新视野大学英语课件

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1、 The Battle Against AIDS BrainstormingDiscussionsKnowledge about AIDS Brainstorming Words related to AIDSInfected Prevention Deficiency Epidemic Alarming Implement Illustrate DiagnoseUnofficial programLiterature令人担心令人担心实施实施证明证明诊断诊断非政府项目非政府项目传染的传染的预防预防缺乏缺乏传染病传染病文学文学1.What is AIDS?Acquired Immure Defi

2、ciency Syndrome(后天性免疫缺陷综合症后天性免疫缺陷综合症).It is a disease that limits the bodys ability to fight infection.A person with AIDS has a very weak immune system,turning normally mild or rare diseases into potentially fatal conditions.Discussions2.Why do people turn pale at the mention of AIDS?People,American

3、 or Chinese,tend to turn pale at the mention of AIDS.This is due to the cold fact that it almost always leads to death while there is no known effective cure for it.Discussions3.Is there any difference between AIDS and HIV?Human Immunodeficiency Virus(人类免疫人类免疫缺陷病毒缺陷病毒).AIDS is different from HIV in

4、that the former usually causes death whileHIV may lead to AIDS.Discussions4.Who is most likely to become infected?Anyone can become infected with HIV.HIV is transmitted sexually or through drug use by contaminated blood.Discussions5.How many ways can HIV spread?HIV is spread in three ways:1)contact

5、with infected blood;2)mother-to-child transmission.3)sex;Discussions1.全球防控艾滋病每年花费_。2.于_年发现首例艾滋病，至今全球感染艾滋人数升至 _，其中_%在25岁以下，而且_%的人不知 道自己感染艾滋病病毒（2007年）。3.2007年新感染艾滋病毒的人数为250万，艾滋病死亡人 数为210万。4.全球每隔_就有1人感染艾滋病，每天大约有_ 成为新的艾滋病病毒感染者（2007年）。5.全世界死于艾滋病的人已达_。6.未来10年内全球被感染者可能达_以上，_会 在发展中国家。5000亿3320万95%12.6秒6850人

6、1400万1亿905019801.Striking Numbers（2007）Knowledge about AIDS 65万1000万1.我国_发现首例艾滋病2.中国已有_HIV携带者，其中艾滋病病人 75000例，死亡26000例，性传染趋升（2006）3.据联合国艾滋病规化署(UNAIDS)估计，如果未 能采取有效的预防措施，到2010年我国艾滋病 病毒感染者可能达到_人。（2006.4.）1.Striking Numbers（2007）Knowledge about AIDS Knowledge about AIDS UnderstandingZooming WordsText Sum

7、marySentence Pattern Text StudyDifficult Sentences3Question Answering1Intensive Reading2Text StudyUnderstandingUnderstanding a.185,000 b.nearly 500,000 c.one million d.102,000 e.204,000_ killed since 1970s_ killed in the past few years_ expected to die_ infected with HIV virus_ black&Latinos diagnos

8、ed with HIVedacb1.Match the Numbers(1.Match the Numbers(Paras.1-2Paras.1-2)I.UnderstandingI.UnderstandingText StudyUnderstanding What are correct about the South Carolina AIDS Education Network?a.It is a government organization.b.It combats the spread of AIDS.c.It gets a lot of money.2.Tick the Righ

9、t(Paras.3-6)2.Tick the Right(Paras.3-6)d.It operates programs out of a beauty shop.e.It uses videos and publications.f.Hairdressers are not in the network.Text StudyUnderstandingMethod 1 speak to your communityProblem a low literacy rate Solution draw pictures,familiar faces and languageEvaluation m

10、ore effect 3.Explain the Methods(Paras.7-13)3.Explain the Methods(Paras.7-13)Work in pairs and explain methods 1-3 with the help of the key words in the following charts:Text StudyUnderstandingMethod 2 train teenagersProblem spread fastestSolution establish,programEvaluation simple,better,adult,help

11、Method 3 redefineProblem misinformationSolution emphasize,regardlessText StudyUnderstandingReference Words:More than 102,000 people.2.Questions to Comprehension1)How many American people have been killed by AIDS in the past few years?(Para.1)Reference Words:Reference Words:Women and youth in rural S

12、outhern communities.2)According to the passage,who are the ones most likely to be infected with AIDS?(Para.2)Reference Words:Reference Words:The spread of AIDS and government inactivity in stopping it.3)What are the reasons why some local organizations emerged?(Para.3)Reference Words:Reference Words

13、:Hand out AIDS information to the clients in beauty shop and show videos on AIDS prevention.Speak to your community in a way they can hear.Train teenagers to educate their peers.Redefine”at risk”to include women from different backgrounds and marriage status.4)What are the lessons learned by the loc

14、al organizations in their battles against AIDS?Reference Words:Reference Words:To reduce the number of AIDS cases.5)What is the purpose of forming the South Carolina AIDS Education Network?(Para.4)Reference Words:Reference Words:Because most of the people have a low literacy level.6)Why is it imposs

15、ible to hand out AIDS literature and expect people to read it in some communities?(Paras.8-9)Reference Words:Reference Words:They make it simple and explain the risk of catching AIDS to their peers much better than adults.7)In what way can teenagers do much better than adults according to the passag

16、e?(Para.10)Reference Words:Reference Words:Everyone is at risk regardless of marriage status.8)Who can be at risk according to the author?(Para.12)Reference Words:Reference Words:Everyone should take part in the war against AIDS.9)What should people do in order to win the war against AIDS?(Para.14)A

17、cquireDiagnoseConstituteAlarmorganizationLiteracyEmergeemergeRiskstatus3.Key Words 1.acquire vt.get by skill or ability,by ones own efforts or behavior （由技术、能力、努力或行为而）获得；学到（由技术、能力、努力或行为而）获得；学到 acquire a good knowledge of English 熟谙英文熟谙英文 acquire a reputation for dishonesty 蒙上不诚实蒙上不诚实恶恶名名 acquire a t

18、aste for brandy 养成喝白兰地的嗜好养成喝白兰地的嗜好Words and ExpressionsWord Using1.acquire vt.get by skill or ability,by ones own efforts or behavior （由技术、能力、努力或行为而）获得；学到（由技术、能力、努力或行为而）获得；学到The company has recently acquired a new office building in central Shanghai.这家公司最近在上海市中心买了一栋新的办公楼。这家公司最近在上海市中心买了一栋新的办公楼。Words

19、and ExpressionsWord Using2.diagnose 诊断诊断 vt.diagnose sb.with diagnose+illness/sb.s condition as The woman is diagnosed with diabetes(糖尿病糖尿病).The doctor diagnosed the illness as cancer.Words and ExpressionsWord Using3.constitute vt.form sth.from partsHow many students constitute your study group?Twel

20、ve months constitute a year.比比 较较 comprise compose constitutecomprise consist compose constituteTwo small boys and a dog comprise/consist of the street entertainers only audience.Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.Twelve months constitute a year The committee is constituted of memembers of all

21、 three parties Two small boys and a dog comprised the street entertainers only audience.4.alarm vt.cause sudden fear or worry;give a warning or feeling of danger to 使恐慌，使担忧；警告Everybody was alarmed at the news that war might break out.人人听到战事可能爆发的消息都感到恐慌。人人听到战事可能爆发的消息都感到恐慌。Words and ExpressionsWord Us

22、ing4.alarm vt.cause sudden fear or worry;give a warning or feeling of danger to 使恐慌，使担忧；警告The noise of the shot alarmed hundreds of birds.Words and ExpressionsWord Using4.alarm n.U sudden fear and worry 恐慌，担忧；C a piece of equipment that warns people about danger,the time,etc.报警器；闹钟 a fire alarm 火警 s

23、et the alarm(-clock)for 6 oclock 把闹钟拨到6点e.g.He jumped up in alarm.他惊慌地跳了起来。Words and ExpressionsWord Using5.organization n.a group of people with a special purpose WHO OPEC WorldHealth OrganizationWhat do these organizations mean?Organization of Petroleum Exporting CountriesNorth Atlantic Treaty Org

24、anizationMore NATOWords and ExpressionsWord Using5.organizationFood and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsUnited Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural OrganizationUNESCO联合国教科文组织FAO联合国粮农组织WMO WIPO ILOWords and ExpressionsWord Using6 literacy:The literacy rate there is the highest in

25、 America.那个地区的文化普及率是美国最高的。那个地区的文化普及率是美国最高的。Mass literacy was only possible after the invention of printing.发明了印刷术后文化教育才得以普及。发明了印刷术后文化教育才得以普及。n.the ability to read and write识字，读写能力 literacy illiteracy literate Illiterate computer literacy 计算机文化计算机文化 7.emerge e to appear The sun emerged from behind a

26、cloud.What does the photo show us?It shows a beautiful scene when the morning sun emerges from the sea surface.Words and ExpressionsWord Using 7.emerge vi.become known Different ideas emerged in the heated discussion.Later,it emerged that the judge had been employing an illegal immigrant.Words and E

27、xpressionsWord UsingEmergent emergency8.illustrate vt.make clear by giving pictures or examplesThese graphs illustrate the results of the experiment.Words and ExpressionsWord Using8.illustrate vt.make clear by giving pictures or examplesHe illustrated his point with statistics.Words and ExpressionsW

28、ord Using9.risk vt.place in danger The soldier risked his life to save the drowning girl.士兵冒着生命危险去救落水的女孩。Words and ExpressionsWord Using9.risk n.dangerThe disease is spreading,and all children under 5 are at risk.疾病在蔓延，5岁以下的儿童都有被传染的危险。at risk:in danger 处境危险More phrasesWords and ExpressionsWord Using

29、take/run the risk of(doing)sth.冒着的危险 at any risk at all risks不管冒什么风险at the risk of(doing)sth.冒着的危险take/run the risk to do sth.冒险Words and ExpressionsWord UsingPractice10 status:n.the legal position of a person,group or country 法定地位；the social or professional position of sb/sth in relation to others

30、社会地位，职业地位Womens social status hasnt changed much over the years.这些年来妇女的社会地位没有多大改变。这些年来妇女的社会地位没有多大改变。He is after wealth and status.他追求财富和地位。他追求财富和地位。Whats the status of the peace talks?目前和谈的情况如何目前和谈的情况如何?Normally,a writer starts with a problem and then presents the sulution(s)to solve the problem,and

31、 gives evaluation of the solution at the end.Analyze the following paragraphs:Structure AnalysisMethod 1 Problem Solution Evaluation (Para.7-13)Tip:speak to your community in a way they can hearTip:a low literacy rateTip:a low literacy rateTip:draw pictures,Tip:draw pictures,familiar faces familiar

32、faces and language and languageTip:have more effectTip:have more effectMethod 2 Problem Solution Evaluation Tip:train teenagersTip:train teenagersTip:spread fastestTip:spread fastestTip:establish,Tip:establish,program programTip:simple,better,Tip:simple,better,adult,help adult,helpMethod 3 Problem S

33、olution Tip:redefineTip:redefine Tip:misinformation Tip:misinformationTip:emphasize,Tip:emphasize,regardless regardless In contrast to the governments inactivity,some local organizations have made efforts to fight against AIDS creatively.The organization has generalized some practical methods which

34、are useful to other similar groups.Fighting against AIDS entails everyones involvement and forces each of us to be an educator and learn to live.A serious disease named as AIDS was diagnosed in the U.S.A.in the late 1970s;and since then it has been a big threat to the American society.1.Structure of

35、 TextPara.1-2Para.3-6Para.7-13Para.14II.Structure AnalysisII.Structure AnalysisProblem+Solution+Evaluation+SummaryA.The Writing Model of the Passage:A.The Writing Model of the Passage:The basic structure of this pattern is problem-solution-evaluation.There are some possible differences in the patter

36、n but the basic parts are problems and solutions.Can you list some typical expressions for this pattern?Text StudyStructure AnalysisPara.1 Since then,AIDS has killed more than 204,000 Americanshalf of that number in the past few years alone.Another 185,000 of the one million infected with the HIV vi

37、rus are expected to die within the next year.aloneinfected withalone:You shouldnt leave a child alone in the house.你不应该把孩子单独留在家里。你不应该把孩子单独留在家里。He was left to raise their two children alone.他独自一人抚养两个孩子。他独自一人抚养两个孩子。The case will cost thousands of pounds in legal fees alone.这个案子仅法律费用一项就要用几千磅。这个案子仅法律费用一

38、项就要用几千磅。adj.without any other people独自;without any help from others独立；used after a noun or pronoun to show that the person or thing mentioned is the only one单独，仅仅I didnt have any clothes,_alone a passport.Ive told you before-_ my things alone!Shes asked to be _ alone but the press photographers foll

39、ow her everywhere.These islands are too small to _ alone as independent states.I like _alone in the house.letleaveleftstandbeing alone,lone,lonely,solitary He was _when we met him.the _skier on the mountain A _fisherman stood on a tuft of gravel.a _ soul a _traveleralonelonelonelylonelysolitary受受感染腐

40、蚀影响感染腐蚀影响尽管到处都是诱惑，但我什么坏毛病也没染上。尽管到处都是诱惑，但我什么坏毛病也没染上。to be infected with all around/attraction/any bad habit/be infected withAlthough attraction is all around,I am not infected with any bad habit.受受感染感染:受受影响影响:受受苦苦:享享福福:to be infected with to be affected with to be cursed with to be blessed with Para.

41、3 Despite such alarming numbers,the federal and state governments have been slow in implementing programs to stop the spread of AIDS.In place of government inactivity,a number of local organizations have emerged.Local Locate Location（在）适当的（位置）：（在）适当的（位置）：（在）不适当的（位置）：（在）不适当的（位置）：首先首先 其次：其次：使某人不敢越轨：使某

42、人不敢越轨：in place out of place in the first/second place to keep sb.in his place代替针对鉴于代替针对鉴于in place of(sb./sth.)取代枯燥校园生活的是正兴起的丰富多彩的文化活动。取代枯燥校园生活的是正兴起的丰富多彩的文化活动。in place of/dull campus life/emerge/rich and colorful/cultural activitiesIn place of dull campus life,rich and colorful cultural activities ar

43、e emerging.Despite such,sb.is/seems+adj./p.p.+in doing sth.尽管尽管如此的如此的，某人在，某人在方面却表现出方面却表现出显得显得尽管事情如此棘手，她处置时却显得沉着冷静。尽管事情如此棘手，她处置时却显得沉着冷静。Despite such a tough matter,she seemed calm and cool in handling it.用于表述用于表述“某人的做事方式与实际情况的反某人的做事方式与实际情况的反差差”。Para.5 She also keeps books and other publications aroun

44、d so customers can read them while waiting for their appointments.Its amazing how many people she has educated on the job.远离：远离：摆脱：摆脱：不冒犯：不冒犯：回避：回避：to keep away from to keep free from to keep in with to keep off 身边备着备有身边备着备有to keep.around一定要随身带着手机，不然我们无法和你保持联系。一定要随身带着手机，不然我们无法和你保持联系。Be sure to keep

45、your mobile phone around,otherwise we find no way to keep in touch with you.It is amazing/surprising/touching how sb./sth.does sth.某人某事是这样某人某事是这样的，这一点着实让人赞叹惊的，这一点着实让人赞叹惊奇感动。奇感动。用于表述用于表述“对某人某事的感慨对某人某事的感慨”。多年来他在商界没染上多少坏毛病，这一点着实令人多年来他在商界没染上多少坏毛病，这一点着实令人赞叹。赞叹。It is amazing how few bad habits he has been

46、 infected with in the business world over the years.Para.8 Speak to your community in a way they can hear.Many communities have a low literacy rate,making impossible passing out AIDS literature and expecting people to read it.To solve this problem,ask people in the community who can draw well to cre

47、ate low-literacy AIDS education publications.Sb.is/has/does sth.,making possible/impossible doing sth.else 某人某人，这使得，这使得的做法成为可的做法成为可能不切实际能不切实际。用于表述用于表述“某人在某人在方面的事实使得做方面的事实使得做成为可成为可能不切实际能不切实际”。他工资收入低，这使得近期购买高档住房不切合实际。他工资收入低，这使得近期购买高档住房不切合实际。He earns a low salary,making impossible buying a high-grade h

48、ouse in near future.To solve this problem,ask people in the community who can draw well to create low-literacy AIDS education publications.sb/sth+attributive clause I dont like the way he talks to others.More Practice Ill never forget the city _ _(我和玛丽在那里度过童年时光).He won a gold medal,_ _(全家人认为这是个了 不起的

49、荣誉).where I spent my child-hood with Mary which the whole familyconsidered a great honorPara.10 They make it simple and explain the risk of catching AIDS to friends their own age much better than an adult can.They also play a vital role in helping parents understand the types of peer pressure their

50、children experience.冒冒的危险：的危险：降低降低的危险：的危险：对对构成危险：构成危险：置置危险境地：危险境地：to take the risk of to reduce the risk of to pose a risk to/for.to put at riskto explain the risk of doing sth.to sb.我母亲自我小时候就给我说沉迷网络游戏的危害，我母亲自我小时候就给我说沉迷网络游戏的危害，为此我很感激她。为此我很感激她。from my childhood/explain the risk of indulging in online

51、 games/feel deep gratitude to sb.I feel deep gratitude to my mother for explaining to me the risk of indulging in online games from my childhood.向某人解释做向某人解释做的的危险危险Para.11 Redefine“at risk”to include women from different backgrounds and marital status.at risk冒着冒着的危险：的危险：无论冒什么危险：无论冒什么危险：自担风险：自担风险：危险因素

52、：危险因素：at the risk of doing at all risks/at any riskat ones own riskan element of riskPara.12 The stylists also emphasize that everyone is at risk and that all of us have a right to protect ourselvesregardless of marriage status.Para.13 These lessons are not the only solutions to the crisis,but until

53、 there is a cure for AIDS,education represents the only safe measure to guard against the virus.有权做某事有权做某事to have a right to do sth.无论谁受不了军训之苦都有权要求休息无论谁受不了军训之苦都有权要求休息。Whoever can not put up with the hardship of military training has the right to ask for a rest.whoever/not put up with/military traini

54、ng/hardship/have the right/to ask for a rest不顾不计不顾不计regardless ofthe old/complain/the young/act/tend to/regardless of/afterwards/what will happenThe old are always complaining that the young tend to act regardless of what will happen afterwards.老年人总在抱怨年轻人做事往往不计后果。老年人总在抱怨年轻人做事往往不计后果。解决解决的唯一方案的唯一方案 th

55、e only solution to sth.解决彼此冲突的有效途径之一是多沟通。解决彼此冲突的有效途径之一是多沟通。One of the effective solutions to the conflict between one and another is to exchange ideas with each other a lot.Para.14 We must not let cultural,racial,or social barriers distract us from the job that must be done.This is an undeclared war

56、 that everyone must sign up for in order for us to win.使某人不能专心于使某人不能专心于to distract sb.from 她对自己专业的兴趣极大，几乎没有什么能使她分心。她对自己专业的兴趣极大，几乎没有什么能使她分心。in ones area of study/take such a great interest/distract sb.from sth.She takes such a great interest in her area of study that almost nothing can distract her f

57、rom it.报名参加报名参加to sign up for 随着奥运会的临近，越来越多的大学生报名参加随着奥运会的临近，越来越多的大学生报名参加志愿者。志愿者。With the Olympic Games drawing nearer,more and more college students are signing up for volunteer opportunities.Consolidation Creative Application of ExpressionsEnglish Equivalents of ChineseSummaryText SummaryEnglish Eq

58、uivalents of Chinese 1.染上艾滋病的人染上艾滋病的人 2.被诊为艾滋病的人被诊为艾滋病的人 3.预计预计发生发生 4.一年内死亡一年内死亡 5.成为成为的大群体的大群体 6.政府行动不力政府行动不力 7.实施防止实施防止的计划的计划 8.从一个美发店做起从一个美发店做起 9.以你能接受的方式以你能接受的方式 10.设立一个项目设立一个项目people infected with AIDSpeople diagnosed with AIDSto be expected toto die within one/the next yearto constitute a big

59、segment of government inactivityimplement programs to stop to operate out of a beauty shopin a way you can hearto establish a programEnglish Equivalents of Chinese 11.在在起重要作用起重要作用 12.不同社会背景的人不同社会背景的人 13.困扰着医疗机构困扰着医疗机构 14.占人口的占人口的80 15.治病良方治病良方 16.预防艾滋病毒预防艾滋病毒 17.不同于任何其他病不同于任何其他病 18.政治工作的低效率政治工作的低效率

60、19.不宣而战的战争不宣而战的战争 20.做做感到难受感到难受 to play a vital role in doing people from different backgrounds plague the medical establishment make up 80%of the population a good cure for the disease guard against the HIV virus like no other plague political inefficiency an undeclared war not feel comfortable doi

61、ng 2020世纪世纪7070年代末期年代末期2020世纪世纪7070年代初期年代初期2020世纪世纪7070年代中期年代中期资源资源出版物出版物文学文学受教育比例低受教育比例低 in the late 1970s in the early 1970s in the middle 1970s resources publication literature a low literacy rate II.II.Chinese to EnglishChinese to EnglishWords and ExpressionsC to E 高死亡率高死亡率 婚姻状况婚姻状况 经济状况经济状况 就业情

62、况就业情况 法律地位法律地位 效率效率 效率低下效率低下 a high death rate marriage status economic status job status legal status efficiency inefficiencyWords and ExpressionsC to EIII.SummaryIII.Summary Since it was _ in 1970s,AIDS has killed _ of Americans.Women and youth in rural Southern communities are most _ to be _ with

63、 AIDS.In _ of the spread of AIDS and lack of government activity to stop it,some local organizations _.The South Carolina AIDS Education Network formed to help _ the number of AIDS _.In some communities,handing _ AIDS literature and _ people to read it is not very _ diagnosedthousandslikelyinfectede

64、mergedreducecasesexpectingoutplaceeffectiveText StudySummarybecause many people cannot read.Besides,AIDS is _ fastest among teenagers in the _ South.So these groups have _ some _ methods of _ the spread of AIDS,_ include:speak to your community in a way they can hear;train teenagers to educate their

65、 _;and _“at risk”to include women from different backgrounds and marriage _.In other _,everyone should _ the war_ AIDS.ruraldevelopedbestcombatingwhichpeersredefinestatuswordssign up forspreadingagainstText StudySummary Structure analysis Samples Assignments The basic structure of this pattern is pr

66、oblem-solution-evaluation.There are some possible differences in the pattern but the basic parts are problems and solutions.I.The Problem-Solution-Evaluation The Problem-Solution-Evaluation Pattern PatternDevelopmentDevelopment a general statementproblemsolutionevaluation Parents should be the main solution to childrens lack of physical exercise.Clearly children are spending too many hours watching TV.Their lack of exercise could lead to health problems.If parents set a good example and take exe