最新高考英语第二轮复习经典语法讲解(有试题集及分析)-(02)

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1、高考英语第二轮复习经典语法讲解有试题集及分析 02名词一、考点聚焦1.可数名词单、复数变化形式1规那么变化。单数名词词尾直接加-s。如：boy - boys, pen - pens。以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如：glass - glasses,box- boxes, watch - watches, brush - brushes。特例：stomach - stomachs以辅音字母 + y结尾的变y为i再加-es。如：baby - babies, lady - ladies, fly - flies。以o结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato - tomatoes, po

2、tato - potatoes, hero - heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和局部外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。如：radio - radios, zoo - zoos, photo - photos, piano - pianos, kilo - kilos, tobacco - tobaccos。以f或fe结尾的名词复数形式变f或fe为v，之后再加-es。如：wife - wives, life - lives, knife - knives, wolf- wolves, self - selves, leaf - leaves等。特例：handkerchief- handke

3、rchiefs, roof - roofs, chief - chiefs, gulf - gulfs, belief - beliefs, cliff - cliffs。改变元音字母的。如：man - men, mouse - mice, foot - feet, woman - women, tooth - teeth, goose - geese, ox - oxen。特例：child - children。复合名词的复数形式。A在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如：armchair - armchairs, bookcase - bookcases, bookstore - bookstor

4、es。Bman和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。如：man doctor - men doctors, woman driver - women drivers。C与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词局部加-s。如：brother-in-law - brothers-in-law, passer-by - passers-by。有的名词有两种复数形式。如：zero - zeros 、zeroes; penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同：pence便士的钱数，pennies(便士的枚数)。2不规那么变化。单、复数同形。如：means, aircraft, dee

5、r, fish, Chinese,Japanese, sheep, works工厂,cattle。合成名词的复数。如：boy-friend - boy-friends, go-between- go-betweens(中间人)，grown-up - grown-ups。有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses眼镜，clothes衣服，goods货物，trousers裤子，belongings所有物,wages工资，riches财富, surroundings环境，ashes灰尘, compasses圆规，cattle家畜，congratulations祝贺，have words with s

6、b. 同某人吵架，in high spirits 以很高热情地，give ones regards to sb.向某人问侯，in rags衣衫破烂，It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事。集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people, cattle, police; 有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看做整体，复数看做集体的各个成员。如：The crew is large.船员人数很多指整体；The crew are all tired.船

7、员们都累坏了个体。2、不可数名词的数1一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：抽象名词不可数具体化个体名词，可数名词in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)win honor赢得荣誉 an honor一个(件)引以为荣的(事)Failure(失败)is the mother of success 失败是成功之母。 a failure失败者by experience靠经验 an e

8、xperience一次经历youth青春 a youth一个青年人have pity on sb.怜悯某人 a pity可惜的事情 with pleasure乐意a pleasure乐事抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.Would you like to have a walk(swim, bath, talk)with me?It is waste of time reading such a novel.She made an

9、apology to her mother for her wrong doings.(2)物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。如：物质名词有形或数的相应物体，有单、复数。如：some coffee一些咖啡，a coffee一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡，some drink一些饮料, a drink一杯饮料，three drinks三杯饮料，his hair他的头发，a few grey hairs几根白发，glass玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。物质名词有前置后置修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。have breakfast The road is c

10、overed with snow.have a wonderful breakfast They have a heavy snow every year.Time and tide wait for no man.We had a wonderful time last night.(3)有复数形式的不可数名词有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如：Use your brains, please.They have smoothed away the difficulties.Have you made preparations for tomo

11、rrows meeting?Many thanks for your kindness.No pains, no gains.After many failures, they finally succeeded.有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如：The boy burst into tears at the bad news.The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.3.名词所有格1s所有格的特殊表示形式有：用于表示时间、距离、价

12、格、重量等的名词后，如：todays newspaper,five minuteswalk(drive),five poundsweight, ten dollarsworth of coffee用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。如：the earths planet, the words population, Chinas industry, New Yorks parks。2of所有格的特殊表示方式有：表示局部时，一般在所修饰的名词前有一个表示数量的词a、two、several、some、no、many等，如：Some students of Mister Zhangs have

13、gone to college.张老师的一些学生已经上大学了。表示其中之一，其中一局部的意思时，用：a friend of Toms汤姆的一个朋友许多朋友中的一位。表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩时，应该用：that/this/these/those + 名词单、复数of Marys/yours/his/hers。如：That invention of hers belongs to the world. 她的那项创造是属于全世界的表赞赏。4、名词作定语英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。1分类意义。air pollution 空气污染 boy fri

14、end 男朋友coffee cup咖啡杯 income tax所得税tennis ball网球 song writer歌曲作家body language身体语言 road accident交通事故Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖2时间、地点、称呼等。Doctor Jack杰克医生 Professor Li李教授evening school夜校 winter sleep冬眠street dance 街舞 country music乡村音乐village people村民 school education学校教育China problem中国问题3表目的、手段、来源，所属意义。reception d

15、esk接待台 sports field田径场stone table石桌 color TV彩电weather report天气预报二、精典名题导解选择填空1. It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science. (NMET 2001)A.an art much as B.much an art asC.as an art much as D.as much an art as解析：答案为D。当名词前有what、so、as、too、quite等词修饰时，其形容词被这些词修饰，组成以下结构，如：What a nice book! T

16、his is too heavy a box for me to carry. He is not as honest a boy as Mike.等，应采取too/how + 形容词副词+ a(an) + 名词的形式。要记住一些类似的特殊结构，并加以分析。2. The police are offering a _to anyone who can give information about the lost key.NMET 1999A.price B.prize C.reward D.money解析：答案为C。price 价格，价钱；prize奖金。项是钱，属不可数名词，题中所要填的是

17、酬金，报酬。注意正确理解名词的含义及其搭配是活用语言的根底，在复习备考中要熟练掌握考纲中一些名词的词义、搭配、习惯等，才能更好辨析名词，从而选择最符合句意的选项。3.Youll find this map of great _in helping you to get round LondonNMET 1998A.price B.cost C.value D.usefulness解析：答案为C。此题考查特定语境中名词的词义及be of + 抽象名词结构。Price (价格)，cost价钱，费用，本钱不符合题意，value作quality of being useful or desirable

18、解时，常与of搭配，在句中作表语或补语，意为有用，有价值。应选择value。注意名词词义辨异及惯用法表达，题中of + 抽象名词相当于该名词的形容词形式。练习.名词1. The _ of the room were covered with _.A. roofs, leafs B. roofs, leaves C. rooves, leafs D. rooves, leaves2. There are three _ in our factory.A. woman doctors B. women doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor 3. Which

19、 do you prefer _ or _?A. potatos, tomatos B. potatos, tomatoes C. potatoes, tomatos D. potatoes, tomatoes4. They are _ of different presses(出版社). Now they are having a meeting in one of the _ office.A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefs B. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chiefsC. editors-in-chiefs, edi

20、tors-in-chiefs D. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chiefs5. The ant has two _.A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs6. He doesnt like _ for supper. A. chick B. chicken C. chickens D. chicks7. It was _ hot weather that many of us went swimming.A. so B. such C. so as D. such a8. _ wonderful space

21、 they saw on the room!A. How B. How a C. What D. What a9. We know _ travels not so fast as light.A. sound B. sounds C. the sounds D. a sound 10. My family raise a lot of _, including two _.A. cattle, cows B. cows, cattle C. cattles, cows D. cow, cattles11. A number of soldiers _ at he camp gate军营门口.

22、A. have gathered B. has gathered C. is D. was12. The Browns have spent a large _ of money on their new car.A. deal B. amount C. number D. size13. _ work has been done to improve the peoples living standard.A. Many B. A great many C. A great deal of D. A number of14. Mr Li shook _ warmly with a frien

23、d.A. hand B. a hand C. hands D. the hands15. Two _, please. A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D. cups coffee16. I cant pay as _ as he asked for.A. high price a B. high price C. a high price D. high a price17. _ knowledge of space develops rapidly. A. Mans B. Mens C. Mens D. Persons18.I stayed at

24、 _. A. Xiao Wangs B. Wangs home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang 19. Sister Carrie works in a _ factory. A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoes20. Have you ever read _?A. today newspaper B. newspaper today C. newspaper of today D. todays newspaper21. Two _ walk didnt made me tired. A. hour B. hours C. hour

25、s D. hours22. The mother over there is _ mother.A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Marys C. Julias and Marys D. Julias and Mary23. Li Mings handwriting is better than _ in the class.A. anyones B. anyone else C. anyones elses D. anyone elses24. The children are playing _ on the _.A. sand, sand B. sands,

26、sands C. sand, sands D. sands, sand25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller _. A. set B. one C. copy D. pair26. Tom usually takes a _ in bus on rainy days. A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travel27. We have no _ about where she has gone.A. information B. news C. message D. flash28. Food and _ are

27、daily necessities需要for the people.A. cloth B. clothe C. clothes D. clothing29. My _ of hearing is not so good as it used to be. A. strength B. sense C. power D. skill30. The _ caused by carelessness _ yesterday. Many workers were killed.A. incident, was happened B. matter, happened C. event, was tak

28、en place D. accident, took place31. The room was so quiet that she could hear the _ of her heart.A. beating B. ways C. knocking D. striking32. _ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere.A. The public B. People C. Women D. Man33. He was an _ in the government _.A. office, official B. official

29、, office C. officer, office D. official, officer34. There are several _ in this novel who are different in _.A. character, character B. characters, characters C. character, characters D. characters, character 35. We visited him _ when he was in hospital.A. every other days B. each other day C. every

30、 other day D. every two day36. My friend will return in _.A. one day or two B. a day or two C. one day or two D. a or two days37. _ is always difficult for me. A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation38. _ of this novel is excellent, quite to my surprise.A. Translation B. Tran

31、slate C. The translation D. A translation39. The police _ looking into the matter now. A. be B. is C. are D. are going to40. The Chinese are _ brave and hard working people. A. the B. a C. / D. one41. No news _ good news. A. is B. are C. have D. has42. Maths still _ very difficult for me, though I h

32、ave done my best.A. looks B. seems C. is D. are43. Where _ my trousers? the boy asked. A. is B. was C. were D. are44. How happy they are! Obviously, they are _.A. in nice spirits B. in nice spirit C. in high spirits D. in high spirit45. I saw many _ seated in the corner reading something.A. Japanese

33、 B. Japaneses C. of Japanese D. of Japaneses46. Father went to his doctor for _ about his heart trouble.A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices47. We are _ and they are _. A. Englishmen, Germans B. Englishmen, German C. Englishmans, Germans D. Englishmen, Germen48. _ are made of _.A. A glas

34、s, a glass B. Glasses, glass C. The glass, the glass D. Glasses, glasses49. Ill have to buy _ trousers. A. a B. two C. a pair of D. a couple of50. There are two _ in our class. A. Liu B. Lius C. Lius D. Lius51. _ is needed in cold countries. A. A lot of clothes B. Much clothing C. Many a cloth D. Lo

35、ts of clothes52. They are _. A. mathematics student B. mathematic studentsC. students in mathematics D. mathematics students53. The laboratory assistant recorded the _ reactions反响.A. mouses B. mice C. mices D. mices54. This letter was sent by _.A. my father friend B. my father friends C. a friend of

36、 my fathers D. a friend of my father55. Ten years had passed. I found she had _. A. a little white hair B. some white hair C. a few white hair D. a few white hairs56. I have made _ with Billy. A. friends B. friend C. a friend D. the friend57. The population of Beijing is _ than that of Xian. A. more

37、 B. larger C. fewer D. small58. There are thirty-two _ in our school.A. woman teacher B. women teacher C. women teachers D. woman teachers59. He had tried everything but it made little_ .A. use B. good C. difference D. result60. You must get there within half an hour. There should be no_ in sending

38、the blood to the dying man.A. wait B. delay C. time D. hurry61. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any_ . A. excuse B. sense C. use D. value62. -How dare you play on such thin ice? -Playing on ice is not my _of spare time.A. idea B. thought C. mind D. intention63. Helen

39、 said she would like to go to Atlanta by air, but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the_ .A. travel B. tourism C. journey D. course64. One splendid mountain_ followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz.A. view B. glance C. screen D. scene65.The new law will come into _o

40、n the day it is passed. (1999上海)A. effect B. use C. service D. existence66. When you play football, what _do you play?A. situation B. place C. part D. position67. Its important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the_in language studies.A. situation B. expression C. condition D. transla

41、tion68. I wrote him a letter to show my _of his thoughtfulness.A. achievement B. agreement C. view D. appreciation69. One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a good_ .A. sight B. scene C. view D. look70. Nowadays natural gas, wind and other forms of _are w

42、idely used in the country.A. energy B. force C. power D. materials71. _with foreign countries can bring us much information about the world.A. Contrast B. Competition C. Contact D. Combination72. We all know that_speak louder than words.A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actions 73.We hav

43、e worked out the plan and now we must put it into _.(NMET1997 38)A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed 74.Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no _but to take a taxi.(Met 1993 ,33)A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection75.He dropped the _and broke it . (Met 1993, 38)A. cup of coffee B.

44、coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup76.Heres my card. Lets keep in _. (NMET1994 ,33)A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship77.He gained his _by printing _of famous writers.(NMET1995,40)A. wealth; work B. wealths ; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works78.Ill look into the matter as

45、soon as possible , just have a little _.(MET 1996 ,10)A. wait B. time C. patience D. rest79.If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a _.(NMET1997,18) A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice80.These football players had no strict _until they joined our club. (1997.上海 20)A. prac

46、tice B. education C. exercise D. training81.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of _.(1996.上海.15)A. energy B. source C. power D. material82.Youll find this map of great _in helping you to get round London.(NMET 1998 21)A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness8

47、3.We all know that _speak louder than words.(1999.上海 24)A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actions84.My parents always let me have my own _of living. (1999.上海25)A. way B. method C. manner D. fashionKey:15 BBDDD 610 BBCAA 1115 ABCCB 1620 DAACD 2125 DBDCD 2630 BADBD 3135 AABDC 3640 BACCB 41

48、45 ABDCA 4650 BABCB 5155 BDDCD 5660 ABCCB 6165 BACAA 6670 DADCA 7175 CDCBD7680 ADCAD 8184 ACDA 2006全国各省市高考试卷中的名词试题:1(全国卷2)11. It is no _ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.A. use B. help C. time D. way2(上海春)41. Put the _ of your tongue against your upper teeth when you produce t

49、he sound.A. tip B. top C. peak D. pole3(天津卷)15. Finding information in todays world is easy. The is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge4(辽宁卷)32.School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous .A. states B. conditi

50、ons C. situations D. positions5(江西卷)28It is said that dogs will keep you _ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.A. safety B. company C. house Dfriend6(福建卷)35.Always read the _ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. A. explanations B. instructions C. description

51、s D. introductions7(湖北卷)21. To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses.A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values8(湖北卷)23. The _on his face told me that he was angry.A. impression B. sight C. appearance D. expression9(湖北卷)24. At the me

52、eting they discussed three different _to the study of mathematics.A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways10(广东卷)34. You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of .A. date B. shape C. order D. balance11(浙江卷) - If you like I can do some shopping for you.- Thats a very kind _.A. offer B. service C. point D. suggestion12(北京卷)23. She went to the bookstore and bought _. A. dozen books B. dozens books C. dozen of books D. dozens of booksKeys: AACCB BADAB 11-12 AD- 8 -