2020年中考英语语法专题及参考答案解析详解七

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1、2020年中考英语语法专题及参考答案解析详解七 专题七 情态动词、系动词 在英语中，表示主语动作或状态的词就叫做动词。根据动词的意义及在句子中的作用，可将动词分为实义动词(v)、系动词(link-v)、情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(v. aux)四种类型。 下面我们就来看看情态动词和系动词的具体用法。 一、情态动词 情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，要和动词原形一起构成谓语，表说话人的语气和态度。它没有人称和数的变化。常见的情态动词有： 1. can表示能力，有“能”“会”的意思;表示可能性，多用在

2、否定或疑问句中;表示请求和许可。 如：The parrot can speak three languages. 这只鹦鹉能讲三种语言。 Can I borrow the book from the library?我可以从图书棺借这本书吗? Shanghai can be very cold in March. 上海三月份可能会很冷。 拓展延伸can还有过去式could 可表“能，会”，又可以和be able to替换，而be able to有 更多时态。 如： He could swim when he was four. =He

3、 was able to swim when he was four. 他四岁时就会游泳。 在一般疑问句中，can/could 常用来表示请求或征求对方意见，用could 比用can语气更加委婉和客气。类似用法的还有Will /Would you (please)...等句型。 如：Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? 你能告诉我怎样到邮局吗? Would you please turn up the radio?请你把收音机开大点，好吗? 2.may表示“许可”时，相当于can，其否定回答用can&rs

4、quo;t/mustn’t;表推测时，常用在肯定句中，表“可能”。 如：-May I borrow your ruler?我可以借用您的直尺吗? -No, you cant /mustnt. 不行。 She may be a teacher. 她可能是一名教师。 拓展延伸may可表示祝愿。如： May you succeed! 祝你成功! 3.must表示“必须;必要”，以“must”开头的一般疑问句其肯定回答用“must”，否定回答用“neednt”或“dont have to”。 must表推测时，常用在肯定句中，是“

5、一定”的意思，其否定形式mustn t表“禁止”的意思。 如：-Must I leave now?现在我必须离开吗? -No，you neednt /you dont have to. 没有必要。 This book must be Lucys . Look! Her name is on the book cover. 这本书是露西的。看!封面上还有她的名字。 You mustnt draw on the wall. 你不准在墙上画画。 拓展延伸must表示说话人的主观看法，只有一般现在时;have to强调客观要求，有时态、人称

6、和数的变化。如： My mother is ill. I have to look after her now. 妈妈病了，我得去照看她。 4.need作情态动词时，常用在否定和疑问句中，表示“需要;要”的意思。 如：Need we finish the work now?现在我们需要完成这项工作吗? They needn t look after him. 他们不需要照顾他了。 拓展延伸need还可以用作行为动词，可以用于各种句型。如： Does he need any help? 他需要帮助吗? The desk n

7、eeds repairing. 这张桌子需要修理。 5.shall 用于第一人称，表示说话人征求对方意见，过去式为should;will 用手第二人称的疑问句中，表示说话人向对方提出请求和建议，过去式为would。 如：Shall I go shopping with you?我可以同你去购物吗? I dont know what I should do next. 我不知道下一步该干什么。 Would you please come a little earlier?请你来早一点好吗? 6.情态动词had better的用法

8、 (1)had better 后接动词原形，表劝告、建议，意为“最好”。“Youd better... ”含有强制命令的语气，对长辈不宜使用。 如：Youd better ask that policeman over there. 你最好问一下那边的那个警察。 (2)慎用had better! 注意以下四条： ①had better表达的是说话者强硬性的建议，告诫别人(包括自己)如何做。 如：Granny, the hospital is not very near. Wed better catch a bus. 奶奶，医院不是很近。我们最好坐公共汽

9、车。 ②had better不用于礼貌的请求或征询，它隐含一种警告或威胁。 如：You d better finish the work today and bring it tomorrow. 你最好今天就把作业完成，明天带来。 ③had better意思接近should，但它除了表示语气强硬以外，还表示马上要去做的事情，比should更紧迫。 如：You’d better see a doctor at once. 你最好马上去看医生。 ④had better不含比较的意思，该结构表示“It would be good to... ”，而不

10、是“It would be better to...”。 二、系动词 系动词有实际意义，但不能单独做谓语，必须与表语一起构成句子的谓语，说明主语的性质、状态或身份等。 它分为完全系动词和不完全系动词。 1.完全系动词(be)可接名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语、句子做表语。如： Im a student. 我是个学生。(名词) He is fine. 他很好。(形容词) It is me. 是我。(代词) Are you there?你在那儿吗?(副词) She is at school. 她在学校读书。(介词短语) He is to co

11、me soon. 他过会儿该来了。(不定式) My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。(动词的ing形式) My idea is that we will start now. 我的想法是我们现在就开始。(句子) 2.不完全系动词 (get，turn，feel，smell，look，sound，taste)一般只接形容词做表语。如：When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer. 春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。 Food may go bad soon if it is not put int

12、o a fridge. 食物如果不放进冰箱里就会很快变坏。 My brother became / turned a teacher after his graduation. 我哥哥毕业后就当上了老师。(注意become和turn的用法区别) 实战演练(2_______ 50) 计分: 1. --Mary, ____ you speak Chinese? -- Yes, but only a little. A. will B. can C. could 2. --Must I do the work now? --

13、No, you ____. You can do it later. A. cant B. mustnt C. needn’t 3. -- I cant stop smoking, doctor. -- For your health, Im afraid you ____. A. can B. need C. must 4. -- Whose book is it? -- It ____ be Bobs sisters. She is only a baby. A. must B. mustnt C. cant

14、 5. -- Jill looks so painful, there ____ be something wrong with her. -- Oh, dear! Wed better take her to the hospital at once. A. can B. should C. must 6. --Is Simon coming by train? -- He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car. A. may B. need C. must 7. --

15、 May I try on the jeans? -- Yes, you ___. A. should B. can C. must 8. -- Do you know any traffic rules? -- A little. When the traffic lights are red, we ____ stop and wait. A. may B. can C. must 9. I think schools ____ allow students at least one hour a day for sports.

16、 A. would B. should C. could 10. -- Can I swim in the lake. Dad? -- No, you ____. Havent you seen the notice “No Swimming”? A. may not B. mightnt C. mustnt 11. -- Are you going to Beijing by air? -- Its fast but a little expensive. So I am not sure. I __ take it.

17、 A. will B. may C. must 12. -- Could I borrow your dictionary? -- Of course you ____. A. can B. will C. should 13. --Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. --No,____. A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant 14. -- Will you please stay here for the party? --

18、Sorry, I ____. Ill have to go to an important meeting. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant 15. -- Must I tidy the room now? -- No, you ____. You can do it after breakfast. A. mustn’t B. need C. dont have to 16. -- You must come back every month. -- Yes, I ____. A. w

19、ill B. must C. should 17. -- Is this coat Janes? -- It ____ be hers, but Im not sure. A. will B. may C. must 18. -- ____ we go and fly kites today? -- Thats a good idea. A. Should B. Must C. Shall 19. --ls your brother playing computer games, Ted? -- He ___ do tha

20、t because the computer doesnt work. A. may not B. cant C. mustnt 20. -- I dont mind telling you what I have known. -- You ___, and I am not asking you for it. A. neednt B. mustnt C. may not 21. _____ you help me? A.Will B.Shall C.Must 22. You ______watch TV

21、if you’ve finished your homework. A. can B. must C. need 23. I have seen lights in that empty house. Do you think I _____report it to the police? A. should B. may C. will 24. -- Who is the girl standing over there? -- Well, if you ______know, her name is Mary.

22、 A. may B. can C. must 25. -- Excuse me, could you tell me where the supermarket is? -- It’s two blocks straight ahead. You _____miss it. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t 26. -- Mom, there goes the bell. -- Oh, it _____ Annie. I invited her to

23、come for dinner. A. can’t be B. must be C. may be 27. I’ll let you see the patient in an hour if you _____wait here. A. will B. must C. can 28. Whoever can answer one of my questions ______get a prize. A. would B. should C. will 29. Tom, you ______leav

24、e all your clothes on the floor like this. A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t 30. It’s 7:50. You ____hurry, or you’ll be late. A. might B. will C. had better 31. In spring, all the flowers in the garden _______ sweet. A. taste B. smell C. be

25、come 32. She _______ like her mother in character. A. is B. seems C. looks 33. In late autumn leaves _______ brown. A. get B. turn C. come 34. Look! There _______ so many people here on vacation. A. have B. are C. be 35. His classmate_______ a singer.

26、A. were B. grew C. has become 36. My job is ______ you math. A. to teach B. teaches C. taught 37. How time flies! Three years _______ really a short time. A. are B. is C. was 38. It sounds _______ a good idea. A. as B. is C. like 39. Her temperature _______

27、to be all right. A. seems B. sounds C. looks 40. His wish to become a driver has _______ true. A. turned B. come C. been 41. Little Jim’s speech sounds _______. A. friendly B. wonderfully C. nicely 42. When her mother came home yesterday, it was _______ dark

28、. A. going B. running C. getting 43. These apples taste _______. A. to be good B. good C. well 44. -- How about the cloth you bought yesterday? -- That’s very beautiful. It _______ so soft. A. felt B. feels C. is feeling 45. When his brother telephoned

29、 him last night, he _______ asleep. A. felt B. fell C. fall 46. The food will _______ bad easily in such hot weather. A. go B. went C. turn 47. It _______ that he was late for the train. A. looks B. says C.seems 48. What does your brother look _______? A. li

30、ke B. as C. after 49. The girl’s voice is so sweet and her songs _______ very beautiful. A. taste B. look C. sound 50. What a lovely day! I hope it _______ fine. A. stayed B. will stay C. will get 参考答案 1-5BCCCC 6-10ABCBC 11-15BABCC 16-20ABCBA 21-25AAACB 26-30BACBC 31-35BABBC 36-40ABCAB 41-45ACBBB 46-50ACACB 新初三快扫码关注 作者微信公众号 每日推送学习技巧，学科知识点