高考英语复习定语从句的考点要点.ppt

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1、Grammar 语法知识 定 语 从 句 Gr ammar 修饰名词和代词的成分 定语 : a beautiful flower a tall boy beauti ul tal 定语从句： 修饰名词和代词的从句 This is the best film that I have seen. 定语从句 先行词 t 关系词 This is the best film that I have seen. 关系词 引导定语从句 代替先行词 在从句中担当一个成分 关系词的作用 1） 2） 3） Beijing is the city that / which has got the chance to

2、 host the 2008 Olympic Games. Beijing the city get the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games. Revision1 the usage of the relative pronoun 关系 代词 指代 在 定语从句中所充当的成 分 人 物 句子 主语 宾语 定语 who whom which that whose the usage of the relative adverb 关系副词 指代 所充当的句子成分 when where why time place reason adverbial adv

3、erbial adverbial 类别 意义 功能 形式 关系代词 限定性 定语从 句 非限定 性定语 从句 起限定作用。 若省略，原句 意义不完整。 起补充说明作 用。若省略， 原句意义不受 影响。 修饰 先行 词 修饰先 行词 / 整个句 子 无逗 号隔 开 有逗 号与 主句 隔开 有 that 无 that Revision 2 限制性定语从句与非限制 性定语从句的区别 作 宾语 时可以 省略 不可以 省略 Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. Her brother, who i

4、s now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college. Revision 2 限制性定语从句与非限制 性定语从句的区别 她 那当兵的哥哥 总是鼓励她上大学。 （ 隐含意思：或许不止一个哥哥） 她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。 The book (that /which) I bought yesterday is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix. The book ,which I bought yesterday, is Harry Potter and the Order of Pho

5、enix. 有 that，作 宾语 时可以省略 无 that ,作宾语时不可以省略 ， 我昨天买的 那本书是 哈里 .波特与凤凰令 1.指物时只用 that 或 which 的情况 2.介词 +关系代词 3.Whose 用法及转换形式 4.as 与 which的区别 5.指人时 that 与 who的区别 6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词 7.定语从句中的主谓一致问题 常见考点 1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether 2. Is there anything else _ you

6、require? A. which B. that C. who D. what 3. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it 考点一 :that 与 which 的区别 先行词为 all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定 代词时，关系代词用 that 4. He talked happily about the men and books _ interested him greatly i

7、n the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom 5. There is no dictionary _ you can find everything. A. that B. which C. where D. in that 6. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 7. Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you? A. that B. which C. where D. it 先行词为 人和物的 组

8、合 先行词被 all, little, much, every, no, 等 修饰时 先行词被 序数词 或 最高级 修饰先行词前有 序数词 (the first),形容词最高级 (the best), the last, the very, the only 等时。 若主句中有疑问代词 who 或 者 which，为了避免重复 , 关 系代词不要再用 who, which， 而用 that。 1. 先行词为 all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词 2.先行词被 all, little, much, eve

9、ry, no, 等修饰时。 3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词 (the first),形容词最高级 (the best), the last, the very, the only 等时。 4. 先行词为人和物的组合 5.若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者 which，为了避免重复 , 关系代词不要再用 who, which，而用 that。 只用 that的情况 : 考点一 :that 与 which 的区别 1. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. A.which B that C

10、this D.it 只用 which的情况 : 1,逗号后面 2,介词后面 2. The day _ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952. A.on which B that C which D.this 考点二 :介词 +关系代词 提醒 : 介词 关系代词引导的定语从句 , 关键 是判断介词的选择 . 方法一 :根据从句中 动词 与 先行词 习惯搭配 方法二 :根据从句中动词与先行词的 逻辑关系 注意： 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾 语时，从句常常由“介词 +关系代词”引 出。此时关系代词只能用 which 或 whom; 不可用 that 或 who 代替 The

11、man is from Beijing University . I talked about him at the meeting. The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. Join them into one sentence. =The man about I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. 关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用 that，也 不能省略，常用 which或 whom。该介词通常可以 放在

12、关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。 whom 但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组 主体，不作前置 Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for ? Filling blanks: 1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster. 2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage. with whom in which 考点三 Whose 用法及转换形式 1. whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词， 构成名词短语。 Thats the c

13、hild whose father is a teacher. Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor? This is a book whose cover is green. 2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可 以指人，还可以指物。 3. whose的先行词指物时 , 可用 of which代替 , 但词序不同， 即 whose+名词 =the +n + of which =of which + the + n. He lives in the room whose window faces south. = He lives

14、 in the room, faces south. = He lives in the room, faces south. the window of which of which the window 考点四： as与 which引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以 互换，但下列情况多用 as。 1. 当与 such或 the same连用时，一般用 as。 e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you. 2. as 引导的从句可以放在句首 , as 本身有 “ 正

15、 如 .正象 ” 之意，与之连用的词有 know, see, expect, announce, point out 等。 e.g. As we all know, the earth is round. 1. _ was natural, he married Jenny. A. Which B. That C. This D. As 2. Such signs _ we use in the experiment _ Greek letters. A. as, are B. as, is C. that, are D. that, is 3. She is very good at dan

16、ce, _ everybody knows. A. that B. which C. who D. as 4. _ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. A. Which B. What C. That D. As 5. We do the same work _ they do. A. which B. as C. than D. like Anyone _breaks the law is punished. Those _ break the law are punished. He _ breaks the law i

17、s punished. 在 anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行词 时 , 用” who” 代替 “ that”. 考点五 : that 与 who的区别 who who who 考点六 : 如何判断用 关系副词 还是 关系代词 ? 选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点： 1.先行词 2.关系词在从句中充当的成分 。 做主语，宾语，定语用 做状语用 关系代词 关系副词 I will never forget the day _ I first went to school. I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beij

18、ing. The house _ we visited is being repaired now. The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now. when (which/that) (which/that) where 考点七 :定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它 的 先行词 保持一致。 1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty 2.Don t choose me, who _not fit for this job is am 3. This is one of t

19、he best books _. A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written D. that have written 4. She is not the only one of the girls _ well in class. A. which sings B. who sing C. who sings D. who to sing 1. Is this factory _ we visited last week? D Is this the factory _ we

20、 visited last Week? A、 where B、 that C、 to which D、 the one B 解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈 述句式。 Exercises 2. Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used. A、 where B、 that C、 of whom D、 which A 先行词是 situation, case, scene 时， 一般用 where,最佳 选择则是 in which 3. She will never forget the day_ she s

21、pent in Beijing. A、 when B、 what C、 which D、 why C She will never forget the day_ she stayed with him in Beijing. A 5. The college won t take anyone _ eyesight is weak. A、 who B、 whose C、 of whom D、 which B 6.Those _ to take part in the game write down your names. A、 who B、 who want C、 who wants D、

22、what B 7. I dont like English, _ grammar I am not interested. I dont like English, _ grammar is difficult to learn. I like this house, _ doorway is just enough to get . I like this house, _ doorway is small. A. in which B. which C. through whose D. whose A B C D 8. I， _ your good friend, will try my

23、 best to help you out. A、 who is B、 what is C、 what am D、 who am D 9. Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk? A、 which B、 that C、 what D、 as B 10. His walking stick, _ he can t walk, was lost yesterday. A、 that B、 with which C、 which D、 without which D 11. Which of the two cows _ you ke

24、ep produces more milk? A、 which B、 that C、 what D、 as B 12. As many members _ were present agreed to the plan. A. who B. that C. which D. as D 13. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. who D. what B 14. This is the same pen _I lost yesterday. A. as B. that C.the one D

25、. A&B D 比较： .the same pen as I lost. . the same pen that I lost. 表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是 则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支 . 15. The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve. The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve it. A. as B. that C. which D. the ones A B so .that 后面跟的是一个结果状语从句 16

26、. _is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. A. Which B. As C. What D. That B 17. I ll tell you _ he told me last night. A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all D 18. How do you like the book? It s quite different from _ I read last month. A. that B. whi

27、ch C. the one D. the one what C 19. There are three libraries in our school, _ were built five years ago. A、 all of them B、 either of them C、 all of which D、 both of that C 20.I bought some books from the bookstore, five _were English novels. A. of which B. which C. that D. in which A 名词 /代词 /数词 +of

28、+ which /whom 引导非限定性定语从句 21.Here are players from Japan, some of _ are our old friends. Here are some players from Japan and some of _ are our old friends. A. which B. that C. whom D. them 非限制性定语从句 并列句 C D 解题思路 : 1. 通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。 2. 题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈 述句式。 3. 分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中， 缺什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关 系代词

29、；缺状语，用关系副词 4. 注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连 词 and, but等。 Translation 1. 这就是那位帮助我的人。 2. 你昨天见到的史密斯夫人是我的一个朋友。 3. 你认识一个叫王雨的人吗？ This is the man who helped me. Mrs. Smith whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu? 4. 我收到的那份礼物是我哥送的。 5. 他在我出去的那个星期来我家了。 6. 请给我解释一下你不辞而别的理由好吗？ T

30、he present that / which I received was from my brother. He came to my home during the week when I was out. Could you please give me a reason why you left without a word? Homework： 1. Make the difference between The Attributive Clause and The Appositive Clause. 2. Find out the difference between The Attributive Clause and The Adverbial Clause. Thanks for listening.