SAT写作经典例子之香奈儿

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1、SAT写作经典例子之香奈儿下面为大家整理的是关于香奈儿品牌的创始人Coco Chanel生平的SAT写作例子，这篇SAT写作例子中详细的介绍了她的生平以及所创立的品牌对世界女性时装行业的影响等内容。大家一起来看看详细内容吧。Coco Chanel, 1920Born：Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel19 August 1883(1883-08-19)Saumur, FranceDied：10 January 1971(1971-01-10) (aged 87)Paris, FranceNationality：FrenchEducation：CatholicMonasteryin

2、 AubazineOccupation：Fashion designerAwards：Neiman Marcus Fashion Award, 1957Gabrielle Coco Bonheur Chanel (19 August 1883 10 January 1971) was aninfluentialFrench fashiondesigner, founder of the famousbrandChanel, whosemodernistthought, practicaldesign, and pursuit of expensivesimplicitymade her an

3、important andinfluentialfigurein 20th-century fashion. She was the only fashion designer to be named on Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century.Early lifeChanel was born to an unwed mother, Jeanne Devolle, a laundrywoman, in a facility for the indigent in Saumur, France. This was Devolles

4、 second daughter. The father, Albert Chanel was an itinerant street peddler who with horse andcartlived anomadiclife, traveling to and from market towns, the family residing in rundown lodgings. He married Jeanne Devolle several years after Chanel was born. At birth Chanels name was entered into the

5、 official registry as “Chasnel.” It is speculated that this spelling was a clerical error or an ancient spelling of the family name. The coupleeventuallyhad five other children: Julia-Berthe, (18821913), Antoinette (born 1887) and three brothers, Alphonse (born 1885), Lucien (born 1889) and Augustin

6、 (born and died 1891).In 1895, when she was twelve years old, Chanels mother died of tuberculosis. Her father sent her two brothers out as farm laborers and the three daughters to ableakarea of central France, the Corrze, into the hands of a convent for orphans, Aubazine. It was astark,frugallifedem

7、andingstrictdisciplinebut raised with thecharityof the Catholicfaith. At age eighteen, Chanel, now too old to remain at Aubazine, went to live in a boarding house set aside for Catholic girls in the town of Moulins.Having learned the sewing arts during her six years at Aubazine, Chanel was able to f

8、ind employment as a seamstress. When not plying her trade with aneedle, she sang in a cabaret frequented bycavalryofficers. It was at this time that Gabrielle acquired the name “Coco,” a name possibly derived from apopularsong she sang, or anallusionto the French word for kept woman: cocotte.Later i

9、n life, she concocted anelaborate, fabricated history to cover up herhumblebeginnings with a morecompellinglight. Of the various stories told about Coco Chanel, a great number were of her owninvention. These legends were to be the undoing of the earliest of her biographies. These were ghosted memoir

10、s commissioned by Chanel herself, but never published, always aborted beforefruition, as she realized that the factsexposeda personage lesslaudatorythan the mythic Chanel she had self-invented. Chanel would steadfastlyclaimthat when her mother died, her father sailed for America to seek hisfortunean

11、d she was sent to live with two cold-hearted spinster aunts. She even claimed to have been born in 1893 asopposedto 1883, and that her mother had died when Coco was six instead of twelve.Personal life and early careerIt was at Moulins that Chanel met a young, French, ex-cavalryofficer, and wealthyte

12、xtileheir tienne Balsan. At age twenty-three, Chanel became Balsans mistress and for the next three years lived with him in his chateau Royallieu near Compigne, an area known for its wooded equestrian paths and the hunting life. It was a life style of self-indulgence, Balsans wealth and leisure allo

13、wing thecultivationof asocialset who reveled in partying and thegratificationof human appetites with all the implied accompanyingdecadence. Balsan lavished Chanel with the beauties of the rich life diamonds, dresses, and pearls. It was while living with Balsan that Chanel began designing hats,initia

14、llyas adiversionthat evolved into acommercialenterprise.BiographerJustine Picardie, in her 2010 study Coco Chanel: TheLegendand the Life (Harper Collins), suggests that the fashiondesigners nephew, Andr Palasse, supposedly the only child of her sister Julia- Berthe who hadcommittedsuicide, actually

15、was Chanels child by Balsan.Caricature by Sem of Chanel dancing with Boy Capel, 1913.In 1908 Chanel began an affair with one of Balsans friends, Captain Arthur Edward Boy Capel. In later years Chanel reminisced of this time in her life: “two gentlemen were outbidding for my hot little body.” Capel,

16、a wealthy member of the English upper-class, installed Chanel in an apartment in Paris and financed Chanels first shops. It is said Capels ownsartorialstyle influenced theconceptionof the Chanel look. The bottledesignfor Chanel No. 5 had two probable origins, both attributable to thesophisticateddes

17、ign sensibilities of Capel.Chanel became a licensed modiste (hat maker) in 1910 and opened a boutique at 21rueCambon, Paris named Chanel Modes. Chanels modiste career bloomed once theatre actress Gabrielle Dorziat modelled her hats in the F Nozieres play Bel Ami in 1912 (Subsequently, Dorziat modell

18、ed her hats again in Les Modes). In 1913, sheestablisheda boutique in Deauville, where she introduced luxe casual clothes that weresuitablefor leisure and sport. Chanel launched her career as fashiondesignerwhen she opened her next boutique, titled Chanel-Biarritz, in 1915, catering to the wealthy S

19、panishclientelewho holidayed in Biarritz and were lessaffectedby the war.Fashionablelike Deauville, Chanel created loose casual clothes made out of jersey, a material typically used for mens underwear. By 1919, Chanel was registered as a couturiere and established her maison de couture at 31 rue Cam

20、bon.Coco Chanel, 1920.In 1920, she was introduced byballetimpresarioSergei Diaghilev to Igor Stravinsky. Now anotablepatronof the arts, Chanel guaranteed the production of theballetLe Sacre du Printemps (“TheRiteof Spring”) against financial loss, and provided her new home Bel Respiro, located in a

21、Paris suburb, as aresidenceforcomposerStravinsky and his family. Inadditionto turning out her couture collections, Chanel threw herprodigiousenergies into designing dance costumes for the cutting-edgeBalletRusse. Between the years 1923-1937, she collaborated on productions choreographed by Diaghilev

22、 and dancer Vaslav Nijinsky, notably Le Train bleu, a dance-opera, Orphe and Oedipe Roi.In 1924, Chanel made an agreement with the Wertheimer brothers, Pierre and Paul, directors of the eminentperfumehouse Bourgeois since 1917, creating acorporateentity, Parfums Chanel. The Wertheimers agreed to pro

23、vide fullfinancingfor production, marketing anddistributionof Chanel No. 5. For ten percent of thestock, Chanel licensed her name to Parfums Chanel and removed herself frominvolvementin all business operations.Displeasedwith thearrangement, Chanel worked for more than twenty years to gain fullcontro

24、lof Parfums Chanel. She proclaimed that Pierre Wertheimer was “the bandit who screwed me.”One of Chanels longest andenduringassociations was with Misia Sert, a notorious member of the Parisian, bohemianeliteand wife of Spanish painter Jos-Maria Sert. It is said that theirs was animmediatebondof like

25、 souls, and Misia was attracted to Chanel by “hergenius,lethalwit,sarcasmandmaniacaldestructiveness, whichintriguedand appalled everyone.” Both women, convent bred, maintained a friendship of shared interests, confidences and drug use. By 1935, Chanel had become ahabitualdrug user, injecting herself

26、 with morphine on a daily basis until the end of her life. According to Chandler Burrs The Emperor ofScent, Luca Turinrelatedanapocryphalstory incirculationthat Chanel was called Coco because she threw the most fabulous cocaine parties in ParisPerfume Chanel No.5In 1923, Vera Bate Lombardi, born Sar

27、ah Gertrude Arkwright, reputedly theillegitimatedaughter of the Marquess of Cambridge, afforded Chanelentryinto the highest levels of Britisharistocracy. It was anelitegroup of associations revolving around such personages as Winston Churchill, aristocrats such as the Duke of Westminster and royals

28、such as Edward, Prince of Wales. It was in Monte Carlo in 1923, at age forty-two that Chanel was introduced by Lombardi to the vastly wealthy Duke of Westminster, Hugh Richard Arthur Grosvenor, known to his intimates as “Bendor”. The Duke of Westminster lavished Chanel withextravagantjewels,costlyar

29、t, and a home in Mayfair. In 1929, hegiftedher with aparcelof land he had purchased near Monte Carlo where Chanel built anopulentvilla, La Pausa His affair with Chanel lasted ten years. The Duke, anoutspokenanti-Semite, intensified Chanelsinherentantipathytoward Jews and shared with him anexpressedh

30、omophobia.It was in 1931 while in Monte Carlo that Chanel made theacquaintanceof Samuel Goldwyn. The introduction was made through a mutual friend, the Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich, cousin to the last czar of Russia, Nicolas II. Goldwyn offered Chanel a tantalizingproposition. For the sum of a millio

31、n dollars (approximatelyseventy-five million today), he would bring her to Hollywood twice a year todesigncostumes for MGM stars. Chanel accepted the offer. Enrouteto California from New York traveling in a white train car, which had been luxuriously outfitted specifically for her use, she was inter

32、viewed by Colliers magazine in 1932. Chanel said she had agreed to thearrangementto see what the pictures have to offer me and what I have to offer the pictures. Thisenterprisewith the film industry left Chanel with adislikefor the business of movie making and distaste for the Hollywood culture itse

33、lf, which she denounced as “infantile.” Chanelsverdictwas that: Hollywood is the capital of bad taste.and it isvulgar.Ultimately, herdesignaestheticdid not translate well to film, failing to satisfy the standard of Hollywood glamour of the era. Onscreenher creations did nottransmitenoughdazzleand se

34、xyallure. Her designs for film stars were notacclaimedand generated littlecomment. Despite her failure in Hollywood, Chanel went on to design the costumes for several French films, including Jean Renoirs 1939 film La Rgle du jeu where she was credited as La Maison Chanel.Chanel was the mistress of s

35、ome of the mostinfluentialmen of her time, but she never married. She had affairs with the poet Pierre Reverdy, and illustrator anddesigner, Paul Iribe. After her romance with Reverdy ended in 1926, they still maintained a friendship which lasted some forty years. Herinvolvementwith Iribe was a deep

36、 one until his sudden death in 1935. Iribe and Chanel shared the samereactionarypolitics, ChanelfinancingIribes monthly, ultra-nationalist newsletter, Le Tmoin, which fueled anirrationalfear of foreigners and preached anti-Semitism.Chanel was well aware that her lineage from peasantstockwould foreve

37、rprohibither marriage into aristocratic circles. When asked why she did not marry the The Duke of Westminster, she stated: There have been several Duchesses of Westminster. There is only one Chanel.Chanel was, the first designer to show black dresses to be worn at any time.As the 1930s progressed, C

38、hanels place on thethroneof haute couture came underthreat. The boyish look and the short skirts of the 1920s flapper seemed to disappearovernight. Chanels designs for film stars in Hollywood had met with failure, and had not aggrandized herreputationas expected. More significantly, Chanels star had

39、 been eclipsed by her premierrival, thedesigner, Elsa Schiaparelli. Schiaparellisinnovativedesign,repletewithplayfulreferences toSurrealismwas creating muchenthusiasmand excitement in the fashion world. Feeling she was losing her avant-garde edge, Chanel proceeded to collaborate with Jean Cocteau on

40、 his theatre piece, Oedipe Rex. The costumes she designed were mocked and critically lambasted: “Wrapped in bandages the actors looked like ambulant mummies or victims of some terrible accident.”World War IIIn 1939, at the beginning of World War II, Chanel closed her shops, maintaining her apartment

41、 situated above the couture house at 31rueCambon. She claimed that it was not a time for fashion. Three thousand female employees lost their jobs. The advent of war had given Chanel theopportunitytoretaliateagainst those workers who, lobbying for fair wages and work hours, had closed down her busine

42、ss operation during the general laborstrikein France in 1936. In closing her couture house, Chanel made adefinitivestatementof her political views. Herviolentloathingof Jews, inculcated by her convent years and sharpened by herassociationwith society elites had solidified her beliefs. She shared wit

43、h most of hercircletheconvictionthat Jews were a Bolshevikthreatto Europe. During the GermanoccupationChanel resided at the Hotel Ritz, which was alsonoteworthyfor being the preferred place ofresidencefor upper echelon Germanmilitarystaff. Herromanticliaisonwith Hans Gnther von Dincklage, a German o

44、fficer who had been anoperativein militaryintelligencesince 1920, facilitated herarrangementtoresideat the Ritz.World War II, specifically the Nazi seizure of all Jewish-ownedpropertyand business enterprises, provided Chanel with theopportunityto gain the fullmonetaryfortunegenerated by Parfums Chan

45、el and its mostprofitableproduct, Chanel No. 5. The directors of Parfums Chanel, the Wertheimers, were Jewish, and Chanel used her position as an “Aryan” topetitionGerman officials to legalize herclaimto soleownership. On May 5, 1941, she wrote to the governmentadministratorcharged with ruling on th

46、edispositionof Jewish financial assets. Her grounds forproprietaryownership were based on the claim that “Parfums Chanel “is still thepropertyof Jews”and had been legally “abandoned” by the owners. “I have,” she wrote, “anindisputableright ofprioritythe profits that I have received from my creations

47、 since thefoundationof this businessare disproportionateand you can help to repair in part the prejudices I have suffered in the course of these seventeen years.” Chanel was not aware that the Wertheimers, anticipating the forthcoming Nazi mandates against Jews had, in May 1940, legally turnedcontro

48、lof “Parfums Chanel” over to a Christian, French businessman and industrialist, Felix Amiot.Ultimately, the Wertheimers and Chanel came to a mutualaccommodation, re-negotiating theoriginal1924contract. On May 17, 1947, Chanel received wartime profits from the sale of Chanel No. 5, in an amountequiva

49、lentto some nine million dollars in twenty-first century valuation. Further, her future share would be two percent of all Chanel No. 5 sales worldwide. The financialbenefitto her would beenormous. Her earnings would be in the vicinity of twenty-five million dollars a year, making her at the time one

50、 of the richest women in the world. Inaddition, Pierre Wertheimer agreed to anunusualstipulationproposed by Chanel herself. Wertheimer agreed to pay all of Chanels living expenses from thetrivialto the large for the rest of her life.ProtectionfromprosecutionIn September 1944, Chanel was called in to

51、 be interrogated by the Free FrenchPurgeCommittee, the puration. The committee, which had nodocumentedevidenceof hercollaborationactivity, was obliged toreleaseher. According to Chanels grand-niece, Gabrielle Palasse Labrunie, when Chanel returned home she said, “Churchill had me freed”.Theextentof

52、Winston Churchillsinterventioncan only be speculated upon. However, Chanelsescapefromprosecutioncertainly speaks of layers ofconspiracy,protectionat the highest levels. It was feared that if Chanel were ever made totestifyattrial, the pro-Nazi sympathies and activities of top-level British officials

53、, members of the societyeliteand those of the royal family itself would beexposed. It is believed that Churchill instructed Duff Cooper, British ambassador to the Frenchprovisionalgovernment, to “protectChanel”.Finally induced to appear in Paris before investigators in 1949, Chanel left herretreatin

54、 Switzerland toconfronttestimonygiven against her at the war crimetrialof Baron Louis de Vaufreland, a Frenchtraitorand highly placed Germanintelligenceagent. Chanel denied all accusations brought against her. She offered the presiding judge, Leclercq, a characterreference: “I couldarrangefor adecla

55、rationto come from Mr. Duff Cooper.”Haute couture Chanel suit circa 1960Post-war life and careerIn 1945, she moved to Switzerland,eventuallyreturning to Paris in 1954, the same year she returned to the fashion world. The re-establishmentof her couture house in 1954 was fully financed by Chanels old

56、nemesis in theperfumebattle, Pierre Wertheimer. Her newcollectionwas not received well by Parisians whosememoryof Chanels treasonouscollaborationwith the Nazis still resonated in the public mind. However, her return to couture was applauded by the British and Americans, who became herfaithfulcustome

57、rs.DeathIn early 1971 Chanel, then 87-years old, was tired and ailing but continued toadhereto her usual schedule, overseeing the preparation of the springcollection. She died on Sunday, January, 10th at the Hotel Ritz where she had resided for more than thirty years. She had gone for a long drive t

58、hat afternoon and, not feeling well, had retired early to bed.LegacyasdesignrevolutionaryAs early as 1915, HarpersBazaarraved over Chanels designs: “The woman who hasnt at least one Chanel is hopelessly out of fashionThis season the name Chanel is on the lips of every buyer.” Chanelsascendancyas a f

59、ashion avatar was the official deathblow to the corseted female silhouette. The frills,fuss, and constraints endured by earlier generations of women were now pass. Hergeniusredefined thefashionablewoman for the post WW I era. The Chaneltrademarkwas a look of youthful ease, a liberated physicality, a

60、ndunencumberedsportiveconfidence.The horse culture andpenchantfor hunting so passionately pursued by the elites, especially the British, fired Chanels imagination. Her ownenthusiasticindulgencein the sporting life led to clothing designsinformedby those activities. From her excursions on water with

61、the yachting world, she appropriated the clothing associated withnauticalpursuits: thehorizontalstriped shirt, bell bottom pants, crewneck sweaters, and espadrille shoesall traditionally worn by sailors and fishermen.Ethnic influenceDesigners such as Paul Poiret and Fortuny introduced ethnic referen

62、ces into haute couture in the 1900s and early 1910s. Chanel continued thistrendwith Slav-inspireddesigns in the early 1920s. The beading andembroideryon her garments at this time wasexclusivelyexecuted by Kitmir, an embroidery house founded by an exiled Russian aristocrat, the Grand Duchess Maria Pa

63、vlovna, the sister of hererstwhilelover, Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich. Kitmirsfusionof oriental stitching with stylised folk motifs was highlighted in Chanels early collections. One 1922 evening dress came with a matching embroidered babushka headscarf. Inadditionto the headscarf, Chanel clothing fro

64、m this period featured square-necked tunic tops andelbowlength sleeves alluding to Russian peasant attire, with chenille cloche hats for day wear. Evening designs were often embroidered withsparklingcrystaland black jetembroidery.以上就是关于香奈儿的SAT写作经典例子的全部内容，非常全面。由于这是一个大家耳熟能详的故事，但是实际应用的人又不是很多，所以大家在备考关于成功，励志，社会等等SAT写作话题的时候，都可以从不同的角度对这篇例子进行相应的应用.