考研英语二阅读理解真题

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1、2019考研英语二阅读理解真题今天小编为大家提供2019考研英语二阅读理解真题，考研英语阅读理解分为四部分，一起来看看吧！希望这些题目都难不倒你！2019考研英语二阅读理解真题textlTextlUnlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergeslittlelater,inconjunctionwithachild'sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren'tbomknowinghowtosay"I'msorry”；rat

2、her, they learnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsfriendsandtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregard so-calledmoralguilt, intheright amount,tobeagoodthing.Inthepopular imagination, ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeplyuncomfortableit'stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacke

3、tweightedwithstones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated."Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltis and what role guilt can serve," says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at theUniversityofVirginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren

4、9;t binary-feelingsthatmay be advantageous inone contextmay be harmful in another.Jealousy and anger, forexample,mayhave evolved to alertus to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt,byprompting ustothinkmore deeply aboutour goodness,canencourage humanstomakeUPforerro

5、rsandfix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help holda cooperative species together.It iskindofsocialglue.Viewedinthislight, guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychologyprofessor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate foran emotional deficiency.Innumberof studies

6、, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathwayscooperationandsharingSomekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshorfallbyexperiencing more guilt, whichcanreinintheirnastier impulses. Andviceversa:High sympathy cansubstituteforlow guilt.Ina 2014 study, for examp

7、le, Malti looked at244 children Using caregiver assessmentsandthechildren's self-observations,sheratedeachchild'soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytonegative emotions aftermoral transgressions. Then the kidswerehanded chocolate coins, and givenachancesharedthem withananonymous child.For

8、 the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared toonhow inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though theyhadn'tmagically becomemore sympathetic to the other child's deprivation "That's good news,"Maltisays."Wecanbeprosocialbecausew

9、ecausedharmandwefeelregret,“英语二阅读题21 .ResearchersthinkthatguitcanbegoodthingbecauseitmayhelpA)fosterachildsmoraldevelopmentB)regulateachildsbasicemontionsimprove a childs intellectual abilityD) intensity a childs positive feelings22 .According to paragraph 2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobeA)inexcus

10、ableB)deceptionC)addictiveD)burdensome23.VaishholdthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthatA)emotionsaircontext-independentB)anemotioncanplayopposingrolesC)emotionaresociallyconstructiveD)emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth2019考研英语二阅读理解真题text2Text2Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderch

11、allengesinthe fight against climate change. Evenaswe humanscounton foreststosoakupgoodshareofthecarbondioxidewe produce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimate change weare hastening couldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthanthey absorb.Thankfully, there isawayoutofthis trap-but itinv

12、olves strikinga subtlebalance.Helping forests flourishasvaluable"carbon sinks" longintothefuturemayrequire reducing their capacitytosequester carbonnow.Californiais leading theway,asitdoesonsomany climate efforts,infiguringout the details.The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to

13、 double efforts to thin outyoungtreesand clear brush inparts of the forest, including by controlled burning. This temporarily lowers carbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailable moisture,sotheygrowthrive, restoring theforest's capacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthy

14、treesarealsobetterabletofend off bark beetles.The landscape is rendered less combustible. Even in the event offire,fewertreesareconsumed.Theneedforsuch planningis increasingly urgent.Already, since2010, droughtbeetleshave killed more than 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone,w

15、ildfireshavescorchedhundredsofthousandsofacres.Califomia'splanenvisionstreating35,000acresofforestayearby2020, and60,000by2030financedfromtheproceedsofthestate's emissions-permitauctions.That'sonlysmall share of the totalacreage that could benefit, an estimated halfamillionacresall,soitw

16、illbeimportanttoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.Thestrategyalsoaims toensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is lockedawaytheformofsolid lumber, burnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthat wouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels,orused in compost or animal feed.New research on transport

17、ation biofuels is under way, andthestateplanstoencourage lumber production closetoforestlands.Infuturethestateproposes totakeaninventoryofitsforests'carbon-storing capacityeveryfiveyears.Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,including those owned by the U.S.Forest Service, but tradi

18、tionally they've focused on wildlife, watersheds andopportunitiesforrecreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have toplayinstoringcarbon.California'splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernorearlynextyear,shouldserveasamodel.26.“Oneoftheharderchallengesi

19、mpliesA.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrolB.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreatC.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarmingextremeweatherconditionsmayarise27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable"carbon sinks",wemayneedtoA.preservediversityofspeciesB.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacityC.acceleratethe

20、growthofyoungtreesD.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants28.California'sForestCarbonPlanendeavorstoA.restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires. B.cultivate more drought resistant trees.C.findmore effective ways to kill insects D.reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests29.WhatisessentialtoCalifornia'spla

21、naccordingtopara.5?A.To obtain enough financial supportB.Tocarry itout before 2020C.To handle theareasintheseriousdangerfirstD.Toperfecttheemission-permitauctions3O.theauthor'sattitudetowardCalifornia'splancanbebestdescribedasA.supportiveB.ambiguousC.tolerantD.cautiousText2019考研英语二阅读理解真题text

22、33Americanfarmershavebeencomplaining oflabor shortagesforseveralyearsnow.Givenamulti-year declineinillegal immigration, andsimilarlysustained pickup in the U.S.job market, the complaints are unlikely tostop withoutanoverhaulofimmigrationrulesforfarmworkers.Effortstocreateamorestraightforwardagricult

23、ural-workersvisathatwouldenableforeignworkerstostay longer intheU.S.and change jobs withinthe industry havesofarfailedinCongress.If this doesn t change, American businesses, communities and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps halfofU.S.farm laborersare undocumented immigrants.As fewer such workers

24、enter theU.S., the characteristics oftheagricultural workforce are changing. Today s farm laborers, while still predominantly bom in Mexico, are more likelytobesettled, rather than migrating, andmore likely tobe married than single. They are alsoaging.Atthe start of this century, about one-third of

25、crop workers were over the age of35.Now,more than half are. And crop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure forthislaborshortage remainsas implausible asit has been all along: Native U.S. workers won t bereturningtothe farm.Ina study published in2013, economist Michael Clemens analyzed

26、 15years of dataonNorthCarolina s farm-labor market and concluded,“There is virtually no supply of native manual farm laborersinstate.Thiswastrueeveninthedepthsofasevererecession.Mechanizationisnottheanswereithernotyet at least. Production ofcorn, cotton, rice, soybeans andwheat have been largely me

27、chanized,butmanyhigh-value, labor-intensivecrops, suchas strawberries, need labor.Even dairy farms, where robots currently doonlysmallshareof milking, havealongwaytogobeforetheyareautomated.Asaresult,farmshavegrown increasingly reliantontemporary guest workers using theH-2Avisatofillthegapsinthe agr

28、icultural workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visasrose sharply; from2011to2016number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike theH-2Bvisafornonagricultural work, whichislimitedto66,000 annually.Evenso, employers frequently complain thattheyaren tall

29、ottedallthe workers they need.Theprocess is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable.OnesurveyfoundthatbureaucraticdelaysledH-2Aworkerstoarriveonthejobanaverageof22dayslate.Andthe shortageiscompounded by federal immigration raids, whichremovesome workersand drive others underground.Petitioningeachyearfo

30、rlaborersandhopingthegovernmentprovides enough, andthattheyarriveontimeisnowaytorun a business. Ina 2012 survey by the California Farm Bureau,71 percent oftree-fruitgrowersand nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor.Somewesterngrowershaverespondedbymovingoperation

31、stoMexico.Withoutreliableaccesstoareliableworkforce,moregrowerswillbetemptedtomovesouth.AccordingtoareportbythePartnershipforaNewAmericanEconomy,Americansare consuming more fresh produce, which is good.Butarising share ofitisgrownelsewhere.In 1998-2000,14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed wa

32、s imported.Little more thandecadelater,theshareofimportedfruithadincreasedto25.8percent.RuralU.S.communitiesthatmighthavebenefiteddidn, t.Ineffect, theU.S.can import foodoritcanimport theworkers who pickit.TheU.S.needsasimpler, streamlined, multi-yearvisaforagriculturalworkers, accompanied bymeasure

33、stoguardagainstexploitationandaviablepathtoU.S.residency for workers who meetthe requirements. Otherwise growerscontinuetostruggle with shortages and uncertainty, andthecountryasa whole will loseout.31. Whatproblemshouldbeaddressedaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?A.discriminationagainst foreign work

34、ersintheU.S.B.biasedlawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusinesses.C.flawsinUSimmigrationrulesforfarmworkers.D.declineofjobopportunitiesinUSagriculture.32.OnetroublewithUS.AgricultureworkforceisA.therisingnumberofillegalimmigrants.B.thehigh mobilityofcropworkers.C.thelackofexperienced labors.D.theagingofimmigr

35、antfarmworkers.33.Whatisthemuch-arguedsolutiontothelaborshortageinUSfarming?A.To attract younger laborersto farm work.B.Toget nativeUS workers back tofanning.c.To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D.To strengthen financial support for famers.34.AgricultureemployerscomplainabouttheH-2Avisafori

36、ts?A.slowgrantingprocedures.B.limitondurationofstay.c.tightenedrequirements.D.controlofannualadmissions.35.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A.USAgricultureinDecline.B.ImportFoodorLabor?C.AmericaSavedbyMexico?D.Manpowervs.Automation?2019考研英语二阅读理解真题text4Text4ArnoldSchwarzenegger,DiaMi

37、rzaandAdrianGrenierhaveamessageforyou:It seasyto beat plastic. They re part of a bunch of celebrities staring in a new videoWorldEnvironmentDay-encouraging you, theconsumer, toswapoutyour single-usePlastic staples to combat theplasticcrisis.Ifonlyr a realized thatwecanbuyourwayoutoftheproblem except

38、 wecan t.Thekey messages that have been put together for World EnvironmentDay do include a callgovernmentsto enact legislation to curb single-us plastics.But the overarching message is directed at individuals:Leadwithyourwallets.Theproblemofperpetuatingthisindividualisticnarrativeisthatit'snotgo

39、ingtogetusveryfar and the plastics crisiswe faceis immense. Our oceans are blighted by thestuff.It'sinour drinkingwater (including bottled water), andwecouldevenbe breathingitin.I'mnotdismissingindividual actions like ordering straw-free drinksat bars, or opting forareusablewater bottleoverc

40、upthat'sgoinginthetrashassoonasyou've usedit.Ican'timaginenotatleasttrying tominimizemyownplastics footprint, whether it's lugging homemy newly-refilled gallonbottleofwashing-upliquideveryfew months,orbuying packaging-free food,clothingandtoiletrieswherepossible.Ontheirown,however,no

41、ne of these things is enough.Part ofmy worry about leavingitupto theindividualISthatwe'realljustguessingatwhat'sgoingonoutthere-andthat'sifwehaven'tbeenscaredofffromdoing anythingtostartwithinthefaceofsuchahugechallenge.Asconsumers,we have little idea about how much plastic has been

42、used anddiscarded alongthesupplychain,for example. It's also hard to compare, say, going to a bulk store that sellsplastic-freeproductsbut requires you to drive some distance versus a more Iccal shop where you mayuptakinghomesome packaged items.There salsoatimeandcost issue.Realistically, I'

43、m not goingstartmaking myown laundry detergents soIcanavoid the plastic bottles they come in,therecan be extra costs associated with environmentally friendly products.My biggest concern with leaving it uptheindividual,however,isourlimitedsenseofwhatneedstobeachievedOntheirown,takingourown bags to th

44、egrocery storeorquitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish littlerequirevery littleof us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have "donebit"withouteverprogressingontobigger, bolder,moreeffectiveactions-akindof"moral licensing" thatallaysconcernsandstop

45、susdoingmoreandaskingmoreofthoseincharge.Whiletheconversationaroundenvironmentandourresponsibilitytowarditremainscenteredonshoppingbagsandstraws, we're ignoringthebalanceofpowerthatimpliesthatas"consumers"wemustshopsustainably,ratherthanas"citizens"holdgovernments and industr

46、iestoaccounttopushforrealsystemicchange.NowhereinWorldEnvironmentDay2018'skeymessagesisthereanythingaboutvotingforenvironmentally progressive politicians, forexample.Whynot?It simportanttoacknowledge that the environment isn t everyone s priority-or even most people s. We shouldn t expect it to

47、be.Inherlatest book, Why Could PeopleDoBadEnvironmental Things, Wellesley College professor ElizabethR.DeSombrearguethat the bestway to collectively change the behavior of large numbersof people isforthechange to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that addscostto

48、environmentally problematicaction,orbanningsingle-useplasticsaltogether.Indiahasjustannounceditwill”eliminateallsingle-useplasticinthecountryby2022.,Therearealsoincentive-basedwaysofmakingbetterenvironmentalchoiceseasier, suchasensuringrecyclingisatleastaseasyastrashdisposal.DeSombreisn, tpeopleshou

49、ldstopcaringabouttheenvironment.It sjustthatindividualactionsaretooslow,shesays,forthattobeonly,orevenprimary, approachtochangingwidespreadbehavior.Noneofthisisaboutwriting off the individual. It s just about putting things into perspective. We don t have time towait.Weneed progressive policies that

50、shape collective action(and reininpolluting business), alongside engaged citizenspushingforchange. That s not something we can buy.36. Some celebrities star in a new videotoA.demandnewlawsontheuseofplasticsB.urgeconsumerstocuttheuseofplasticsC.invitepublicopinionontheplasticscrisisD.disclosethecause

51、softheplasticscrisis37.TheauthorISconcernedthat“morallicensingmayA.misleadusintodoingworthlessthingsB.preventusfrommakingfurthereffortsC.weakenoursenseofaccomplishment D.suppressourdesireforsuccess38.Bypointingoutouridentityascitizens,“theauthor indicatesthatA.ourfocus shouldbeshiftedtocommunity wel

52、fareB.ourrelationship withlocal industriesisimproving C.wehavebeen actively exercisingourcivilrights D.Weshouldpressourgovernmentstoleadthecombat39.DeSombrearguesthatthebestwayforcollectivechangeshouldbeA.awin-winarrangementB.aself-drivenmechanismC.acosteffectiveapproachtop down process 40.The author concludes that individual effortsA.can be too aggressiveB.arefarfromsufficientC.canbetooinconsistentD.arefarfromrational