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1、 组织学与胚胎学组织学与胚胎学 Histology and EmbryologyChapter 1 Introduction of Histology.What is Histology?Histology is the study of the fine structure of human body and its related functions.ocell and tissue,organ and systemo 1665 year,Hook Robert(English)-cello 1801 year,Bichat(French)-tissue o 1838 year,Schwa
2、nn and Schleiden-cello 1932 year,Ruska and Knoll-electron microscopeo basic tissues of human body:epithelial tissue,connective tissue,muscular tissue and nerve tissueThe Important Standing of Histology in medicine Structure of human body(anatomy&histology)Function of human body(physiology&biochemist
3、ory)Changed structure by diseases (pathology)Changed function by diseases(Path phasiology)Disease of diagnosisClassification of disease internal medicine surgery pediatrics gynecology.Histologic Methods1.Preparation of Tissue Section Measure unit：micrometer,m(0.2 m)1.1 Fixation To avoid tissue diges
4、tion by enzymes within the cells or by bacteria and to preserve the structure and molecular compositionFixative:formaldehyde,alcohol so ono dehydration:ethanol(graded series)o clearing:xyleneo Paraffin embedding(routine)1.2 Embedding1.3 Sectioning Microtome,5-10 m tissue section Smear Spread section
5、 Ground section Cryostat:frozen section1.4 StainingHE staining:Hematoxylin and eosin Basophilia,acidophilia,neutrophilia异染性异染性 Metachromasia(mast cell)嗜银性嗜银性 Argyrophilia.Electron microscopy light wavelength:369-760nm electron beam wavelength:0.012nm resolving power 0.1-0.2nm(1nm=1/1000m)Transmissio
6、n electron microscopy,TEM ultrathin section:ultramicrostome 50-80nmPrinciple of Transmission Electron MicroscopeElectron MicroscopeThe Image of TMEelectron denseelectron lucent2.Scanning Electron Microscopy,SEM The SEM shows only surface views The Image of SEM.Histochemistry and CytochemistryPrincip
7、le:The terms are used mainly localizing different substances in tissue sections.Most of them based on specific chemical reactions or on high-affinity interactions between macromolecules.1.Periodic acid Schiff reaction,PAS Polysaccharides HIO4 -(多糖）多糖）glycol groups Schiff reagent （多醛）（多醛）purple color
8、 in areas of polysaccharidesPAS reaction of intestinal villus.ImmunohistochemistryPrinciple:to identifying and localizing the polypeptide and the protein in cell a highly specific interaction is that between an antigen and its antibody Fluorescent(FITC,TRITC,Cy3,Cy5)Peroxidase as a labelDirect and i
9、ndirect methodsABC methodImmunocytochemistry（SABC method）Fluorescence Immunocytochenmistry.Study method of live tissue and cell1.Cell and tissue cultureoLive cells and tissue can be maintained and studied outside the body.（in vitro）oTo avoid complex elements in vivo and observe the effect of single element on cell and tissueTissue engineeringautoradiography Highlight of this chapter1.What is Histology?2.Preparation of paraffin section (basophilia,acidophilia)1.What is observed by TEM,and by SEM in cell and tissue(electron dense and electron lucent)?2.What is PAS?
组织学与胚胎学课件：组 织 学 绪 论2014
