之乐？明确：写滁人之游，描绘出一幅太平祥和的百姓游乐图。游乐场景映在太守的眼里，便多了一层政治清明的意味。太守在游人之乐中酒酣而醉，此醉是为山水之乐而醉，更是为能与百姓同乐而醉。体现太守与百姓关系融洽，“政通人和”才能有这样的乐。5第四段主要写了什么？明确：写宴会散、众人归的情景。目标导学五：深入解读，把握作者思想感

59、情思考探究：作者以一个“乐”字贯穿全篇，却有两个句子别出深意，不单单是在写乐，而是另有所指，表达出另外一种情绪，请你找出这两个句子，说说这种情绪是什么。明确：醉翁之意不在酒，在乎山水之间也。醉能同其乐，醒能述以文者，太守也。这种情绪是作者遭贬谪后的抑郁，作者并未在文中袒露胸怀，只含蓄地说：“醉能同其乐，醒能述以文者，太守也。”此句与醉翁亭的名称、“醉翁之意不在酒，在乎山水之间也”前后呼应，并与“滁人游”“太守宴”“众宾欢”“太守醉”连成一条抒情的线索，曲折地表达了作者内心复杂的思想感情。目标导学六：赏析文本，感受文本艺术特色1在把握作者复杂感情的基础上朗读文本。2反复朗读，请同学说说本文读来有

60、哪些特点，为什么会有这些特点。(1)句法上大量运用骈偶句，并夹有散句，既整齐又富有变化，使文章越发显得音调铿锵，形成一种骈散结合的独特风格。如“野芳发而幽香，佳木秀而繁阴”“朝而往，暮而归，四时之景不同，而乐亦无穷也”。(2)文章多用判断句，层次极其分明，抒情淋漓尽致，“也”“而”的反复运用，形成回环往复的韵律，使读者在诵读中获得美的享受。(3)文章写景优美，又多韵律，使人读来不仅能感受到绘画美，也能感受到韵律美。目标导学七：探索文本虚词，把握文言现象虚词“而”的用法用法文本举例表并列1.蔚然而深秀者；2.溪深而鱼肥；3.泉香而酒洌；4.起坐而喧哗者表递进1.而年又最高；2.得之心而寓之酒也表

61、承接1.渐闻水声潺潺，而泻出于两峰之间者；2.若夫日出而林霏开，云归而岩穴暝；3.野芳发而幽香，佳木秀而繁阴；4.水落而石出者；5.临溪而渔；6.太守归而宾客从也；7.人知从太守游而乐表修饰1.朝而往，暮而归；2.杂然而前陈者表转折1.而不知人之乐；2.而不知太守之乐其乐也虚词“之”的用法用法文本举例表助词“的”1.泻出于两峰之间者；2.醉翁之意不在酒；3.山水之乐；4.山间之朝暮也；5.宴酣之乐位于主谓之间，取消句子独立性而不知太守之乐其乐也表代词1.望之蔚然而深秀者；2.名之者谁(指醉翁亭)；3.得之心而寓之酒也(指山水之乐)【教学提示】更多文言现象请参见我的积累本。三、板书设计路线：环滁

62、琅琊山酿泉醉翁亭风景：朝暮之景四时之景山水之乐(醉景)风俗：滁人游太守宴众宾欢 太守醉宴游之乐(醉人)心情：禽鸟乐人之乐乐其乐与民同乐(醉情)可取之处重视朗读，有利于培养学生的文言语感，并通过节奏划分引导学生理解文意，突破了仅按注释疏通文义的桎梏，有利于引导学生自主思考；不单纯关注“直译”原则，同时培养学生的“意译”能力，引导学生关注文言文的美感，在一定程度上有助于培养学生的核心素养。不足之处文章难度相对较高，基础能力低的学生难以适应该教学。11醉翁亭记 1反复朗读并背诵课文，培养文言语感。2结合注释疏通文义，了解文本内容，掌握文本写作思路。3把握文章的艺术特色，理解虚词在文中的作用。4体会作

63、者的思想感情，理解作者的政治理想。一、导入新课范仲淹因参与改革被贬，于庆历六年写下岳阳楼记，寄托自己“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的政治理想。实际上，这次改革，受到贬谪的除了范仲淹和滕子京之外，还有范仲淹改革的另一位支持者北宋大文学家、史学家欧阳修。他于庆历五年被贬谪到滁州，也就是今天的安徽省滁州市。也是在此期间，欧阳修在滁州留下了不逊于岳阳楼记的千古名篇醉翁亭记。接下来就让我们一起来学习这篇课文吧！【教学提示】结合前文教学，有利于学生把握本文写作背景，进而加深学生对作品含义的理解。二、教学新课目标导学一：认识作者，了解作品背景作者简介：欧阳修(10071072)，字永叔，自号醉翁，晚年又

64、号“六一居士”。吉州永丰(今属江西)人，因吉州原属庐陵郡，因此他又以“庐陵欧阳修”自居。谥号文忠，世称欧阳文忠公。北宋政治家、文学家、史学家，与韩愈、柳宗元、王安石、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、曾巩合称“唐宋八大家”。后人又将其与韩愈、柳宗元和苏轼合称“千古文章四大家”。关于“醉翁”与“六一居士”：初谪滁山，自号醉翁。既老而衰且病，将退休于颍水之上，则又更号六一居士。客有问曰：“六一何谓也？”居士曰：“吾家藏书一万卷，集录三代以来金石遗文一千卷，有琴一张，有棋一局，而常置酒一壶。”客曰：“是为五一尔，奈何？”居士曰：“以吾一翁，老于此五物之间，岂不为六一乎？”写作背景：宋仁宗庆历五年(1045年)，参知

65、政事范仲淹等人遭谗离职，欧阳修上书替他们分辩，被贬到滁州做了两年知州。到任以后，他内心抑郁，但还能发挥“宽简而不扰”的作风，取得了某些政绩。醉翁亭记就是在这个时期写就的。目标导学二：朗读文章，通文顺字1初读文章，结合工具书梳理文章字词。2朗读文章，划分文章节奏，标出节奏划分有疑难的语句。节奏划分示例环滁/皆山也。其/西南诸峰，林壑/尤美，望之/蔚然而深秀者，琅琊也。山行/六七里，渐闻/水声潺潺，而泻出于/两峰之间者，酿泉也。峰回/路转，有亭/翼然临于泉上者，醉翁亭也。作亭者/谁？山之僧/曰/智仙也。名之者/谁？太守/自谓也。太守与客来饮/于此，饮少/辄醉，而/年又最高，故/自号曰/醉翁也。醉翁

66、之意/不在酒，在乎/山水之间也。山水之乐，得之心/而寓之酒也。节奏划分思考“山行/六七里”为什么不能划分为“山/行六七里”？明确：“山行”意指“沿着山路走”，“山行”是个状中短语，不能将其割裂。“望之/蔚然而深秀者”为什么不能划分为“望之蔚然/而深秀者”？明确：“蔚然而深秀”是两个并列的词，不宜割裂，“望之”是总起词语，故应从其后断句。【教学提示】引导学生在反复朗读的过程中划分朗读节奏，在划分节奏的过程中感知文意。对于部分结构复杂的句子，教师可做适当的讲解引导。目标导学三：结合注释，翻译训练1学生结合课下注释和工具书自行疏通文义，并画出不解之处。【教学提示】节奏划分与明确文意相辅相成，若能以节奏划分引导学生明确文意最好；若学生理解有限，亦可在解读文意后把握节奏划分。2以四人小组为单位，组内互助解疑，并尝试用“直译”与“意译”两种方法译读文章。3教师选择疑难句或值得翻译的句子，请学生用两种翻译方法进行翻译。翻译示例：若夫日出而林霏开，云归而岩穴暝，晦明变化者，山间之朝暮也。野芳发而幽香，佳木秀而繁阴，风霜高洁，水落而石出者，山间之四时也。直译法：那太阳一出来，树林里的雾气散开，云雾聚拢，