林业词汇中英文

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1、Company number :0089WT-8898YT-W8CCB-BUUT-202108林业词汇2009-5同龄林forest consisting of even-aged stand (trans.)掠夺式经营exploitation management；high grading间歇经营、间歇经营林；间歇作业 intermittent production；forest under intermittent management林分经营；林分管理 stand management；management on a stand basis立木蓄积、立木度stocking (=d)更新作

2、业法；作业法silvicultural system稽核；照查control永续林；恒续林continuous cover forest永续林经营；永续林施业；恒续林施业 continuous cover forest management system单木作业；单采作业；单木施业forest management by individual trees掠夺式伐采exploitation划伐、伞伐混合作业；群状伞伐作业 shelterwood group system；group shelterwood system划伐作业；群状择伐作业group selection system；group

3、 selection management经营林；施业林；生产林managed forest营林监督forest inspection森林经营计划；森林经营(学) forest management ()；forest management planning(neol.)森林法forest act；forest ordinance；forest law营林监督forest inspection森林条例；森林法令forest ordinance林业；林学forestry林业经济；林业经济学forest economics高山林；山岳林；山地林mountain forest大面积伞伐作业；大面积伞

4、状天然下种法；广状伞伐更新法 uniform shelterwood system小面积集团森林经营group management乔林；用材林high forest乔林作业high forest system木材需求；木材需要demand for wood木材供销；木材获得timber supply木材生产timber production ； wood production原木分级；材种；原木检尺 timber assortment 木材消费wood consumption；timber consumption木材供给wood procurement林产业；木材工业；木材加工业 timbe

5、r industry；wood processing industry禁止皆伐clear fell ban；prohibition of clear cutting皆伐作业（法）clearcutting system ； crearfelling system地景经营；地景施业；景观施业 landscape management地景保护；景观保护landscape protection阔叶树林broadleaved forest ； hardwood forest多目标（利用）林业 multiple-use management；multi-use management混交林；混合林；混生林m

6、ixed woodland；mixed forest中林作业；矮林保残作业法 coppice with standards system；composite forest system；storied coppice system(UK)针叶树林coniferous forest近天然经营林分；近自然经营之林分near to nature forest；naturally managed forest天然林；自然林；自生林natural forest；indigenous forest矮林；萌芽林coppice forest ； sprout forest ； low forest矮林择伐作业

7、；择伐矮林作业 coppice selection system 矮林作业；简单(单纯)矮林作业 simple coppice system 正规林业；正规森林经营；合法的林业 regulated forest management人工林经营plantation management择伐作业selection system；single tree selection system择伐林selection forest； plenter-wood环状划伐；带状划伐；带进孔状伞伐 strip-and-group felling ()带状划伐；带进群状伞伐作业strip-and-group fell

8、ing system带状伐采作业strip cutting system ； strip felling system速生林作业free growth management伞伐作业法shelterwood method ； shelterwood system异龄混交法；混合林；混交林 highly structured forests保残木作业；二段乔林作业；保残乔林作业high forest with reserves (system)；highforest with standards(system)原始林；原生林virgin forest蓄积保育management of the gr

9、owing stock育林（学） ；造林；造林学silviculture森林利用（学）forest utilization；forest utilisation森林生态系forest ecosystem牧野经营；牧野管理；草原管理 pasture management；range management再造林义务replant duty；legal obligation to replant作业级；事业区working circle森林调查专家（员）；森林调查专业人员forest inventory specialist森林经营计划之归纳及演绎计划法；森林经营（经理）之归纳及演绎法 indica

10、tive andcontrol of forest growth (trans.)deductive forest management methods 森林生长控制绩效检验performance test永续林业；永续森林经营sustainable forest management永续性；保续；永续sustainablility永续作业；永续经营sustained-yield management永续准则；永续基准sustainability criteria永续经营调整；永续经营规整（调整）sustained yield regulation禁伐；禁伐令；禁止开发preservation

11、 order；exploitation ban再生产reproduction超伐；过伐overcutting；overfelling伐采龄felling age树龄，林龄age龄级结构；龄级分布；龄级构成age calss distribution林木界限；树限；乔木界限timber line；tree line林业经营单元（单位）management unit林缘；林分边界stand edge；edge of a stand林分安全性（稳定性）stand stability经营安全性；低风险之森林经营；森林经营之风险回避（低危险） low-risk forest management财政轮伐

12、期；理财的轮伐期 financial rotation 面积加权平均林龄；森林之加权平均林龄weighed average age of a forest（trans.）伐采方向；伐木倒向 felling direction 伐采周期；回归期；循环期felling cycle；cutting cycle次序；优先级；顺序 order 天然林演替相；天然林演替阶段；天然林之发育过程（阶段） development phases of （natural） forests森林经营计划期；计划期间；作业计划期planning period；forest managementperiod；working

13、 plan period择伐作业体系；择伐作业 生产期；生产时间；生产性作业时间 林缘保护；林分边缘保护 空间次序；收获地域（地点）顺序 林缘（缘条）；境界 伐采顺序（序列）forest selection system production time；productive timeedge protectionspatial orderedge ；bordercutting sequence；felling sequence伐采序列felling series经营计划起始日；经营计划之开始日 starting date of a management plan (trans.)生态稳定性ec

14、ological stability工艺轮伐期technical rotation林衣；林套forest mantle收获周期；回归年(期)harvesting cycle；cutting cycle轮伐期rotation；rotation length最大材积收获轮伐期；材积收获最多之轮伐期 rotation of maximum volume production 最大收益轮伐期；金钱总收益最高之轮伐期 rotation of maximum cash flow；maximum cash flow rotation最大土地净收益轮伐期；土地纯收益最高之轮伐期 rotation of max

15、imum soil rent 最大森林净收益轮伐期；森林纯收益最高之轮伐期 rotation of maximum income； rotation of the highest net income伐期龄；轮伐期 rotation age更新级 regeneration class更新期regeneration interval；regeneration period预测forecast；prognosis；prediction森林覆盖率；森林占有率；森林率percent forest cover森林结构；森林构造forest structure；forest composition森林界限

16、；树木界限forest boundary；forest limit抗风力；暴风抗力；耐风力；风阻力 windthrow resistance；wind resistance；wind firmness森林经营单元；森林经营单位 forest management unit经济伐期economic maturity收获时序；收获次序temporal order时间序列time series时间序列分析；时序分析time series analysis收获表yield table理想立木度；法正蓄积；理想蓄积normal stocking理想蓄积growing stock；ideal standi

17、ng volume地方收获表local yield table材积收获volumetric yield法正龄级分布 normal (ideal) age classdistribution法正蓄积normal growing stock法正林；理想林；正规林normal forest法正林模式；理想林模式normal forest model ； ideal forest model现实林actual forest (trans.)材种别收获表；利用材积收获表 assortment yield table材种别收获表assortment table法正计算上之裸地；理论上之无立木地；理论上之未

18、立木地 theoretical clearfell area林况forest condition目标蓄积target growing stock目标林target forest ( trans. )生长表increment table土地利用型；土地利用分类land-use classification地块；林分；土地区分parcel；land parcel森林使用权forest right；right of forest use；(forest privilege)森林企业；林业企业；森林事业体forest enterprise森林所有权；森林地产 forest estate 森林所有权分割

19、；森林所有之分割 forest fragmentation；fragmentation of forest holdings 非生产林；保护林non-productive forest (trans.)保安林protected forest (=d)游憩地；森林游憩林；森林游乐林recreational forest小面积林丛；灌丛；萌生(芽)林；矮林copse教学林；展示林；实验林；试验林 demonstration forest；instruction forest；training forest；university forest 未经营林；未施业林 unmanaged forest 森

20、林公园forest park；park forest保安林 protection forest 森林保护法案；保安林之划定forest protection act森林功能；森林机能；森林利用 forest use；forest land use；forset function 森林功能分类；森林机能分类forest land use class森林带；树林带forest belt；woodland belt森林步道forest nature trail；forest walk限制林；限制使用林 limited use forest (trans. )保存林；预备林forest reserve

21、； reserved forest防风林带；保护林带shelterbelt ；windbreak经济林；生产林commercial forest ； production forest森林公益功能；森林公益机能；森林社会效益(利益) social benefits of forests林班compartment；forest compartment林班界compartment boundary林分stand小班界；林分界sub-compartment boundary；stand boundary防火带；防火线fire break ；fire line森林地域forest area鉴界；境界补

22、正；境界纠正 boundary correction；rectification of boundaries林地forest land非生产地；非林地；除地non-productive forest land林区管理处forest district苗圃nursery；tree nursery；forest nursery林区；森林区forest range ； range保护带；保护林（树）带；缓冲带 protection belt；protection strip；buffer strip调查单位；抽查单位survey unit ； inventory unit小班sub-compartme

23、nt准小班；造林地号；小班stand绝对的森林土壤；限适森林的土壤 soil only suitable for forest (trans.)森林劣化、土壤劣化forest degradation收获水平；生产水平yield level方位；a坡向；斜面方向aspect； direction of slope森林植物社会学(forest ) plant sociology霜孔；易受霜害地frost hollow倾斜角；坡度（降）；梯度gradient自然度naturalness潜在自然森林社会/植群；潜在自然植生 potential natural forest community地貌；起伏

24、度relief立地调查；生育地调查；地况调查；土地测绘 site survey；site mapping；site apparaisal；site apparaisement 立地描述，生育地描述；土地描述；地况记载 site description；destription of site 地位指数；土地指数；地位指标site index立地因子，生育地因子site factor立地型；生育地型；地位型site type森林生物生态空间调查；森林小区测绘 forest biotope mapping森林土壤forest soil森林区；森林地带forest region森林社会；森林生态体系f

25、orest community；forest association林型；森林型forest type森林荒芜；森林破坏forest destruction生长区域；生长范围；森林带 growth zone良木cull ； reject； cull wood尖削度；尖梢；梢杀high taper林龄查定；林龄调查age determination枝条材；枝材branchwood枝条性branchiness无节knot-free尖削系数；尖削度；尖削指数taper coefficient树木；乔木tree树种pecies ； tree species树高tree height树木形数tree f

26、orm factor树木材积total tree volume树型级tree class测树mensuration林木材积式；干材积式 tree volume equation；volume equation；tariff number胸高breast height .)可利用材；成材；可利及费材（材积）merchantable timber volume可利用材积形数；材积形数timber form factor肥大生长；直径生长diamemter growth尖削；直径递减taper直径生长(量)；肥大生长diameter increment； diameter growth定期平均生长量

27、periodic average increment材积表(uniform) tariff晋级生长ingrowth精英树；菁英树；特优树elite tree； champion tree剥皮peeling；bark removal；debarking；barking去皮材积；收获实材积cubic meter under bark (m3u. b.)收获损失harvest loss； harvest waste连皮材积(fm)；含皮材积；实积立方公尺cubic meter over bark (.) 形状高； 树形高 form height ； volume/basal area ratio ；

28、 tree form height形状高生长；树形高生长form height increment形率；形商；直径率form quotient形数；形状系数form factor (f)胸高断面积basal area (b. a.)胸高断面积表；断面积表；圆面积表 table of basal areas； basal-area table； table of sectional areas树干解析stem analysis树高生长height growth年轮解析analysis of annual rings； tree ring analysis年轮；生长轮growth ring； an

29、nual ring轮尺callipers； caliper直径测定diamter measurement最小测量径级；测径界限；直径界限 minimum dbh (by inventory)树冠crown树冠（林冠）结构；树冠构造 crown structrue树冠直径；冠径crown width树冠级crown class材积轮尺volumetric callipers阔叶树broadleaved tree；hardwood tree期间生长量；当年生长量 current increment连年生长量current annual increment原木检尺；伐木检尺（测定）measureme

30、nt of felled timber常设标志；测标measurement mark测定位置measurement location中央直径mid-diameter中央周围；中央圆周mid-girth母树mother tree针叶树conifer ； softwood tree定期生长量periodic increment精英树；优型树；选留树plus tree ； selected tree暴长木；暴露木wolf tree层积立方公尺cubic meter stacked自记轮尺；电子轮尺recording cal(l)iper(s)皮材率；树皮率bark deduction；bark al

31、lowance；bark factor树皮厚度计；树皮计；树皮测定器bark gauge树干；干材；主干stem；trunk；bole树干形质stem quality树干级；树型级stem quality class树干形数stem form factor形状比height-dbh ratio区分求积volune measurement by sections原木分等；材种分等log grading；grading of logs； grading of stems树干；主干stem树干长stem length； timber length萌芽；萌条；萌糱coppice shoot；stool

32、 shoot ；sucker；sprouttariffreserving of standardsgirth breast height (gbh)girth over barkgirth under barkgirth incrementdiameter limit简化材积表保留木；保存木；保残木胸高圆周长；胸高周围长连皮圆周长；连皮周围长去皮圆周长；无皮周围长周围生长量；圆周生长量 可利用最小直径；最小利用直径活力；生长力 vitality每木调查complete enumeration材积timber volume材积生长（量）volume increment生长参数；测定要素growt

33、h parameters；increment parameters生长率；成长率；生长速率growth percent ；increment percent价值成长value increment树梢；梢top生长活力；生长潜力vigour生长形；生长型；生育型growth form末端直径；末口直径；末径top (end) diameter； small end diameter主林木；主伐木；收获树final crop tree ； future tree； crop tree容许误差allowance增长量；生长（量）；增量increment生长锥increment borer增长系数；生

34、长率；生长系数increment coefficient受压木；中庸木intermediate tree株距；株距值tree spacing平均年生长量；龄级平均增长量mean annual increment树高生长曲线 height curve；height development curve；height age curve 人工新造林地；次生幼龄林 establishment算术平均树高arithmetic mean height算术平均直径arithmetic mean diameter人工幼龄林；人造幼龄林pre-thicket母树林；选留木林分；特优母树林 elite stand

35、；selected stand；selected crop树种混淆；混淆杆材木；老龄林 树层；乔木层 立木株数；株数；立木数 建造期；成林期间 树冠被覆；林冠披覆 林分密度species mixture；mixturepole size timbertree layernumber of stems establishment periodcover；crown cover；canopy coverstand density林分发育；林分生育期（阶段） stand development；development of a stand林分形数stand form factor林分胸高断面积；林分

36、胸高断面积合计 stand basal area 林内孔隙；林隙；林分未遮蔽率 clearing 林分剖面；林分断面图stand profile；cross-section of a stand林分结构；林分构造 stand structure；constitution of a stand；structure of a stand蓄积结构；蓄积构造立木度；林分密度指数地位级；立地位级growing stock structurestand density indexsite class可利用材积生长量；利用材积生长量 merchantable timber increment郁闭期；丛林；壮

37、龄林 thicket断面积平均木直径 quadratic mean diameter；diameter of mean basal area tree断面积中央木直径；中央断面积直径 median dbh40%百分位胸径；40%规则的平均胸径 mean dbh according to the 40% rule直径分布diameter distribution平均总生长量；总平均生长量mean gross increment标准树高曲线standard height curve单层林single-storied stand冰霜害ice damage主伐林分；主伐木；主伐收获final crop

38、暂植木；补植木filler总收获材积total volume ；total yield郁闭林分；最大蓄积林分fully stocked stand同龄林；同龄林分even-aged stand均质林分；一齐林；均匀林分；同形林；同质林 uniform stand树群；群group； group of trees伐期平均生长量final mean annual increment；average yield class主要树种main tree species主林分；主林木；主伐木 main crop；principal crop；main stand；principal stand优势木dom

39、inant crop次要树种；副树种；补助的混交树种；经济价值少的树种 nurse species；auxiliaryspecies；accessory species断面积平均木树高height of mean basal area tree；mean height断面积中央木树高median height40%百分位树高；40%规则的树高height according to the 40% rule团；灌木；树丛see “ group”未成熟材；未熟材juvenile wood幼龄生长；幼龄林；丛状林thicket林分水平结构；林分水平构造horizontal stand structu

40、re每木调查表；调查表；检尺簿；野帐；明细表 tally sheet；measurement list胸高断面积平均木；断面积平均木mean basal area tree冠层；林冠；树冠 canopy树冠竞争；树冠竞合crown competition树冠层；林冠层crown layer树冠郁闭度；林冠密度crown closure ； crown cover灌丛；树形不良林分；矮林；灌木林 scrub (stand)连年总平均年生长量；连年生长量 total mean increment复层林multi-storied stand混合(交)树种associated species林分平均胸

41、高直径；林木平均直径 mean diameter ； average diameter林分平均树高average height； stand height平均树高Loreys mean height中央木；平均木mean tree天然修枝；天然落枝；自行修枝natural pruning；self pruning次要树种；副树种；从属种secondary species ； subordinates pecies附属林分secondary crop上层overstor(e)y；uppermost layer；upper stor(e)y上层木overwood； upper crop先驱树种pi

42、oneer species； pioneer形质生长（量）quality increment ；increase in quality成熟林mature stand纯林pure stand； pure crop采运损伤；出材损伤extraction damage采种林；母树林seed stand； parent stand损害；疵伤；损伤defect ； damage树（林）冠疏密度canopy density雪害snow damage强势木生产力 ；生产力指数；地位指数productivity index株距；干距tree spacing；spacing（between trees）；esp

43、acement立木位置图；直径分布；胸径分布；树干分布；林木分布 dbh distribution 立地稳定性；立地强度stability of stand中龄林；杆材；小径木（林）pole stage；pole crop风害wind damage； storm damage枯死木dead trees小群see group过熟林分；老龄过熟林分（木）overmature stand异龄林uneven-aged stand不规则林；不整齐林irregular stand下层林；下层植生；下木understor(e)y；underwood；undergrowth留存木；主林木main crop a

44、fter thinning；residual stand试验地；试验区；试区experimental site；experimental area林分垂直结构；林分垂直构造vertical stand structure主要树种main species；principal species立木蓄积；林木蓄积growing stock生长函数 growth function 指标林分index stand；indicator stand；control stand兽害；鹿伤害；动物危害 tree damage caused by forest fauna (trans.) 林分成长龄级；林分成长级

45、数；自然的龄级 stand development class生长空间；生育空间 中央木平均生长；增长量中央木 生长率；增长百分比；成长率 二层林；二段林取样率sampling intensity；必要样本数；最少样本数 调查；定期抽样调查 遥测；遥感探测 定期调查；追踪调查 集团取样法 分层取样；分层取出之样本growing sapce平均生长木mean growth treeincrement percent ； growth percenttwo-storiedsampling fraction；sampling raterequired sample sizeinventoryremo

46、te sensingperiodic inventorycluster samplingstratified sample测高器 height meter 测树学mensuration；dendrometry森林调查；森林清查inventory；forest inventory；forest survey森林调查设计 inventory design 森林调查方法；森林清查方法inventory method水平样线法（直线样品）line-plot survey；line-plot；strip survey列表样品；3P样品；列表取样list sampling航空照片判释aerial phot

47、o interpretation空中摄影测量 aerial photo （graphic） survey； aerial photo（graphic）inventory； aerial survey空中三角测量aerial photo triangulation材积调查；蓄积推定 volume determination；（standing）timber determination； growing stock determination数理统计学的样本分析statistical analysis of inventory data目视估计立木材积 volume estimation by s

48、ight； ocular volume estimation 正射投影图（照片）；正射图orthophoto （graph）定期调查；多相取样法multiphase sampling永久样区；连续森林调查法 continuous forest inventory with permanent samples 样区；标准地sample plot样区调查法inventory by sample plots机率比例取样法 proportional sampling； probability proportional to size（pps）林分断面积调查仪；林分面积调查仪 (relascope) r

49、elascope； relascop林分株数调查enumeration ； tally样本sample圆形样区法sampling using a range of fixed radius plots固定面积样区法；样本地法fixed area sampling变动面积样 区法；变动样区法；可变半径样区法 sampling using variable radius plots取样；抽样sampling取样单元；抽样单位；取样单位 sampling unit取样误差；样本误差sampling error取样法；取样调查法sampling methods取样数sample number；samp

50、le size ； size of a sample样本分布 sampling unit distribution分层；层次stratification层；层聚stratum / strata系统取样；系统抽样法systematic sampling系统误差systematic error林分特性估测 stand estimation；estimation of stand characteristics估测法appraisal method连续森林调查的临时样本；连续的森林调查；变换样本的暂时样本 continuous forest inventory with changing sampl

51、es (trans.)材积计算volume calculation；volume measurement先驱调查；预备调查pilot survey ；pilot inventory蓄积调查inventory of growing stock生长量研究（试验）；生长量调查increment study经营记帐单位；经营计划单位；记帐单位 management planning unit 伐采量；伐采收获felling volume；felling yield生产材明细表；生产材目录；堆积材明细表 product summary （trans.） 年伐量annual cut；annual yiel

52、d执行稽核；实行照查（稽核）control of prescriptions森林绩效检定；稽核簿；经营簿（监控） control of forest development（trans.） 经营簿；作业稽核；稽核簿control of operation；work tracking木材生产稽核；照查；稽核control of forest production（trans.）经营计划检订；施业计划检订 management plan revision；working plan revision 检尺timber scaling；scaling of felled timber经营计划的执行 p

53、lan of operations 森林稽查；森林踏查 forest inspectorate 经营计划期中检订；施业计划期中检定 management plan revision 经营计划；森林经理计划operational （forest） planning经营目标；施业目的；经营目的 management objective 经营目标类型；施业（经营）目的type of management objective经营计划手册；经营规定（指令）；计划手册 management prescriptions；management instructions；management requlatio

54、ns 土地纯益论；土地纯收益说 theory of soil rent林分经营计划；森林经营细部计划；林分经营计划stand management planning坑木minig timber ； pit wood主分类、木材主要等级main assortment ； main category副产物 accessory product；by-product；minor product；minor produce操作性的operational抚育目标；保育目的tending objective森林经营中期计划forest management planning生产目标（目的）productio

55、n target原木；圆木round timber ； round wood制材原木（圆木）；用材sawlog大径木；制材用材sawlog stage作业类转换；林相改良；作业种转换（变更）conversion林相变更；作业转换（变更）transformation更新目标（目的）regeneration target生长加速；生长（率）增加growth acceleration ； increase in growth育林目标silvicultural objective；silvicultural goal森林纯利论；森林纯利理论（说）theory of forest rent（al）林经营

56、，森林管理management森林经营目标（目的） forest management objective；management objective目标直径（理想直径） target diameter目标函数objective function生长加速；生长量增加increase in growth rate土壤改良 soil improvement生产计划production planning；planning of production造林；植林afforestation；forestation补植 filling in；beating up；reinforcement planting；

57、filling of blanks 树种更替；树种变换(更)change of species；transformation林分建造；造林、育林 establishment (of a stand)；stand establishment；crop establishment 裸露地；未立木地；无立地木；空林地clearing；unstocked area土壤翻松；搅土；翻松；松土 scarification补植林（在过去未植林地）；补充造林；替代造林 compensatory planting造林失败地；无立木地森林植物；森林苗木 群状栽植；群状造林；块植 产地证明（书）；产地认证blank

58、 ； failureforest plants；planting stockgroup planting ； block plantingcertificate of origin人工更新artificial regeneration造林计划；栽植计划 planting plan；afforestation plan；establishment plan果实mast补植replacement planting种苗认证；种子认证；植物认证；种子保证单certification of plants；certification ofseed；certification of planting造林；栽

59、植 plantation栽植距离；栽植间隔；植树间隔 planting sapce；planting distance；spacing of plants； espacement择伐更新regeneration in the selection system纯林；单一栽培monoculture伐区；作业现场 cutting area；felling area；logging area；logging site 整地；生育地整治 site preparation；clearing of the felling area；site clearing休闲期reforestation interval林下栽植；树下栽植；下木栽植 understor(e)y management更新regeneration全面整地；全部耕耘complete cultivation ； full cultivation上层保护更新；老林分造林；早期更新林分 advance planting 更新前期作业；前更新作业 advance regeneration；advance reproduction森林更新forest renewal混农林业agroforestry；agro-forestry修枝；打枝；人工修枝pruning； artificial pruning抚育间伐；上层间伐select