考研英语(二)-5

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1、考研英语（二）-5（总分：100.00,做题时间：90分钟）一、B Section I Use of English/B(总题数：L 分数：10.00)Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.Bingo draws a crowd: low beds, high loos and handrails assist the weak. Only the glint of razor wi

2、re outside shows this is not a social club. Detmold, near the German city of Hanover, is a pioneer of future prisons:UU1/U/Ua pen for the young and hardy, they are now housing the old and UU2/U/U, too.In most rich countries, the UU3/U/Uare the fastest growing category of prisoner. Definitions of old

3、 age in jail UU4/U/U, but the trend is clear. In the decade after 2000 the over-55s grew by 181% in America (the total prison population by 17%); the over-60s UU5/U/Uby 128% in England and Wales;UU6/U/Uin Australia the over-65s UU7/U/Uby 140%. By 2030 perhaps a third of American prisoners will be ov

4、er 55.The main cause is not crime rates UU8/U/Uharsher sentences and less paroleplus an ageing UU9/U/U. Another, says Azrini Wahidin of Belfast University, is that better forensic science has fuelled a phenomenal clear-up rate of long-ago crimes. That catches now-elderly UU10/U/ULocking up old peopl

5、e is UU11/U/U. In 2012 Human Rights Watch, a campaigning and research outfit,UU12/U/Uthat jails UU13/U/Uup to nine times more on an ageing convict than on a typical prisoner. In Britain more than 80% of convicts over 60 have a chronic UU14/U/Uor disability.UU15/U/Uonly Norwich prison has a 16-bed en

6、d-of-life unit, in operation since 2005. Britain，s only elderly prison wing, complete with stairlifts, is at Kingston, near Portsmouth.Deafness, osteoporosis and dementia need nursing-home UU16/U/Uand a handful of jails are starting to UU17/U/U it. In December 2012 Rimutaka prison, New Zealand，s big

7、gest, opened the country，s first unit for vulnerable inmates. Fishkill prison in New York UU18/U/Ua dementia unit in 2007. Japans Onomichi prison has UU19/U/Ucells with rubber floors for the ill and ramps for the UU20/U/U.(分数：io.oo)(1). A. once B. after C.since D. later(分数：0.50) A. J B. C. D.解析：解析本题

8、解题思路比较简单。首先在第一空后面出现了 young和。Id这一组明显的反义词，说明句子之间有对比的逻辑关系，而后句出现的now一词很关键，什么时间能和“现在”形成对比，显然是“过去”或者“曾经”。该空考查的词性属于副词，当中比较难而考研又常考的一词是since, since作为介词表示“自从”，而作为副词则表示“后来”，也就是说after, since, later作为副词时都表示同一个意思，属于同义词，可以一次性排除，直接选择A项。(2). A. strong B. weak C.stout D. sturdy(分数：0.50)A.B. JC.I).解析：解析根据上文的young and

9、hardy和下文的old and ,我们知道young和old是反义词，第二空和hardy是反义词；如果考生碰巧不认识hardy一词的话，解题思路依旧简单，因为能和old 并列平行的词，必然是比较不好的，显然选项A的strong不符合老年人的特征，且选项D的sturdy和它是一个意思，因此A、D两项都可以排除。而stout意思为“结实的，矮胖的”，也不能与old平行，因此选择B项weako(3).A.youngB. maleC. elderlyD. female（分数：0.50）A.B.C. VD.解析：解析根据本段后面的old age； over-55s； over-60s： over-65

10、等词我们可以判断，本段讨论的是监狱犯人的老龄化趋势，显然填入的是与。Id age同义替换的elderly。（4）. A.resemble B.remember C.diffuse D.differ（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D. V解析：解析本题的词汇稍微难些，但是解题思路并不难。根据clear （清晰的）一词，再根据其前面的 but一词，我们知道上半句填入的词应该是否定clear的。选项A的resemble表示像，类似，选项B 的remember表示“记得”，这两个词比较肯定；而选项C的diffuse 传播，扩散”，比较中性；选项D 的differ “不同”相对否定。因此确定D项为答案。再

11、者，后文列举美国、英国和澳大利亚的老年犯人年纪分别是55岁，60岁和65岁，说明这些国家对于老年犯人的定义是不同的，由此也能确定D项是答案。（5） . A. fell B. rose C.stayed D. maintained（分数：0.50）A.B. VC.D.解析：解析上文的growing, grew这些词都提示我们本段讨论的是老年犯人的增长问题，因此本题应该填入和grow最接近的词，选项中只有rose符合，因此B项为答案。（6） . A.and B.yet C.though D.soA. JB.C.D.解析：解析本题是一个逻辑衔接题，考查上下文的逻辑关系。通读本段发现本段列举的几个国家

12、老年犯人都是在增长的，因此上下文的逻辑关系为并列，答案为A项。而选项B、C的逻辑关系为转折、让步；选项D的逻辑关系为因果。（7） .A. A. intendedB. B. extendedC. C.increasedD. D.expanded（分数：0.50）A.E.F. JG.解析：解析根据上下文的逻辑关系，本段逻辑为并列，因此出现了连续几个表示“增长”的词，如 grow, rise 以及本空的 increase。（8） . A.then B.but C.and D. with（分数：0.50）A.B. VC.D.解析：解析本题考查not.but这一结构的用法。译为“不是而是（9）. A.p

13、eople B.resident C.dweller D.population（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D. V解析：解析本题的resident和dwel ler都是居民”的意思，可以先排除。而people和population 两个词有点类似，本题的an ageing一词起了重要作用，尤其是an（一个）：people本身是复数词，是 person的复数形式，搭配a或者an只能表示民族”的意思：而population本身是一个整体名词，为“人口”的意思，我们一般说的是“老龄化人口”。因此D项为答案。（10）. A. criminals B. policemen C.group D. cro

14、wd（分数：0.50）A. VB.C.D.解析：解析上文的crime以及本句的catch都暗示我们本题答案是criminals “罪犯”；而policemen 一项本身容易排除，显然不可能是抓警察；而C、D两项意思很接近，都是“人群，群体”的意思，也可以根据同义词这一因素把这两项排除。因此答案为A项。（11） . A. cheap B. affordable C.costly D. foolish（分数：0.50）A.B.C. VD.解析：解析根据下文 nine times more on an ageing convict, ageing convict （老年囚犯）指的就是上文的locki

15、ng up old people（关押老人）,根据该句的nine times more（多九倍）我们可知关押老年人的代价是高昂的，即选项C的costly是正确答案。（12）. A. evaluated B. estimated C.assessed D. predicted（分数：0.50）A.B. JC.D.解析：解析本题中四个选项比较像，尤其是A、B两项。选项A是“评估，估价”的意思，而选项C的 assess也是“评估，估价”的意思，从这个程度上说，可以排除这两项。B是“预计”，D是“预言”的意思。文章中监狱对于老年囚犯的花销问题，应该是“估计，预计”，而不需要“预言”。（13）. A.

16、cost B. wasted C.spent D. saved（分数：0.50）A.B.C. VD.解析：解析首先，cost表示“某物耗费某人金钱”，而本句描述的是jails监狱花费钱，因此排除 Ao选项B的waste表示“浪费”，带有否定意味，而本处讨论监狱花费，比较中性，并未涉及肯定或否定的问题。选项D “节约”，根据上文的costly,此处不可能填节约。选项C “花费”为正确答案。（14）. A.illness B. death C.problem D. issue（分数：0.50）A. JB.C.D.解析：解析根据。r这一提示并列的词，我们知道本空填入的词需要和disability（残

17、疾）并列，残疾是一种疾病，因此A项“Iness为最佳答案。而C、D两项都表示“问题”，尽管本质上有区别，但是还是可以当做类似或同义的词将它们排除。（15）. A. So B. Thus C. If D. Yet（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D. V解析：解析首先排除A、B两项，二者都是“因此”的意思。选项C填入后构成if only,表示“要是”之意，强调虚拟，而选项D代入后构成yet only,表示“然而只有”：上文提到英国大多数老年囚犯都有健康问题，而下文提到两处。nly,其中一处提到只有这些配备，显然体现了老年囚犯数量和所需配备的不符，上下文有相反的转折逻辑，因此填入D项yet是正确的。（

18、16）.A. protectionB.prevention C. call D. care（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D. J解析：解析上文的nursing-home（养老院）提供了线索；养老院的作用是care “照顾”老人。选项中有点干扰性的只有protection “保护。相比care “照顾”来讲，“照顾老人”比起“保护老人”的搭配要更加贴切些。（17） . A. refuse B. defend C. offer D. take（分数：0.50）A.氏C. VD.解析：解析本空之后的文章都在举例说明上文，下文的opened一词对本空比较有帮助。open一词是比较肯定的，与选项A是不符

19、的，可以先排除A。而选项B “防御”也跟本文背景无关，可以排除。选项 C “提供”，选项D “拿出”，“提供”养老院显然比起“拿出”养老院要更加符合表达和逻辑。因此C 项为正确答案。（18） . A. created B. produced C.invented D. manufactured（分数：0.50）A. JB.C.D.解析：解析四个选项的意思比较接近，也比较难判断。选项中最先排除的是invent “发明”，与文章无关。而manufacture ”制造，生产”与produce意思又很接近，可以同时排除。因此A项是最佳答案。（19）. A. provided B. equipped C

20、.shared D. workedA.B. V C.D.解析：解析本题考查词组搭配。四个选项都能和with搭配。首先provide sb. with sth.表示“为某人提供某物“：equip with表示“为装备：share with表示“与分享“；work with则表示“与合作”。C、D两项比较容易排除。而A、B两项代入原文背景，分别是“为牢房提供橡胶地板”，“给牢房配备了橡胶地板”，两者中显然后者合适。（20）. A. disrupted B. disobedient C. disgraced D. disabled（分数：0.50） A.B. C.D. V解析：解析本题填入的词需与前

21、面的ill 一词对应。唯有D项的disabled与ill接近，故D项为答案。二、B Section II Reading Comprehension/B（总题数：0,分数：0.00）三、BPart A/B（总题数:0,分数：0.00）四、BText 1/B（总题数：L 分数：10.00）Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.The European

22、Union reached a preliminary deal to curb banker，s compensation that would drastically limit the account that can be paid in bonuses. Britain resisted the move to cap the ratio between bankers1 fixed and variable pay. In a nod to opposition from the City of London the new rules treat long-term incent

23、ives linked to equities and bonds more favourably. The deal has to be agreed on by finance ministries next week.The Royal Bank of Scotland, which is still majority owned by the British taxpayer five years after a government bail-out, reported an annual pre-tax loss of 5.2 billion, mostly because of

24、an accounting quirk connected to the value of its own debts.RBSs loss was put in the shade, however, when Bankia later posted a net loss for 2012 of 19 billion. The Spanish government owns just under half the bank, but that is expected soon to rise to 70%.A report by McKinsey underlined the impact o

25、f the financial crisis onannual cross-border capital flows, which fell by 60% from 2007 to $4.6 trillion last year. The study says that financial globalisation has “stalled and that markets have reached an inflection point” that could lead to a Balkanised structure based on local, rather than global

26、, banking systems.Japan，s prime minister, Shinzo Abe, nominated Haruhiko Kuroda to become the next governor of the Bank of Japan. Mr. Kuroda is the current head of the Asian Development Bank and had been a vocal critic of the BOJ. Mr. Abe has turned the central bank，s record into a political issue,

27、urging it to do more to help the real economy”. India，s government unveiled the country，s most important budget in years, as it seeks to boost output while controlling inflation. Growth has cooled rapidly to around 5%. The official forecast says that the economy will expand by up to 6.6% in 2013-201

28、4, but the opposition is quick to point out that the estimate for this year was overly optimistic.(分数：io.oo)(1) . What can be learned from the opening paragraph?A. The E.U. has reached an agreement to control banker1s compensation.B. The deal would considerably increase the account paid in bonuses.C

29、. Britain agreed on the act to limit the ratio between banker* s fixed and variable D. The deal to curb banker* s compensation has been agreed on by finance ministries.（分数：2.00）A. VB.C.D.解析：解析推理题。选项与原文对比。A根据选项中的关键词the E.U.定位到第一段的首句，其中 the E. U.=the European Union； reach an agreement=reach a deal； cu

30、rb banker* scompensation=control banker* s compensation,故选项A是原文首句的同义转换，为正确答案。B根据 compensation 一词定位到该段首句，其中选项中的considerably二原文的drastically；其余部分保持不变，但是原文关键词limit （限制），被替换成选项中的increase（增加）。C根据Britain定位到该段第二句，原文说的是Britain resisted（拒绝），而选项说的是agree on（同意），故该选项是错的。D文章最后一句提到：The deal has to be agreed on by

31、finance ministries next week.意为“这个协议还未被同意”，而选项说的是 The deal has been agreed on by finance ministries.故错误。（2） . According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true?A.The RoyalBank of Scotlandis completely possessed by the British taxpayer.B. The Royal Bank of Scotlandsuffered a great loss that le

32、d to its bankruptcy.C.The Royal Bank ofScotlandsuffered the loss due to an accounting quirk.D. TheRoyalBankScotlandlost a great sum because of a financial crisis.（分数：2.00） A.B.C. J D.解析：解析细节题。选项与原文对比。该题四个选项的主语都是the Royal Bank of Scotland,而问题已经锁定了第二自然段，我们来一一分析。A选项中提到completely possessed by the Britis

33、h taxpayer（被英国纳税人完全占有）；而原文说的是still majority owned by the British taxpayer（大部分仍然被英国纳税人拥有），故A错误。B原文提到：RBS reported an annual pretax loss of 5.2 bi 1 lion（苏格兰皇家银行损失很大），但并未提到bankruptcy（破产）这样的字眼，故B错误。C原文说 RBS reported an annual pre-tax loss of 5.2 billion, mostly because of an accounting quirk而选项 C 说的是 s

34、uffered the loss due to an accounting quirk,即使不认识 quirk 这个词，至少我们知道选项C和原文几乎是原词复现，故为答案。D选项中出现的financial crisis在该段并未涉及，属于无中生有。（3） . The phrase* put in the shade*（Para.3） is most probably equal to. A.”put in the darkness* B.”nothing big in comparison* C.”more serious than others* D.”the most serious of

35、all*（分数：2.00） A.B. JC.D.解析：解析语义题。选项同与原文对比。语义题需要在文章上下文寻找同义替换信息，而且一般过于表面的选项往往不太可能是答案。选项A put in the darkness和原文put in the shade几乎是一样的，但并非文章所表达的意思。其余三项中，B表达的意思是“相比之下没什么大不了的”，即没那么严重；C表达的意思是“更严重”；D表达的意思是“最严重”。原文提到RBS损失了52亿英镑，而 Bankia的损失是190亿，因此相比而言RBS的损失没那么严重，故答案为B项。短语put in the shade 在此处可以理解为“相形见细”。（4）

36、. McKinsey s report has . A. emphasized the influence of financial crisis B. stressed the importance of financial globalisation C. shown the effect exerted by the *inflection point* D. highlighted the impact of “Balkanised structure（分数：2.00）A. JB. C. D.解析：解析细节题。选项与原文对比。根据大写的McKinsey我们定位到第四段。原文提到了 A

37、report by McKinsey underlined the impact of the financial crisis,而选项 A 说 McKinseys report has emphasized the influence of financial crisis.其中 underline 强调=emphasize； impact=influence,故A和原文是同义替换。B原文虽然提及financial gloabl isation 一词，但并未提到该选项中的stress the importance（强调其重要性），故B选项是错误的。C项关键词为inflection point

38、,在该段的第三行我们可以找到这个词，但是还是未提到它的effect （影响）。故C也是错误的。D 项关键词为“Balkanised” structure,非常容易定位，该项中的impact一词是无中生有。该题的B、 C、D三个选项都提及原文涉及的三个不同概念的词，但是均未提及它们的影响，该段唯一提到impact （影响）的地方是首句，强调的是the impact of financial crisis,故我们可以再次确认B、C、D都不是答案，答案为A。（5） . Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5? A.Kuroda

39、is the next prime minister of Japan. B. Kuroda is a supporter of the Bank of Japan. C. The central bank, s record was turned into a political issue by Kuroda. D. Japant s prime minister urged the central bank to take action to do something for the economy.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. J解析：解析细节题。选项与原文对比。该题无需自己定位

40、，题干帮我们定位到第五段。A根据Kuroda 这一关键词我们定位到该段首句，选项A说Kuroda是日本下一任首相，而原文说的是become the next governor of the Bank of Japan （是下一任日本银行的管理者）。故该选项错误。B该段第二句说Mr. Kuroda is the current head of the Asian Development Bank and had been a vocal critic of the BOJ.（Kuroda先生是现任亚洲发展银行的行长，并且是日本银行的直言不讳的批判者。）而该选项说的是 supporter of B

41、OJ（日本银行的支持者），显然黑白颠倒，故错误。C原文第三句说Mr. Abe has turned the central bank* s record into a political issue,而该选项却说是 Kuroda 做的，属于偷换概念，故错误。D 原文 Mr. Abe二选项 D 的 Japans prime minister, urging it=选项 D 的 urged the central bank,原文 to do more to help the real economy*=i441 take action to do something for the economy

42、,故D选项是原文的同义替换选项，为正确答案。五、BText 2/B（总题数：L 分数：10.00）On America，s Gulf coast, massive industrial facilities stand idle.Miles of twisting stainless-steel pipes and huge storage tanks gleam uselessly in the sun. They are a reminder of the hundreds of billions of dollars that America has invested in termin

43、als for handling imports of liquefied natural gas （LNG）. Thanks to the boom in domestic shale gas, those imports are no longer needed. America produces nearly as much gas as it consumes, and will soon produce far more.So the obvious thing to do with those idle terminals is to reengineer them to hand

44、le exports. Instead of receiving shiploads of liquefied gas and re-gasifying it, they should be taking American gas, liquefying it and loading it onto tankers. Converting these plants will not be cheap-each one will cost at least $5 billion. But the potential rewards are much larger.In America gas s

45、ells for around $3.40 per million British thermal units (mBTU). In Europe it costs around $12. In gas-poor Asia, spot cargoes change hands for as much as $20 per mBTU. Since it costs roughly $5 per mBTU to liquefy the stuff, ship it and turn it back into gas, America could be making a fortune from g

46、as exports. To the extent that such exports displaced dirty coal, they would also help curb global warming.Most of America，s two dozen LNG import terminals have applied for export licences. Yet only one, Sabine Pass in Louisiana, has actually started retooling its kit. Gas from there will start flow

47、ing onto global markets by the end of 2015. Why has every other terminal been so slow to seize this opportunity?Converting a plant is not easy: firms must build now upon row of expensive fridges, known as liquefaction trains”, to get gas moving in the opposite direction. But the real hold-up is poli

48、tical. No LNG facility besides Sabine has yet received permission to export. American law requires the Department of Energy to determine whether gas exports are in the public interest, and President Barack 0bama，s administration is in no hurry to make up its mind.(分数：10.00)(1). America became less d

49、ependent on imported gas due to. A. the use of massive industrial faci1ities B. billions of dollars invested in terminals C. the prosperity of home-produced gas D. the less consumption of domestic gas（分数：2.00） A.B.C. J D.解析：解析细节题。选项与原文对比。该题是第题，一般设置在首段，第二题明确定位了 Paragraph 2（第二自然段），也可以推断出第一题应该在第一段。根据该段

50、的第四句those imports are no longer needed那些进口（指液化天然气的进口），确定这是该题目的同义转换。而该句前面提到的 thanks to=题干的 due to,故答案就在 thanks to 之后。A 选项中的 massive industrial facilities 可以在首句找到，这只是原文提及的信息，并非美国更少地依赖进口气的原因。B选项中的billions of dollars invested in terminals也是原文干扰信息，但非答案。C前面提到，该题答案在thanks lo之后，即 the boom in domestic shale

51、gas 是答案。旦选项 C 的 prosperity=boom, home- produced=domestic,故为答案。虽然原文最后一句提到 America produces nearly as much gas as it consumes, and will soon produce far more.（美国几乎生产了它自身消耗气的量，并很快将会生产更多。）但没提到D选项所说的“消耗国内气的量少了。故D是错误的。（2） . What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?A. It is easy to deal with the idle terminal

52、s.B. The government will soon convert the idle terminals.C. The potential reward to convert the plants isnt substantial.D. Converting the plants may be beneficial in the long term.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. J解析：解析推理题。选项与原文对比。A第二段首句提到了 do with those idle terminals（处理那些闲置的终端设备），并未提到处理这些设备是easy（容易的），选项A的easy一词纯

53、属无中生有。B本段未涉及government这一内容，该选项属于无中生有。C根据potential reward定位到最后一句，该句提及：but the potential rewards are much larger,而 C 选项说的是 isnt substantial,与原文意思相反，故错误。D 该段最后两句提到：Converting these plants will not be cheap. But the potential rewards are much larger.说明从长远来看，转变这些设备是有回报，即有益的。D选项的 beneficial二原文的 rewards； i

54、n the long term=potential,故答案为 D。（3）. America can earn a great fortune by . A.gas imports B.gas exports C.imports of oi1 D.exports of coal（分数：2.00）A,B. VC.D.解析：解析细节题。选项与原文对比。根据题干可以定位到第三段第四行：America could be making a fortune from gas export.（美国通过气体出口可以大赚一笔。）由此很容易得出答案为B。（4）. We can learn from Paragrap

55、h 4 that . A.Sabine has begun to retool its facility. B.Sabine has begun to sell gas to global markets. C.Most LNG terminals have gained export licences. D.Every terminal has been quick to grab the chance.（分数：2.00）A. VB.C.D.解析：解析推理题。选项与原文对比。A根据选项中Sabine一词定位到该段第二行：Sabine Pass in Louisiana, has actual

56、ly started retooling its kit.其中 started二begun to； kit=facility。故 A 为答案。B 原文说：Gas from there will start flowing onto global markets by the end of 2015.其中flowing onto=sel 1 to；关键原文提到by the end of 2015即从2015年末Sabine才开始在全球市场上出售气，而该选项说的则是has begun （现在已经开始出售），故错误。C根据LNG定位到第一句： Most of America, s two dozen

57、 LNG import terminals have applied for export licences.原文说至 applied for export licences（申请出口执照），而该选项说 have gained export licences（已经获得出口执照），故错误。D根据every terminal, grab the chance定位到原文最后一句：Why has every other terminal been so slow to seize this opportunity?原文说的是 slow, D 选项说的却是 quick,黑白颠倒，因此错误。（5） . W

58、e can judge from the last paragraph that . A. No LNG facility except Sabine has gained permission to export. B. Gas exports in America represent the interest of the public. C. Barack Obamas government has made up its mind. D. A plant is difficult to be converted.（分数：2.00） A.B.C.D. V解析：解析推理题。选项与原文对比。

59、A no LNG facility帮我们定位到第三行：No LNG facility besides Sabine has yet received permission to export.表面看该选项和原文几乎一致，其中 gained permission二原文的received permission。但选项中出现了 except,原文说的是besides,注意两词有本质区别，except是“除了之外；besides强调包括在内。即原文说的是：没有LNG设施（包括Sabine 在内）获得许可出口。该选项说的是：没有LNG设施（除了 Sabine以外）获得许可出口，故错误。B根据 inter

60、est of the publ ic 定位至U第四行 American law requires the Department of Energy to determine whether gas exports are in the public interest.原文说：石油出口是否符合公众利益尚待确定，而B选项说：石油出口符合了公众利益。语意不符，故错误。C根据Barack Obama定位到最后一句：President Barack Obamas administration is in no hurry to make up its mind.关键词是 in no hurry不急着做决

61、定，选项C说has made up its mind已经做好决定，语意不符，故错误。D该段第一句 Converting a plant is not easy.二D 项 A plant is difficult to be converted.故答案为 D。六、BText 3/B（总题数：1,分数：10.00）In Jonathan Swifts 1726 novel,“Gullivers Travels”, the Yahoos are a degraded band of humanoids kept tied in stalls by their captors. It is there

62、fore appropriate that a recent, widely leaked memo from Yahoo, s human-resources manager, Jackie Reses, began with the toecurling salutation with which managers at the company normally address underlings:Yahoos”.We can all feel the energy and buzz in our offices,，z the memo went on. Presumably, though, while some Yahoos are feeling it, others are hanging around at home in their pajamas, for t