考研-英语阅读理解2

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1、的 ssage 1Exchange a glance with someone, then look away. Do you realize that you have made a statement? Hold the glance for a second longer, and you have made a different statement. Hold it for 3 seconds, and the meaning has changed again. For every social situation, there is a permissible time that

2、 you can hold a person s gaze without being intimate, rude, or aggressive. If you are on an elevator, what gaze-time are you permitted? lb answer this question, consider what you typically do. Ybu very likely give other passengers a quick glance to size them up (打 ht) and to assure them that you mea

3、n no threat. Since being close to another person signals the possibility of interaction, you need to emit a signal telling others you want to be left alone. So you cut off eye contact, what sociologist Erving Goffman (1963) calls ia dimming of the lights., You look down at the floor, at the indicato

4、r lights, anywhere but into another passengers eyes. Should you break the rule against staring at a stranger on an elevator, you will make the other person exceedingly uncomfortable, and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself.If you hold eye contact for more than 3 seconds, what are you telli

5、ng another person? Much depends on the person and the situation. For instance, a man and a woman communicate interest in this manner. They typically gaze at each other for about 3 seconds at a time, then drop their eyes down for 3 seconds, before letting their eyes meet again. But if one man gives a

6、nother man a 3-second-plus stare, he signals,I know you“，“I am interested in you, or Ydu look peculiar and I am curious about you. This type of stare often produces hostile feelings.1.lt can be inferred form the first paragraph that.(A)every glance has its significance(B)staring at a person is an ex

7、pression of interest(C)a gaze longer than 3 seconds is unacceptable(D)a glance conveys more meaning than words正确答案:A,2.lf you want to be left alone on an elevator, the best thing to do is.(A)to look into another passengers eyes(B)to avoid eye contact with other passengers(C)to signal you are not a t

8、hreat to anyone(D)to keep a distance from other passengers正确答案:B,3.By ,a dimming of the lights(ftira.1, Line 9)&ving Goffman means “(A)closing one s eyes(B)turning off the lights(C)ceasing to glance at others(D)reducing gaze-time to the minimum正确答案:Q4.lf one is looked at by a stranger for too long,

9、he tends to feel.(A) depressed(B) uneasy(C)curious(D) amused正确答案:B,5.The passage mainly discusses.(A)the limitations of eye contact(B)the exchange of ideas through eye contact(Qproper behavior in situations(D)the role of eye contact in interpersonal communication正确答案:D,Passage 2Bderly people respond

10、 best to a calm and unhurried environment. This is not always easy to provide as their behavior can sometimes be difficult to handle. If they get excited or upset then they may become more confused and more difficult to look after. Although sometimes it can be extremely difficult, it is best to be p

11、atient and not to get upset yourself.bu should always encourage old people to do as much as possible for themselves but be ready to lend a helping hand when necessary.Railing memory makes it difficult for the person to recall all the basic kinds of information we take for granted. The obvious way to

12、 help in this situation is to supply the information that is missing and help them make sense of what is going on. You must use every opportunity to provide information but remember to keep it simple and direct.Good morning, Mother. This is Aona, your daughter Its eight oclock, so if you get up now,

13、 we can have breakfast downstairs.”When the elderly person makes confused statements, e.g. about going out to his or her old employment or visiting a dead relative, correct him in a calm matter-of-fact fashion: Ulbu dont work in the office any more.bu are retired now. Will you come and help me with

14、the dishesTWe rely heavily on the information provided by signposts, clocks, and newspapers. These assist us to organize and direct our behavior. Confused old people need these aids all the time to compensate for their poor memory. Encourage them to use reminder boards or diaries for important comin

15、g events and label the contents of different boxes. Many other aids such as information cards, old photos, addresses or shopping lists could help in individual cases.I.When do elderly people respond best?(A)When they are calm and unhurried.(B)When people tell them to be calm and unhurried.(QWhen the

16、ir environment is calm and unhurried.(D)When others are calm and unhurried.正确答案：G2 .What should you encourage old people to do?(A)7b do as little as possible.(B)Tb do as much as they can.(C)7b help others when needed.(D)lb be patient and not get upset.正确答案:B,3 .How should we provide information to o

17、ld people with failing memories?(A)By being helpful.(B)By being direct.(C)By being sensitive.(D)By being obvious.正确答案:B,4 .What is the purpose of information provided on such things as signposts?(A)To help us organize and direct our behavior.(B)To help us make use of newspapers.(Qlb help us correct

18、other people.(D)Ib help us understand statements.正确答案:A,5 .Besides diaries, what else can help old people remember significant coming events?(A) Labels.(B)Fteminder boards.(C)Information cards.(D) Photos.正确答案:B,Passage 1I m 90 years old. The advantage of being 90 is that you can look forward to deat

19、h. The world is getting noisier, sexier and more horrible by the minute, but at least I can comfort myself with the fact that the end is in sight. Or so I thought. Imagine my anger when I opened the newspaper and discovered they were going to make us live till 130. When youre 60 or 70 the thought of

20、 death crosses your mind like a shadow. It disturbs you, it worries you. But by the time you reach my age you hope for it.My body is dying on me. It*s horrible.bu start to smellthe smell of deathand you can do nothing about it. I can no longer see properly. Vbu go deaf, and people talk to you as if

21、youre a child. Vbur legs give up on you. Nowadays I spend so much time working out how to avoid making the trip downstairs more than once a day. When I do get out, I can barely walk more than a few yards-and according to those who know me, Im lucky in good shape for my 90 years.Ah, but the world wou

22、ld be so much wiser, some people say. Im afraid thats an illusion. As we get older, we lose our wisdom, our mind, and even our language. We would have a world in which no one could communicate because wed have forgotten how to.No. The absolute nothingness of death is something to look forward to. If

23、 I discovered a medicine to make people live until 130, the first thing I d do is to bury it.1 .What is the advantage of being 90 years old?(A)Ybu can become sexier.(B)You can look forward to death.(C)Vbu can enjoy the world more.(D)Ybu can hear less noise.正确答案:B,2 .Why did the speaker get angry?(A)

24、 He learned people will live longer.(B)He learned people will be noisier.(C)He learned people will become sexy.(D)He learned people will think about death.正确答案:A,3 .Why is the speaker lucky, according to some?(A)He doesnt have to walk much.(B)He doesn,t need to listen to others.(C)He is in good heal

25、th for his age.(D) He is much wiser than before.正确答案:C,4 .What is an “illusion”，according to the speaker?(A)That the world has become a better place.(B)That the world has become sexier and noisier.(QThat old people are happy to live longer lives.(D)That old people are wiser than they were before.正确答

26、案:D,5 .What would he do with a medicine that makes life longer?(A) Live 130 years.(B) Become wiser.(Q Forget where it is.(D)Bury the medicine.正确答案:D,Fssage 2The great river Nile （尼罗；可）flows gently in its course through the hot plains in the first half of the year but later on when the melting （融化）sn

27、ows and the rains on the mountains far to the south swell its tributaries （支流），the Nile overflows （泛滥）.It spreads rich, muddy （泥泞的）soil from Ethiopia over its valley and forms deep stretches of green, fertile （肥沃的）lands along its banks. The settlers found that in the soft rich earth wheat and other

28、crops could be planted, even without the use of the plough, and they began to make many settlements of farmers.In these early times they did not of course understand why the river overflowed each year. But they knew that their crops and, therefore, their lives, depended upon its magic （魔术似的）floods,

29、and they explained the miracle as the work of gods.But there came some years when there was a bad Nile. Sometimes the floods were not full and did not bring enough soil; the crops were poor and the people starved. At other times the waters were so great that they destroyed houses and villages, and d

30、rowned （淹死）men and beasts （牲备）.It took perhaps many centuries before the farmers learned how to control the Nile waters.Wise men among them watching the position of the stars year by year found that they could predict when the annual rising of the Nile would come. Thus they began to learn about the

31、scientific study of the sun, earth, moon, and stars and could make a calendar of the years. They also learnt how to measure out the land so that it could be divided fairly again after the boundaries of the farms had been washed away by great floods. In this way, there came about ancient knowledge of

32、 engineering and of geometry.1 .We can learn from this passage that the Nile is.（A）always a gentle flowing river（B）hot in the first half of the year but cold later on （Qlikely to overflow at unknown times of the year（D）a life-giving river that makes the land rich正确答案:D,2 .The settlers began farming

33、in the Nile valley because.（A）they discovered that their crops could grow well in the soil there（B）they did not realize that the river would overflow sometimes（Qthey found many settlements of farmers in the valley（D）they realized that their crops depended on the floods正确答案:A,3 .The Nile was called t

34、he bad Nile at times because.(A)the floods made the river difficult to control(B)the floods could only be predicted by wise men(C)the river sometimes flooded too little or too much(D)the river took the good soil away to Ethiopia正确答案:C,4 .The 田yptians of that time learned to predict the floods by.(A)

35、studying the flooding of the Nile year by year(B)observing the position of the stars year by year(Qinventing some maps of the Nile floods(D)developing engineering and measuring land正确答案:B,5 .According to the passage, the ancient Egyptians.(A)had studied the stars and made their own calendar of the y

36、ears(B)watched the fall and rise of the Nile and learned how to control the flood(C)discovered science before the peoples of other nations(D) learned a lot about geometry and spread the knowledge all over the world 正确答案:A,Passage 1On average, American kids aged 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in schoo

37、l, eight hours more than they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet (芭蕾舞). Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports; girls

38、 log half that time. All in all, however, childrens leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%.“Children are affected by the same time crunch (危HL) that affects their parents,“ says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of childrens timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that mo

39、re mothers are working outside the home.(Nevertheless, children in both double-income and “male breadwinner households spent comparable mounts of time interacting with their parents,19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.)All work and n

40、o play could make for some very messed-up kids.Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself/ says T Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School. Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with

41、their peers, but kids aged 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing ,free watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If theyre spending less time in front of the

42、 TV set, however, kids arent replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Lets face it, whos got the time?1 .By mentioning “the same time crunch*(Line 1, Rara.2) Sandra Hofferth means.(A)children have little tim

43、e to play with their parents(B)children are not taken good care of by their working parents(C)both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure time(D)both parents and children have trouble managing their time正确答案:C,2 .According to the author, the reason given by Sandra Hofferth for the time cru

44、nch is.(A)quite convincing(B).partially true(Qtotally groundless(D) rat her confusing正确答案:B,3 .According to the author a child develops better if.(A)he has plenty of time reading and studying(B)he is left to play with his peers in his own way(C)he has more time participating in school activities(D)h

45、e is free to interact with his working parents正确答案:B,4 .The author is concerned about the fact that American kids.(A)are engaged in more and more structured activities (B)are increasingly neglected by their working mothers (C)are spending more and more time watching TV (D)are involved less and less

46、in household work 正确答案:A,5 .We can infer from the passage that.(A)extracurricular activities promote children s intelligence (B)most children will turn to reading with TV sets switched off (C)efforts to get kids interested in reading have been fruitful (D)most parents believe reading to be beneficia

47、l to children 正确答案:A,Fssage 2More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse

48、, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.Its easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glow

49、ing recommendation from his former employers.Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But its disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been c

50、aught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.For example, a certain keypunch (键盘打孔)operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied em

51、ployees of the thief tipped off (向.透露)the company that was being robbed.Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and per

52、haps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled (耍弄)the

53、most confidential records right under the noses of the companys executives, accountants, and security staff.And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.1.lt can be concluded from the passage that.(A)it is still impossible to detect

54、 computer crimes today(B)computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions(C)computer criminals can escape punishment because they cant be detected(D)people commit computer crimes at the request of their company正确答案:B,2.1 t is implied in the third paragraph that

55、.(A) many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered (B)the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem (Qmost computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes (D)most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck 正确答案:A,3 .Which of the following is me

56、ntioned in the passage?(A) A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.(B)Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information.(C)Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation (D)Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes.正确答案:D,4 .What ma

57、y happen to computer criminals once they are caught?(A)With a bad reputation they can hardly find another job.(B)They will be denied access to confidential records.(QThey may walk away and easily find another job.(D)They must leave the country or go to jail.正确答案C5 .The passage is mainly about.(A)why

58、 computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspections.(B)why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment(C)how computer criminals manage to get good recommendations from their former employers(D)why computer crimes cant be eliminated正确答案:B,Fssage 1Prices determine how resourc

59、es are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed (供应，分发)among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myria

60、d (极大数最)of services, including labor, professions, transportation, and public-utility (公用事业)services. The interrelationship of all these prices makes up the system of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems t

61、o depend more or less upon everything else.If one were to ask a group of randomly (任意地)selected individuals to define price, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product or ser

62、vice as agreed upon in market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the money involved must be known. Both the buyer and seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but wit

63、h the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees (保证)on the product or service, delivery terms,

64、 return privilege, and other factors. In other words, both the buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that compose the total package being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.I.What is the best title for the passage?(A)The I nh

65、erent Weaknesses of the Price System.(B)The Complexities of the FYice System.(C)Credit Terms in Transactions.(D) Resource Distribution and the Rjblic Sector.正确答案:B,2.According to the passage, the price system is related primarily to.(A)labor and education(B)transportation and insurance(Qutilities and repairs(D) products and services